Biology TodayThird Edition

Chapter 14

Drugs and Addiction

Copyright © 2004 by Garland Science

Eli Minkoff • Pam Baker

Exam 4 Wednesday

Chapters

12 Cell division/Cancer13 Nervous system14 Drugs and addiction

Drugs and Addictions

What are they?How do they get into the body?How do they get around ?How do they get eliminated ?

“drugs”

Physician/patient: treat disease

Counselor/addict:psychoactive drugs (alter mind)

chemicals that alter biological processes (except supplying energy and nutrients)

Fig. 14-1a

Fig. 14-1c

Fig. 14-1c

low O2

high CO2

high O2

low CO2

alveolus

high O2

low CO2

externalrespiration

ingest

injection

inhale

Drugs and Addictions

How do they get into the body?

Into the blood via the lungsDirectly into the blood via needlesInto the blood via the gut

Drugs and Addictions

How do they get into the body?How do they get around ?

low O2

high CO2

high O2

low CO2

alveolus

high O2

low CO2

externalrespiration

internalrespiration

high O2

low CO2

low O2

high CO2

low O2

high CO2

cells/tissues

Drugs and Additions

How do they get into the body?How do they get around ?How do they get eliminated ?

How do drugs get eliminated ?

via the liver(metabolic breakdown)

via the kidney(excretion)

Figure 14.2 (1)

Figure 14.2 (2)

Figure 14.2 (3)

In blood:

amino acidsglucoseminerals (Na+, K+, Ca++,…)H2Odrugsetc…wastes (urea)

diabetes (flow through)

diabetes mellitus

insulin takes glucose out of bloodif not, glucose make urine sweet

(honey)

diabetes insipidus

ADH take water out of urine;if not, too much water is lost

(tasteless)

Drugs and Additions

How do they get into the body?How do they get around ?How do they get eliminated ?

Figure 14.2 (3)

Chapter 14

Drugs and Addiction

A. General QuestionsHow do drugs get into the body? (lungs, etc.)How do drugs get around in the body?(blood)How do drugs get eliminated from the body?

Liver metabolic breakdownKidney excretion

B. Kidneys and excretion

nephron and parts

filtration, reabsorption and secretion

diabetes mellitus vs diabetes insipidus

Chapter 14

Drugs and Addiction

C. More terms

half lifereceptors and neurotransmittersdrug interactions

different typespsychoactive drugs

list, general affectsaddiction, withdrawl and toleranceFASSocial questions (Concluding remarks; BT3 pg, 536)

Drug half-life

time is takes for half of the drug to disappear

Figure 14.3a

Figure 14.3b

Drug receptors

Many cells need to have a specific receptor to respond to a drug

Many drugs work by altering effects of neurotransmitters

agonistic work withantagonistic work against

Figure 14.4

Drug interactions

Fig. 14-5

Drug safety

Prescription OTC (over the counter)Psychoactive drugs

Psychoactive drugs

OpiatesmarijuananicotineamphetaminesLSDcaffeinealcohol

narcoticsmedicine?stimulantstimulantshallucinogengen. stim.depressant

Psychoactive drugs

OpiatesmarijuananicotineamphetaminesLSDcaffeinealcohol

Many of these are addictive

Psychoactive drugs

OpiatesmarijuananicotineamphetaminesLSDcaffeinealcohol

All cause problems

Figure 14.6

(USA, 1991)

Figure 14.7 (1)

Figure 14.7 (2)

Drugs

Addiction

Tolerance

Withdrawl

physiologicalpsychological

Fig. 14-8

Figure 14.9

FAS (FAE)

Fetal alcohol syndrome (effect)

physical disabilitieslearning disabilities

If you might become a parent……don’t drink

Women

alcohol abuse “before conception correlates with decreased fetal growth, even when the mother abstains during pregnancy itself.”

BT3, pg. 532

Men

Alcohol consumption (5 or more drinks/day)…decreased # sperm

Drug laws ?

Concluding remarks, pg. 536, BT3

Exam 4 Wednesday

Chapters

12 Cell division/Cancer13 Nervous system14 Drugs and addiction