biosafety in lab micro diploma.pdf

8/14/2019 Biosafety in lab Micro Diploma.pdf

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Ahmed Samir, Ph.DJanuary 2011


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B.V.Sc 2001,

M.V.Sc. (Microbiology) 2005,

Ph.D. (Microbiology) 2008

Lecturer of MicrobiologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine

Cairo University


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http://www.nukeworker.com/cgi-bin/pictures/album.pl?photo=/Point_Beach_1970_Oh_No.JPGhttp://www.magidglove.com/product.asp?pf%5Fid=461


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Despite a greater awareness of biosafetyand biocontainment practices, handlinginfectious microorganisms remains a source ofinfection, and even mortality among laboratory

workers.

Incidences of secondary transmission ofdisease to the public, which may be due to

possible contamination of the environment orpersonnel are also occurring.



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Biosafety =

* Biological safety

* Biocontainment

* Biosecurity

How to secure

yourself againstinfections resultingfrom handling ofpotential pathogensby applying labsafe practices.



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Key Elements:

Potential pathogens

Safe lab practices

MSDS for chemicals and reagents

PPE Biohazard waste disposal

Disinfection control



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Examples of transmissible blood infections:

HIV-1, causes serious human disease.

HBV; highly infectious

Other blood-borne pathogens (BBPs):

HCV, RVF, and Brucella



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Containment Level 1(CL1), Low Risk (low

individual and community risk)



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Containment Level 2(CL2), Moderate Risk

(moderate individual risk, low community risk)



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Containment Level 2(CL2), Moderate Risk

(moderate individual risk, low community risk)



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Containment Level 3(CL3), Substantial Risk

(high individual risk, low community risk)



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Containment Level 3(CL3), Substantial Risk

(high individual risk, low community risk)



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Containment Level 4(CL4), High Risk (high

individual risk, high community risk)



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A list of human

pathogens

categorizedaccording to Risk

Group can be

obtained byaccessing the Web

site

bsl/-aspc.gc.ca/ols-http://www.phac

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ols-bsl/


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General Safety Principlesfor Laboratories

Other typical issues will have to be studied andresolved. These include exit capacity, travel distance,number and size of fire stairs, door and wall ratings, exitsigns, exit lights, emergency power, and restroomrequirements.

For safety and ease of maintenance, it usually makessense to locate a safety shower, fire extinguisher at theentry alcove of each lab.

Warning signs with the appropriate symbols should beposted at laboratory entrances. There should be two

means of egress from each main lab. Doors should swingout of main labs for safe egress in case of emergency.

In most cases, labs should be organized with thehighest hazards (e.g., hoods) farthest from the entry doorand the least hazardous elements closest to the door.Benches should be accessible without having to cross in

front of hoods.Ahmed Samir, Ph.DJanuary 2011


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Personal items and clothing should be kept in lockers

outside the lab area. Food and drinks are prohibited in

labs, also mouth pipetting is not allowed as well. Most labs

are required to be under negative air pressure relative to

the corridor.

Floor penetrations should be avoided, if possible, to

prevent chemicals released during a spill or flood from

traveling to the floor below. Wet vacuuming should be

used instead of floor drains to contain chemical spills. (This

can also help in identifying what has been spilled on an

individual.)



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Gloves: remove before leaving the lab

Masks and Face shields: if splash is expected

Gowns & Lab coats

Shoe Covers: in intensive care units and containment

laboratories

Goggles: eyewear


Wear Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)



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General Safety Principles

for Laboratories

PPE



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Wear White Coat Disposable Gloves

http://www.magidglove.com/product.asp?pf%5Fid=456


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Lab Design



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Use Safety Cabinet




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Safety Showers




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Eye Wash




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Importance of labels and signsAhmed Samir, Ph.DJanuary 2011


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Waste contaminatedwith human material

(non-sharps) must beplaced in waste bags,which at regularintervals areautoclaved andincinerated.

Waste Disposal



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Sharp instruments such asscalpel blades, as well asneedles and syringes, must beplaced in rigid-walledpuncture-proof "Sharps"containers for disposal in thecontaminated waste disposalservice. Needles must be

discarded unsheathedimmediately after use.

Waste Disposal



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Waste Disposal

1. Sharps are never to be discarded directlyinto the regular trash.2. Needles are not to be clipped or bent.

3. Needles are not to be recapped by atwo-handed method.4. Disposal containers shall not be overfilled.

Guidelines for the safe handling of sharps



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Definitions

Quality Control - QC refers to the measures that must be included

during each assay run to verify that the test is working properly.

Quality Assurance - QA is defined as the overall program that

ensures that the final results reported by the laboratory are

correct.

The aim of quality control is simply to ensure that the results

generated by the test are correct. However, quality assurance is

concerned with much more: that the right test is carried out on theright specimen, and that the right result and right interpretation is

delivered to the right person at the right time



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Many laboratorians think of quality management, and the focus on

error and safety as something new and current. Nothing could be

further from the truth. While it may be true that today we have manymore organizations, information sources, and agencies available today,

the quest for quality partnerships has always been with us.

Laboratories have always depended upon guidance developing

organizations, such as CLSI (formerly NCCLS) for assistance inprocedures, and accreditation programs to challenge us.

Every laboratory knows and understands that the quality of the

laboratory is directly related to the quality and reliability of the

equipment and reagents they use, and the companies that supply them.

And the role of public demand is loud and clear. Quality is the result

of a true team effort.



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Why do laboratory errors occur?

Quality

Control &

Assessment

Poor

Workload

Management

Understaffed

Non-validated

Tests

InadequateAttention

To Detail

Time

Pressures

Poor Results

Verification

Poor

Sample Control

Poor

Quality

Management



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Variables that affect the quality

of results

The educational background and training of the

laboratory personnel

The condition of the specimens The controls used in the test runs

Reagents

Equipment

The interpretation of the results

The transcription of results

The reporting of results



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