89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.

URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

ZIGBEE Based Patient Monitoring System&PC

Interfacing to gsm

The HEART BEAT

Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac

cycle. It is considered one of the four vital signs. Usually it is

calculated as the number of contractions (heart beats) of the heart in

one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm). See "Heart"

for information on embryofetal heart rates. The heart beats up to 120

times per minute in childhood.

When resting, the average adult human heart beats at about 70 bpm

(males) and 75 bpm (females); however, this rate varies among

people and can be significantly lower in athletes. The infant/neonatal

rate of heartbeat is around 130-150 bpm, the toddler's about 100–130

bpm, the older child's about 90–110 bpm, and the adolescent's about

80–100 bpm.

89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.

URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

The pulse is the most commonly used method of measuring the heart

rate. This method may be inaccurate in cases of low cardiac output, as

happens in some arrhythmias, where the heart rate may be

considerably higher than the pulse rate.

Monitoring Body Temperature

Normal human body temperature, also known as normothermia or

euthermia, is a concept that depends upon the place in the body at

which the measurement is made, and the time of day and level of

activity of the person. There is no single number that represents a

normal or healthy temperature for all people under all circumstances

using any place of measurement.

Different parts of the body have different temperatures. Rectal and

vaginal measurements, or measurements taken directly inside the

body cavity, are typically slightly higher than oral measurements, and

oral measurements are somewhat higher than skin temperature. The

commonly accepted average core body temperature (taken internally)

is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). The typical oral (under the tongue) measurement

is 36.8±0.7 °C, or 98.2±1.3 °F.

The time of day and other circumstances also affects the body's

temperature. The core body temperature of an individual tends to

have the lowest value in the second half of the sleep cycle; the lowest

point, called the nadir, is one of the primary markers for circadian

rhythms. The body temperature also changes when a person is

hungry, sleepy, or cold. So it is must to keep monitoring the body

temperature of a patient. What is Zigbee:

89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.

URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

The name "ZigBee" is derived from the erratic zigging patterns many

bees make between flowers when collecting pollen. This is evocative of

the invisible webs of connections existing in a fully wireless

environment.. ZigBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high

level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios

based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area

networks (WPANs), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell

phones via short-range radio. The technology is intended to be simpler

and cheaper than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. ZigBee is targeted

at radio-frequency (RF) applications which require a low data rate,

long battery life, and secure networking.

Idea Using this Zigbee Technology we designed a system which

regularly monitors a Person’s Heart beat rate and body temperature

and reports to a system connected on a network through wireless

media.

Working of the project: Any old person, or a heart patient needs for constant monitoring

of their Heartbeat and body temperature. Our project can be kept

even in houses, where we can constantly monitor the above said

parameters. This project can also be used in the ICU or in operation

Theaters to identify the Heart Beat Rate and body temperature of the

patient. The sensor used for this detection can he simply housed on

the patient’s finger. The sensor detects pumping of the heart and

produces a voltage output. This is then transferred to the computer.

In the computer the output is plotted with respect to the real time to

the heart beat rate. The Heartbeat Rate per minute is also given on

89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.

URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

Patient 1

the computer. For sensing body temperature we have used thermistor

as a transducer. These information can be stored on the computer

and can be used to analyze a status of the patient.

Information in Doctors Mobile:

The heart beat rate and temperature is sent to a doctor’s mobile

phone in abnormal cases

cpu

RS 232

Mobile Phone Nokia 3310

Remote Mobile Phone: Abnrmal Heartbeat 65BPM

Heart Beat Sensor

Voltage Divider

PIC Microcontroller PIC16F877

Power Supply

Thermistor Voltage Follower

89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.

URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

Patient 1

Heart Beat Sensor

Voltage Divider

PIC Microcontroller PIC16F877

Power Supply

Thermistor Voltage Follower