biomolecules mrs. mckinney pap biology. 4 biomolecules include that consist of which contain that...

Biomolecules

Mrs. McKinneyPAP Biology

4 Biomolecules

include

that consist of

which contain

that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain

Section 2-3

Fill-in the concept map and use your chart to compare the biomolecules – draw the structure under each category.

CarbonCompounds

include

that consist of

which contain

that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain

Section 2-3

Concept Map

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

Sugars and starches

Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

phosphorus

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,

nitrogen,

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall1

Macromolecules

Proteins Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Monomers (M) (Building Blocks)

(Building Blocks

4 Classes of Organic Compounds

All Contain Carbon

starches

cellulose

glycogen

CHO

steroids

oils

fats

waxes

CHO

CHONS

CHONP

muscle fibers

cytoskeleton

enzymes

M= Amino Acids

M= Nucleotides

M= Fatty Acids and

Glycerol

M=Sugars

RNA

DNA

Carbohydrates

C H O 1: 2: 1

Monomer: Sugar Main source of

energy, especially short term energy

Used for genetic material, which codes for traits

Monomer: Nucleotide C H O N P

DNA: A C G T

Monosaccharide: simple sugar

Disaccharide: double (two) sugars

Polysaccharide: many (large) sugars

RNA: A G C U

Carbohydrates

Glucose,

Starch,

Cellulose, Glycogen

Nucleic Acids

DNA, RNA, ATP

Macromolecules

Lipids

Fats, Oils,

Waxes

Proteins Enzymes, Cell structure

Saturated: only C-C single bonds

Unsaturated: at least 1 C = C double bond

Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids + glycerol Bonded by: Peptide Bonds Used for antibodies, muscle

C H O

Monomer: Triglyceride

Used for long term energy storage

movement, enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, and to store amino acids

Monomer: Amino Acid

C H O N (S)

Warm-Up

• Title: Biomolecules• Date:

• List the percentages of each:– Fat– Carbohydrates– Protein

• Describe how each one is important to you? How do they help your body?

What am a I learning today????

• Identify biomolecules.• Compare the structure and functions of

biomolecules known as:– Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic acids

• AHHHHH……WHAT???? Let’s simplify these terms.

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates:– Aka: sugars – glucose, sucrose,

fructose, etc– Function: Provide energy

• Lipids:– Aka: fats – triglycerides,

saturated/unsaturated– Function: Long-term energy,

insulation

Biomolecules

• Proteins:– Aka: Amino acids –– Function: build muscle, bones, pretty

much the body

• Nucleic Acids:– Aka: DNA/RNA – your genetic code– Function: Instructions for your cell –

the BIG BOSS

So lets think about this….

• Bio-molecules make:– Organelles (tiny cell organs)– Cells– Tissue– Organ– Organ systes– Organsism

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,

found in food help make me along

with nucleic acids!!!!

How about orange juice?

Carbohydrates???

Lipids???

Proteins???

How about meat?

Carbohydrates???

Lipids???

Proteins???

How about ice cream?

Carbohydrates???

Lipids???Proteins???

List the 4 Biomolecules

• 1. Carbohydrates• 2. Lipids• 4. Proteins• 5. Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules Chart

• As we go through the powerpoint, fill in your chart.

• Using a Index Card you will draw an example of each Biomolcule

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

.Fill this in on the side of your chart

Monomers – single unit

Polymers – many single units joined together


Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• lipids

Copy this on the top of your chart.


Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms,

Ratio of 1 : 2 : 1.


Carbohydrates

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Source of Energy for cell function


Carbohydrates

Different sizes of carbohydrates:

Monosaccharides – single (1) sugar (glucose- C6H12O6, fructose)

Disaccharides – double (2) sugar (sucrose-C12H22O11)

Polysaccharides – many sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose)


Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides: Starches and sugars - examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy.

Examples:Cellulose - plants make it for cell walls

Starch - (long chain of glucose)

Glycogen – stored in humans

• Show me what you know:

• On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.

• Let’s try it out!!!



2–3

Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as

a. lipids.

b. monosaccharides.

c. proteins.

d. polysaccharides.


2–3

Which of the following statements about cellulose is true?

a. Animals make it and use it to store energy.

b. Plants make it and use it to store energy.

c. Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton.

d. Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells.


Proteins

macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

- Monomer: amino acids.

- Polymer: protein (polypeptide chain)


Proteins

Amino Acids: connected by peptide bonds


ProteinsFunction of Proteins

Instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA.

AminoAcids

Protein Molecule


Proteins

Some functions of proteins:

–Control rate of reactions – Enzymes

–Used to form bones and muscles

–Transport substances into or out of cells

–Help to fight disease - antibodies


2–3

Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because

a. they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups.

b. they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures.

c. they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

d. their R groups can be either acidic or basic.


2–3

A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that

a. plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins.

b. proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not.

c. polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids.

d. proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not.


Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)


Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

nucleotides – monomers of Nucleic Acids.

Monomer: nucleotides

Polymer: DNA or RNA


Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides consist of three parts:

• a 5-carbon sugar

• a phosphate group

• a nitrogenous base


Lipids

Lipids

not soluble in water.

Common categories of lipids are:

fats

oils

waxes

steroids


Lipids

Function of Lipids:

Used to store energy.

Important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.


Lipids

glycerol Fatty acid

• Triglyceride



2–3

Many lipids are formed from glycerol and

a. fatty acids.

b. monosaccharides.

c. amino acids.

d. nucleic acids.

Write this down on the back

Monomer + monomer = polymer

Glucose + glucose = carbs

Amino acid + amino acid = protein

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = lipid

Nucleotide + nucleotide = nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

biomolecules mrs. mckinney pap biology. 4 biomolecules include that consist of which contain that...

Documents

biomolecules carbohydrates

cellulose slide

function of carbohydrates

insulation slide

biomolcule slide

cell function slide

biomolecules proteins

big boss slide