biomolecules
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TO
BIOCHEMISTRY!
All LIVING things are mostly made of 4 types of
molecules called BIOMOLECULES.
BIOMOLECULES are very large molecules of many ATOMS covalently bonded together All BIOMOLECULES
contain CARBON (C)
4 categories of BIOMOLECULESproteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
ENERGY is stored in the COVALENT BONDS of these large molecules. When we eat, we get energy to live as chemical reactions within our bodies break these bonds.
Our bodies can then use the parts of these large molecules to build new molecules that build our bodies.
PROTEINS• Build muscle, bone, structural support of the cell, etc.
• Function as enzymes to speed chemical reactions within the body
• Function as pigments and steroid hormonesMade of
many AMINO ACIDS bonded together in a long chain.
C, H, O, N
MONOMER POLYMER CELL STRUCTURE
amino acid protein chainmuscle fiber
PROTEIN
CARBOHYDRATES
• Store ENERGY
•Provide some structure
Made of many SUGARS bonded together in a LONG CHAIN
Composed of C, H, and O
Single sugar molecule
MONOMER POLYMERCELL STUCTURE
sugar starch starch grains in chloroplasts
CARBOHYDRATE
LIPIDS
• Store ENERGY
• Form cell membranes
• Act as chemical messengers (steroid hormones)
Composed of C, H, and O
A GLYCEROL with 3 FATTY ACID CHAINS
Can be SATURATED or UNSATURATED depending on type of BONDS
fatty acid fat molecule adipose (fat) cells
SUBUNIT MOLECULE CELL STRUCTURE
LIPID
NUCLEIC ACIDS• Store genetic information
• Direct the production of PROTEINS
Composed of C, H, N, O, P
Made of many NUCLEOTIDES bonded together in a long chain
MONOMER POLYMER CELL STRUCTURE
Nucleotide DNA strandchromosome
NUCLEIC ACID