biology test 4
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biology Test 4TRANSCRIPT
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Biology test 3
Total score:-99/100 = 99% Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 100 1.-gnw4k 11-7 -The D gene controls pea plant height. The DD and dd genotypes confer tall and dwarf phenotypes, respectively. What is the relationship between D and d?
A. -They are two possible heterozygous genotypes.-- -
B. -They are two different genes on the same chromosome.-- -
C. -They are two different plant chromosomes.-- -
D. -They are alleles of the same gene.-100% - -
E. -They are two possible homozygous genotypes.-- -
2.-gnw4k 11-52 -What is the basis of codominance?
A. -Each allele of a gene produces a protein that functions to create a trait.-100% - -
B. -One gene has many effects.-- -
C. -There is only one allele for a gene.-- -
D. -One gene has many alleles.-- -
E. -One allele of a gene encodes a protein, and the other allele is nonfunctional.-- -
3.-gnw4k 11-13 -A and a are dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, of the same gene. Which genotype(s) would result in an individual with the recessive phenotype?
A. -Aa only-- -
B. -AA only-- -
C. -Aa or aa-- -
D. -aa only-100% - -
E. -AA or aa-- - 4.-gnw4k 11-22 -Dimpled cheeks are dominant to undimpled cheeks. If there exists a 50 percent chance that a child will have dimpled cheeks, the parental genotypes must be:
A. -Dd and Dd.-- -
B. -DD and Dd.-- -
C. -dd and dd.-- -
D. -DD and dd.-- -
E. -Dd and dd.-100% - -
5.-gnw4k 11-10 -Crossing red flowering snapdragons with white flowering snapdragons yields seeds that grow into snapdragons with pink flowers. This suggests that:
A. -incomplete dominance is occurring.-100% - -
B. -pink flower are dominant.-- -
C. -red flowers are dominant.-- -
D. -white flowers are dominant.-- -
6.-gnw4k 11-2 -What is the term for an observable trait of an organism?
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A. -phenotype-100% - -
B. -allele-- -
C. -genotype-- -
D. -pleiotropy-- -
E. -element-- - 7.-gnw4k 11-15 -Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a recessive allele. A child has CF, even though neither of his parents has CF. This couple also has a child who does not have CF. What is the probability he or she is heterozygous?
A. -2/3-- -
B. -1/3-- -
C. -3/4-- -
D. -1/4-- -
E. -2/4-100% - -
8.-gnw4k 11-16 -Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a recessive allele. A child has CF, even though neither of his parents has CF. If this couple has another child, what is the probability he or she will not have CF?
A. -2/3-- -
B. -1/4-- -
C. -3/4-100% - -
D. -2/4-- -
E. -1/3-- - 9.-gnw4k 11-19 -Widow's-peak hairline in humans is dominant to non-widow's-peak hairline. If a person has a widow's-peak hairline, what is his or her genotype?
A. -It must be heterozygous.-- -
B. -It is either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.-- -
C. -It is either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.-100% - -
D. -It must be homozygous recessive.-- -
E. -It must be homozygous dominant.-- -
10.-gnw4k 11-51 -A person with the genotype IA IB has type AB blood. This is an example of:
A. -pleiotropy.-- -
B. -incomplete dominance.-- -
C. -the effect of the environment on phenotype.-- -
D. -codominance.-100% - -
E. -dihybridness.-- - 11.-gnw4k 11-50 -A, B, and O blood type in humans is controlled by a single gene with three alleles: IA, IB and i. Type O is the recessive trait. The i allele is recessive to both IA and IB. Which of the following could be possible genotypes of the parents of a person with type O blood?
A. -IA IB and ii-- -
B. -IAi and IA IA-- -
C. -IA IB and IA IB-- -
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D. -IAi and IBi-100% - -
E. -both parents must be ii-- -
12.-gnw4k 11-12 -A and a are dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, of the same gene. Which genotype(s) would result in an individual with the dominant phenotype?
A. -only Aa-- -
B. -AA and aa-- -
C. -AA and Aa-100% - -
D. -Aa and aa-- -
E. -only AA-- - 13.-gnw4k 11-28 -What is the physical basis for the independent assortment observation that Mendel made?
A. -Male and female gametes are produced in separate organs in separate individuals.-- -
B. -There are two chromosome divisions in meiosis.-- -
C. -Sister chromatids do not separate until meiosis II.-- -
D. -Homologous chromosomes are randomly separated during meiosis I.-100% - -
E. -Recombination (crossing over) occurs in meiosis.-- - 14.-gnw4k 11-18 -The genotype Ff is an example of:
A. -a dihybrid genotype.-- -
B. -a monohybrid genotype.-- -
C. -a trait controlled by multiple genes.-- -
D. -a heterozygous genotype.-100% - -
E. -a homozygous genotype.-- - 15.-gnw4k 11-6 -Mendel postulated that individuals have "elements in pairs" that determine a single phenotype. What are the paired elements?
A. -two alleles of a gene on homologous chromosomes-100% - -
B. -pairs of sister chromatids-- -
C. -pairs of centromeres-- -
D. -a sperm and an egg-- -
E. -two haploid sets of chromosomes-- - 16.-gnw4k 11-20 -In humans, "unattached" earlobes are dominant over "attached" earlobes. A woman and a man, both with unattached earlobes, have a child with attached earlobes. What is the probability their next child will have attached earlobes?
A. -1/4-100% - -
B. -4/4-- -
C. -0-- -
D. -3/4-- -
E. -2/4-- -
17.-gnw4k 11-53 -The phenotype of an organism can be influenced by:
A. -its genotype under some conditions and its environment under others.-- -
B. -its genotype.-- -
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C. -neither genotype nor environment.-- -
D. -its environment.-- -
E. -both its environment and its genotype.-100% - - 18.-gnw4k 11-48 -What is the significance of multiple alleles?
A. -They allow diversity of traits in the population.-100% - -
B. -It is possible to do dihybrid crosses only if a gene has more than two alleles.-- -
C. -They are the reason one gene can affect more than one character.-- -
D. -They are the reason the environment can affect characters.-- -
E. -They make it possible for one person to have more than two alleles for a gene.-- -
19.-gnw4k 11-29 -The Law of Independent Assortment states that:
A. -in meiosis, crossing over creates genetically diverse gametes.-- -
B. -generation of male and female gametes must occur in separate organisms.-- -
C. -in gamete formation, gene pairs are transmitted independently of each other.-100% -
D. -in fertilization, the combining of sperm and eggs is random.-- -
E. -in any dihybrid cross, it is possible to get any combination of phenotypes.-- - 20.-gnw4k 11-14 -Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a recessive allele. A child has CF, even though neither of his parents has CF. What can you conclude about the parents?
A. -One is homozygous recessive for the CF gene, and the other is heterozygous.-- -
B. -One is homozygous dominant for the CF gene, and the other is heterozygous.-- -
C. -They are both homozygous recessive for the CF gene.-- -
D. -They are both homozygous dominant for the CF gene.-- -
E. -They are both heterozygous for the CF gene.-100% - - 21.-gnw4k 11-3 -Which type of allele, or allelic combination, can be present in an individual without affecting phenotype?
A. -homozygous dominant-- -
B. -heterozygous dominant-- -
C. -homozygous recessive-- -
D. -dominant-- -
E. -recessive-100% - -
22.-gnw4k 11-41 -When Mendel crossed heterozygotes for flower color and seed color, what proportion of the offspring had both dominant phenotypes?
A. -9/16-100% - -
B. -1/3-- -
C. -3/16-- -
D. -3/4-- -
E. -1/16-- -
23.-gnw4k 11-47 -Which type of inheritance is most likely to display a bell curve of phenotypes?
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-Student Response-Value-Correct Answer-Feedback
A. -monohybrid cross-- -
B. -incomplete dominance-- -
C. -multiple alleles-- -
D. -codominance-- -
E. -polygenic inheritance-100% - - 24.-gnw4k 11-44 -What is the basis for incomplete dominance?
A. -Both alleles of a gene produce weakly functioning proteins.-- -
B. -An individual has more than two alleles for a gene.-- -
C. -One allele produces some functioning protein; the other allele is nonfunctional.-100% - -
D. -Crossing over has switched alleles for a gene on homologous chromosomes.-- -
E. -One gene has many effects.-- - 25.-gnw4k 12-37 -If a zygote has the genotype XYY, how many total chromosomes were in the sperm before it fused with the egg?
A. -24-100% - -
B. -20-- -
C. -21-- -
D. -22-- -
E. -23-- - 26.-gnw4k 12-22 -In a pedigree chart, a darkened square is trying to demonstrate:
A. -a diseased female.-- -
B. -a normal male.-- -
C. -a normal female.-- -
D. -a diseased male.-100% - -
E. -none of the above.-- - 27.-gnw4k 12-10 -If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she probably inherited the trait from:
A. -her grandmother.-- -
B. -her father.-- -
C. -neither parent.-- -
D. -her mother.-- -
E. -both parents.-100% - -
28.-gnw4k 12-51 -Cri-du-chat syndrome babies are mentally challenged and have an abnormal larynx that makes sounds like the cry of a cat. This is due to:
A. -inversion in chromosome 2.-- -
B. -translocation between chromosome 9 and 22.-- -
C. -trisomy 21.-- -
D. -deletion in chromosome 5.-100% - -
E. -duplication in chromosome 7.-- - 29.-gnw4k 12-18
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-What condition is caused by a dominant allele of a single gene?
A. -sickle-cell anemia-- -
B. -color blindness-- -
C. -Down syndrome-- -
D. -Huntington disease-100% - -
E. -Turner syndrome-- - 30.-gnw4k 12-25 -Much genetic information can be derived from pedigrees (family genetic histories). This is the primary method for obtaining genetic information for humans because:
A. -humans cannot be crossed experimentally.-100% - -
B. -humans have many chromosomes.-- -
C. -other animals have long life spans.-- -
D. -we know relatively little about human genetics.-- - 31.-gnw4k 12-27 -The state of having more than two sets of chromosomes is called:
A. -nondisjunction.-- -
B. -polyploidy.-100% - -
C. -aneuploidy.-- -
D. -autosomal.-- -
E. -dominant.-- - 32.-gnw4k 12-42 -What single attribute determines that a human fetus is male?
A. -the absence of a Y chromosome.-- -
B. -the absence of a second X chromosome.-- -
C. -the presence of a Y chromosome.-100% - -
D. -the presence of two X chromosomes.-- - 33.-gnw4k 12-20 -What is the connection between sickle-cell anemia and malaria?
A. -Heterozygotes for sickle-cell anemia have some resistance to malaria.-100% - -
B. -Both are autosomal recessive.-- -
C. -Both are dominant.-- -
D. -Heterozygotes for malaria have some resistance to sickle-cell anemia.-- -
E. -Both are X-linked.-- -
34.-gnw4k 12-49 -Which of the following is NOT a type of chromosomal defect?
A. -translocation-- -
B. -duplication-- -
C. -inversion-- -
D. -crossing over-100% - -
E. -deletion-- -
35.-gnw4k 12-52 -A chromosome that has been broken and is lost:
A. -translocation-- -
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B. -aneuploidy-- -
C. -deletion-100% - -
D. -inversion-- -
E. -duplication-- - 36.-gnw4k 12-2 -A woman who does not carry the color-blindness allele has children with a man who is color blind. What proportion of their children will be color blind?
A. -all-- -
B. -1/4-- -
C. -3/4-- -
D. -1/2-- -
E. -none-100% - - 37.-gnw4k 12-13 -An autosomal recessive disorder:
A. -will appear only in children of parents who both carry the gene.-100% - -
B. -displays its symptoms only in heterozygotes.-- -
C. -is more frequent in males than females.-- -
D. -requires that only one parent be a carrier.-- -
E. -is dominant in females.-- - 38.-gnw4k 12-16 -A person who is heterozygous for the Huntington disease (HD) allele has offspring with someone who does not have HD. What proportion of their children will have HD?
A. -1/8-- -
B. -1/2-100% - -
C. -1/16-- -
D. -1/10-- -
E. -1/4-- - 39.-gnw4k 12-12 -Color blindness is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. A color-blind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was color blind have a son. The probability that their son is color blind is:
A. -0.75 (or 75 percent).-- -
B. -1.00 (or 100 percent).-- -
C. -0.50 (or 50 percent).-100% - -
D. -0.25 (or 25 percent).-- -
E. -none of these-- -
40.-gnw4k 12-21 -If a disease is autosomal recessive like sickle-cell anemia, it is caused by:
A. -failure to inherit one of the autosomes.-- -
B. -a gene on a chromosome other than an autosome.-- -
C. -a gene on a chromosome other than X or Y.-100% - -
D. -failure to inherit one of the sex chromosomes.-- -
E. -inheritance of an extra autosome.-- - 41.-gnw4k 12-29 -What is nondisjunction?
A. -failure of cells to divide by cytokinesis in meiosis-- -
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B. -failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate in meiosis-100% - -
C. -an extra duplication of the chromosomes before mitosis or meiosis-- -
D. -failure of sperm and egg to fuse in fertilization-- -
E. -failure of chromosomes to duplicate before mitosis or meiosis-- - 42.-gnw4k 12-1 -A woman who is a carrier for the hemophilia gene has a child with a man who does not have hemophilia. Which prediction is correct?
A. -Half of the sons and half of the daughters will have hemophilia.-- -
B. -Half of the sons and none of the daughters will have hemophilia.-100% - -
C. -Half of the daughters and none of the sons will have hemophilia.-- -
D. -All of the sons and none of the daughters will have hemophilia.-- -
E. -All of the daughters and none of the sons will have hemophilia.-- - 43.-gnw4k 12-45 -Which condition is caused by a chromosomal deletion?
A. -sickle-cell anemia-- -
B. -cri-du-chat syndrome-100% - -
C. -Turner syndrome-- -
D. -Down syndrome-- -
E. -Huntington disease-- - 44.-gnw4k 12-19 -Which disease is autosomal and results in misshapen cells that clog capillaries?
A. -Huntington disease-- -
B. -sickle-cell anemia-100% - -
C. -malaria-- -
D. -hemophilia-- -
E. -Turner syndrome-- - 45.-gnw4k 12-15 -If a disease is caused by a dominant allele, it means that a person with the disease:
A. -will pass it on to one-fourth of their children.-- -
B. -must be heterozygous for the allele.-- -
C. -could be either homozygous or heterozygous for the allele.-100% - -
D. -will always pass it on to all their children.-- -
E. -must be homozygous dominant for the allele.-- -
46.-gnw4k 12-28 -What is one difference between polyploidy and aneuploidy?
A. -Polyploidy causes diseases and disorders in humans, aneuploidy does not.-- -
B. -Humans can be viable as polyploids but not as aneuploids.-- -
C. -Polyploidy is one extra chromosome; aneuploidy is one missing chromosome.-- -
D. -Polyploidy is extra sex chromosomes; aneuploidy is extra autosomes.-- -
E. -Polyploidy is extra sets of chromosomes; aneuploidy does not increase by a full set.-100%
47.-gnw4k 12-31 -A nondisjunction event creates a human egg with one extra chromosome. If it is fertilized by a normal sperm, what is the total number of chromosomes in the zygote?
A. -45-- -
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B. -47-100% - -
C. -22-- -
D. -23-- -
E. -46-- - 48.-gnw4k 12-7 -Who is a "carrier" of X-linked disorders, such as hemophilia and color blindness?
A. -a male carrying the nonfunctioning allele-- -
B. -a heterozygous female who is normal but carries one nonfunctioning allele-100% - -
C. -a person who has the X-linked disorder-- -
D. -a homozygous female who carries the normal alleles-- -
E. -a male carrying the functioning allele-- - 49.-gnw4k 12-14 -What causes sickle-cell anemia?
A. -a defective hemoglobin that prevents the formation of blood clots-- -
B. -a single-celled parasite transmitted by a mosquito-- -
C. -an extra X chromosome that results in production of too much hemoglobin-- -
D. -complete lack of hemoglobin-- -
E. -a form of hemoglobin that is misshaped and thus distorts RBC-100% - - 50.-gnw4k 12-46 -When a fragment breaks from a chromosome and rejoins it, in a flipped orientation, the result is called a(n):
A. -aneuploidy.-- -
B. -inversion.-100% - -
C. -translocation.-- -
D. -deletion.-- -
E. -polyploidy.-- - 51.-gnw4k 13-16 -What is the relationship between any two strands of DNA?
A. -They are a pair of sister chromatids.-- -
B. -An A base on one always pairs with a G base on the other.-- -
C. -They are connected to each other by sugar-phosphate bonds.-- -
D. -One was the template for the synthesis of the other.-100% - -
E. -They have identical base sequences.-- -
52.-gnw4k 13-40 -Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
Which of the following choices is an example of a point mutation?
A. -failure of a chromosome to be replicated-- -
B. -pairing of a G on one strand of DNA with a C on the other-- -
C. -loss or gain of a chromosome-- -
D. -pairing of a G on one strand of DNA with a T on the other-100% - -
E. -failure of a chromosome to complete replication-- - 53.-gnw4k 13-15 -What is the function of DNA polymerase?
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A. -breaking sugar-phosphate bonds to release free nucleotides for DNA synthesis-- -
B. -halting DNA replication if a cell becomes cancerous-- -
C. -synthesizing nucleotides from free sugars, phosphates, and bases-- -
D. -matching complementary bases on nucleotides during DNA replication-100% - -
E. -introducing mutations into DNA for evolutionary adaptation-- - 54.-gnw4k 13-24 -If the sequence TCGTA was used as a template in DNA replication, what would the sequence of bases be on the newly synthesized strand?
A. -TCGTA-- -
B. -AGCAT-100% - -
C. -CTACG-- -
D. -ATGCT-- -
E. -GCATC-- - 55.-gnw4k 13-11 -What units are bonded together to make a strand of DNA?
A. -nucleotides-100% - -
B. -enzymes-- -
C. -cells-- -
D. -chromatids-- -
E. -proteins-- - 56.-gnw4k 13-45 -What is the benefit of mutations?
A. -They create cancerous cells, which grow faster than others.-- -
B. -They increase the amount of crossing over.-- -
C. -They eliminate unneeded regions of chromosomes.-- -
D. -They create new alleles of genes.-100% - -
E. -They slow DNA polymerase down so it doesn't replicate DNA too quickly.-- -
57.-gnw4k 13-18 -What are the products of the replication of one DNA molecule?
A. -four identical double-stranded DNA molecules-- -
B. -two strands joined into one double-stranded DNA molecule-- -
C. -two identical double-stranded DNA molecules-100% - -
D. -a pair of homologous chromosomes-- -
E. -a set of four sister chromatids-- - 58.-gnw4k 13-10 -What parts of a chromosome specify the amino acid sequence of a protein?
A. -the sequence of bases-100% - -
B. -the pattern of sugars-- -
C. -the pattern of phosphates-- -
D. -the types of bonds-- - 59.-gnw4k 13-47 -What happens if an incorrect nucleotide is not removed and replaced by the cell's DNA-correcting machinery?
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A. -A point mutation has occurred.-100% - -
B. -The cell will become cancerous.-- -
C. -The entire chromosome must be destroyed.-- -
D. -The result is a chromosomal aberration.-- -
E. -The effect will be lethal, and the cell will die.-- - 60.-gnw4k 13-49 -What is the relationship between mutations and cancer?
A. -Only a mutation can stop a cell once it becomes cancerous.-- -
B. -Any point mutation will cause a cell to start proliferating without control.-- -
C. -Cells do not require mutations to become cancerous but acquire them as they divide.-- -
D. -Some mutations cause cells to lose control over cell division.-100% - -
E. -Cells lose the ability to mutate their DNA and evolve once they become cancerous.-- - 61.-gnw4k 13-21 -A base pair is a unit of DNA that consists of:
A. -one nucleotide.-- -
B. -one sugar bonded to one phosphate.-- -
C. -two identical chromosomes.-- -
D. -a single chromosome.-- -
E. -two nucleotides, one on each complementary strand of a DNA molecule.-100% - - 62.-gnw4k 13-25 -What is the complementary sequence for a segment of DNA with the sequence ACGGCT?
A. -GTAATC-- -
B. -ACGGCT-- -
C. -TCGGCA-- -
D. -AGCCGT-- -
E. -TGCCGA-100% - - 63.-gnw4k 13-28 -The three components of a DNA nucleotide are:
A. -bases, deoxyribose, and polymerases.-- -
B. -genes, sugars, and bases.-- -
C. -amino acids, phosphates, and deoxyribose.-- -
D. -phosphates, sugars, and bases.-100% - -
E. -polymerases, ligases, and sugars.-- - 64.-gnw4k 13-27 -In DNA, A, C, G, and T stand for:
A. -the types of genes found on DNA chromosomes.-- -
B. -the different types of phosphates on the nucleotides.-- -
C. -the different types of sugars on the nucleotides.-- -
D. -the different types of bonds that form between nucleotides.-- -
E. -the different types of bases on the nucleotides.-100% - - 65.-gnw4k 13-13 -What is one way that incorrect nucleotides are removed from a newly synthesized molecule of DNA?
A. -DNA ligases remove incorrect nucleotides for replacement by DNA polymerases.-- -
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B. -DNA polymerases remove incorrect nucleotides and replace them with correct ones.-100% -
-
C. -DNA ligases both remove and replace incorrectly positioned nucleotides.-- -
D. -Crossing over replaces regions with DNA errors with new segments of DNA.-- -
E. -Any DNA strand with an error is destroyed, and an entire new strand is synthesized.-- - 66.-gnw4k 13-35 -Cancer is a disease caused by mutations. Yet in most instances if one of your parents tragically died from cancer, this does not put you at greater risk than a person whose parents do not develop cancer. How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet not be heritable?
A. -Mutations caused by environmental agents such a tobacco smoke cannot be inherited.-- -
B. -Cancer-causing mutations are repaired in offspring but not in parents.-- -
C. -Most cancers arise from mutations in somatic cells.-100% - -
D. -The mutations that cause cancer are special and cannot be passed on regardless of what type of cell they occur in.-- -
E. -Most cancers arise from mutations in germ line cells.-- - 67.-gnw4k 13-48 -What is the difference between whole-chromosome aberrations and point mutations?
A. -Point mutations are the loss of parts of chromosomes; aberrations are the loss of whole chromosomes.-- -
B. -Point mutations affect a single location in the genome; aberrations affect a large section.-
100% - -
C. -Aberrations are not permanent changes in the DNA; point mutations are permanent.-- -
D. -Point mutations are not permanent changes in the DNA; aberrations are permanent.-- - 68.-gnw4k 13-58 -The structure of DNA allows the molecule to store information.
True -100% -True69.-gnw4k 13-41 -What is a point mutation?
A. -a mutation in which one chromosome is lost-- -
B. -a mutation that affects only one metabolic pathway-- -
C. -a mutation found at a single location in the genome-100% - -
D. -an error in DNA that is caused by malfunctioning of DNA ligase-- -
E. -a mutation that affects a single cell-- - 70.-gnw4k 13-46 -What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?
A. -a somatic cell mutation that causes cells to proliferate without control-- -
B. -a mutation that results in defective amino acid synthesis-- -
C. -a mutation that results in defective DNA polymerase-- -
D. -loss of the chromosome with the gene for a blood protein-- -
E. -a point mutation in the gene for hemoglobin protein-100% - - 71.-gnw4k 13-61 -Base-pairing rules apply across the helix, from one strand to another, but not along the sugar-phosphate "handrails"of a DNA strand.
True -100% -True72.-gnw4k 13-19
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-How many different types of bases are used to encode all the genetic information in a molecule of DNA?
A. -4-100% - -
B. -20-- -
C. -10-- -
D. -2-- -
E. -5-- - 73.-gnw4k 13-43 -How do most mutations affect an organism?
A. -They create cancerous cells.-- -
B. -They are beneficial and create a more adapted organism.-- -
C. -They kill the organism.-- -
D. -They affect a single cell but are not passed on to other cells.-- -
E. -They have no effect or are harmful.-100% - -
74.-gnw4k 13-38 -Mutations that occur in somatic cells are:
A. -responsible for the appearance of human diseases like sickle-cell anemia.-- -
B. -never harmful.-- -
C. -passed on to successive generations when they are incorporated into gametes.-- -
D. -always harmful.-- -
E. -not passed on to future generations.-100% - - 75.-gnw4k 13-33 -Given all the bad things that mutations do, it seems counterintuitive that a low rate of mutation is actually good. What good could possibly come of mutation?
A. -Mutation is needed if DNA is ever to be replicated.-- -
B. -Mutation is needed for DNA to encode proteins.-- -
C. -Mutation is essential to prevent cancer.-- -
D. -Mutation is essential if populations are to evolve over time.-100% - -
E. -Mutation is needed when we are fighting an infection.-- - 76.-gnw4k 14-12 -Which process or processes occur in the nucleus?
A. -DNA replication only-- -
B. -DNA replication and transcription-100% - -
C. -DNA replication, transcription, and translation-- -
D. -transcription and translation of RNA-- -
E. -transcription only-- - 77.-gnw4k 14-20 -Use this chart of an analysis of three molecules to answer the questions that follow.
Molecule A-Molecule B-Molecule C20% Cytosine -30% Cytosine-20% Cytosine20% Guanine-20% Guanine-20% Guanine30% Thymine-30% Thymine-30% Uracil30% Adenine -20% Adenine-30% Adenine
Which statement about the molecules above is TRUE in an eukaryotic cell?
A. -Molecule B would move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.-- -
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B. -Molecule C is a double-stranded molecule.-- -
C. -Molecule C would move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.-100% - -
D. -Molecule A would be found in the cytoplasm of a cell.-- -
E. -Molecules A and B are single-stranded molecules.-- - 78.-gnw4k 14-32 -Which of the following does NOT participate in translation?
A. -codon-- -
B. -tRNA-0% - -
C. -intron-- -
D. -mRNA-- -
E. -ribosome-- - 79.-gnw4k 14-36 -If a codon has the sequence CAG, tRNA with which anticodon will bind to it?
A. -GUC-100% - -
B. -CTG-- -
C. -UGA-- -
D. -CAG-- -
E. -GTC-- - 80.-gnw4k 14-23 -If a DNA sequence reads TTGCGATCG, what mRNA will it encode?
A. -UUCGCTUGC-- -
B. -AACGCTAGC-- -
C. -TTGCGUTCG-- -
D. -TTGCGATCG-- -
E. -AACGCUAGC-100% - -
81.-gnw4k 14-7 -________ is/are to proteins as nucleotides are to DNA.
A. -Genes-- -
B. -Amino acids-100% - -
C. -RNA-- -
D. -Codons-- -
E. -Ribosomes-- -
82.-gnw4k 14-2 -Proteins differ from one another because:
A. -the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.-100% -
-
B. -the tRNA attached to the protein differs from protein to protein.-- -
C. -the bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein.-- -
D. -of the length of the mRNA.-- -
E. -the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule.-- - 83.-gnw4k 14-14 -What molecules are the products of transcription?
A. -nucleotides-- -
15
B. -proteins-- -
C. -DNA-- -
D. -amino acids-- -
E. -RNA-100% - - 84.-gnw4k 14-70 -Genes from one organism can function in any other organism.
True -100% -True85.-gnw4k 14-62 -Proteins are polypeptide chains of amino acids, folded into specific three-dimensional shapes.
True -100% -True86.-gnw4k 14-5 -Transcription:
A. -occurs on the ribosome.-- -
B. -occurs in the cytoplasm.-- -
C. -is the final process in the assembly of a protein.-- -
D. -is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.-100% - -
E. -is catalyzed by DNA polymerase.-- -
87.-gnw4k 14-55 -What accounts for the fact that cells in different tissues and organisms have different functions and respond differently to their environments?
A. -They are expressing (using) different genes.-100% - -
B. -They use the same genes to make different proteins.-- -
C. -They have different genes.-- -
D. -Their DNA is different.-- -
E. -They use different genetic codes.-- -
88.-gnw4k 14-57 -How large is the human genome?
A. -3 million base pairs-- -
B. -1 million base pairs-- -
C. -3.2 billion base pairs-100% - -
D. -1 trillion base pairs-- -
E. -10 billion base pairs-- - 89.-gnw4k 14-15Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.Which of the following is involved in both transcription and translation?
A. -DNA-- -
B. -amino acids-- -
C. -ribosomes-- -
D. -messenger RNA-100% - - 90.-gnw4k 14-69 -The presence of the same genetic code in all organisms that have been examined indicates that all living things share a common ancestor.
True -100% -True91.-gnw4k 14-8 -If a DNA segment has the sequence GCTAA, what RNA sequence will be made from it?
A. -CGUTT-- -
16
B. -GCTAA-- -
C. -CGATT-- -
D. -UGATT-- -
E. -CGAUU-100% - - 92.-gnw4k 14-45 -Which of the following is the best definition of a gene based on its chemical structure?
A. -a sequence of three base pairs that codes for an amino acid-- -
B. -a segment of DNA that produces one enzyme-- -
C. -a segment of DNA that produces an RNA-100% - -
D. -a segment of DNA that is functional in the nucleolus-- -
E. -a length of DNA that codes for a regulatory protein-- - 93.-gnw4k 14-25 -Insulin is a protein that is made up of 51 amino acids. It would have been translated from an mRNA transcript that had at least:
A. -1530 nucleotides.-- -
B. -153 nucleotides.-100% - -
C. -50 nucleotides.-- -
D. -300 nucleotides.-- -
E. -1153 nucleotides.-- - 94.-gnw4k 14-19 -If the cells in Sharon's liver began to have problems producing tRNAs, which process, specifically, would be inhibited?
A. -transcription-- -
B. -translation-100% - -
C. -meiosis-- -
D. -duplication-- -
E. -replication-- - 95.-gnw4k 14-10 -Where do mRNA, tRNAs, and amino acids come together to make a protein in a eukaryotic cell?
A. -in the nucleus-- -
B. -at the ribosomes-- -
C. -in the cytoplasm-- -
D. -A and B-- -
E. -B and C-100% - - .-gnw4k 14-66 -During translation, one mRNA can be translated by many ribosomes at once.
True -100% -True97.-gnw4k 14-6 -Which of the following are the components of the RNA nucleotide? A. -thymine-- -
B. -glycine-- -
C. -uracil-100% - -
D. -deoxyribose sugar-- - 98.-gnw4k 14-38 -Introns in genes are:
A. -regions where the RNA polymerase binds-- -
B. -redundant codons.-- -
17
C. -regulatory regions of the genome-- -
D. -base sequences not required to make the protein-100% - -
E. -coding portions of the genome-- - 99.-gnw4k 14-40 -Transfer RNA (tRNA) differs from other types of RNA because it:
A. -carries an amino acid at one end of the molecule and binds with the mRNA with the
anticodon at the other end.-100% - -
B. -is made up of amino acids instead of nucleotides.-- -
C. -carries the codons for amino acid sequence of a particular protein.-- -
D. -transfers genetic instructions from cell nucleus to the cytoplasm.-- - 100.-gnw4k 14-18 -What is a codon?
A. -three genes in a bacterium that are all regulated together-- -
B. -a sequence in DNA that is the binding site for RNA polymerase-- -
C. -three amino acids in a row in a protein-- -
D. -a three-base sequence of mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid-100% - -
E. -a segment of a chromosome that encodes an RNA-- -