biology is a branch of vocabulary - huth...

Introduction to Biology, L. Huth 1 Slide

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Mrs. Huth

Introduction to Biology Notes _____

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?Biology is a Branch of

What is Science? Take a couple minutes to talk with your lab group, and jot down a few ideas to answer the question, “what is science”? _____

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3 VOCABULARYScience

Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence in the natural world.

What is Science? VOCABULARY: Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence in the natural world. This is a photograph of Wildlife Biologists taking samples from a drugged polar bear. They are testing the polar bear for pesticides. Photo: http://www.biologyreference.com/Ve-Z/Wildlife-Biologist.html _____


4 What is Science?Science is a Process

• A way of looking at the world.

• A way of thinking.

• A way of knowing.

What is Science? It is a way of looking at the world, a way of thinking, a way of knowing. This is a photograph of an Ecologist studying the effects of West Nile virus which affects many bird species. Photo: http://news.ucsc.edu/2008/09/2434.html _____

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• Observe theNatural World

• Collect & Organize Information• Look for Patterns & Connections• Suggest explanations based on

evidence

What is Science? • Scientists observe the natural world. • Scientists collect and organize information in an orderly

way, looking for patterns and connections. • Scientists suggest explanations based on evidence. • Then they test those explanations with more evidence. This is a photograph of Cell Biologists working in a lab studying cell parts and how they interact with each other. Photo: http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/cell-biology-people-tools-techniques/ _____

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• Always changing

Science Defined Science never stands still, it is always changing because the world around us is always changing. And, as new technologies are invented, new discoveries are made. This is a photograph of a Conservation Biologists working to sustain renewable resources. Photo: http://biology.byu.edu/Undergraduate/ConservationBiology.aspx _____



• Always changing

What is Science? In fact, your text book was published in 2010 and you will find some of the facts in your textbook have already changed. In science things are rarely “absolute”, it is a process. That makes it exciting. Note: We will not use your textbooks in the classroom, however, I will assign reading and end of chapter questions as homework from them periodically. I have used the textbooks to develop my lesson plans, but I have used a lot of other resources too, so you won’t find “word for word” answers in your text books. Leave them home, or in your lockers. Use my Presentation Notes, and your Work Packets as study guides for tests and in preparation for the ECA. Both are built around the Eight Indiana Biology Standards and focus on the most important things you need to know to prepare you well for that exam. They can be found at HuthScience.weebly.com. _____

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8 Scientific MethodScience is a Process

Scientific Method The scientific method is the organized process in which scientists gather, test and report information. Scientists are always observing their surroundings. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____



Scientific Method Sometimes these observations lead to questions, like: Why do marsh grasses grow taller in some places than others? These questions lead to research. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____

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Scientific Method Then scientists use the information they know to form a hypothesis. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____

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11 VOCABULARYHypothesis

A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: A hypothesis is a scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____



More Nitrogen?

Scientific Method For example, Marsh grass growth is limited by available nitrogen. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____

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Scientific Method Next scientists design a controlled experiment to test their hypothesis. First, scientists are careful to make sure all conditions are the same for both the control group and the experimental group. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____

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14 VOCABULARYControlled Experiment

Experiment in which only one variable is changed.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only one variable is changed. _____


15 VOCABULARYConstants

Conditionsthat do not change in an experiment.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: Constants are conditions that do not change in an experiment. _____

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Scientific Method Then, scientists add an independent variable, in this case nitrogen, to the experimental group. They do not make any changes to the control group. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____

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17 VOCABULARYControl Group

The group in which no changes are made.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: The control group is the group in which no changes are made. ____


18 VOCABULARYExperimental Group

The group in which an independent variable is introduced.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: The experimental group is the group in which an independent variable is introduced. _____

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19 VOCABULARYIndependent Variable

Conditionthat is manipulated or changed in an experiment.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: An independent variable is the condition that is manipulated or changed in an experiment. _____

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Scientific Method Scientists carefully collect and record data during the experiment. During this time they watch for a change in the dependent variable. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____


21 VOCABULARYDependent Variable

Dependent variable changes as the result of independent variables.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: The dependent variable changes as the result of the independent variable. Let’s review that experiment again (review and have students identify the constants, independent variable and dependent variable). _____

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Scientific Method Data either supports, or does not support the hypothesis. If data does not support the hypothesis, scientists develop a new hypothesis test the new hypothesis. Either way, scientists report their findings for peer review by other scientists. In this experiment, the evidence does support the hypothesis “Marsh grass growth is limited by available nitrogen”. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____

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Scientific Method Over time, many scientists may test the same hypothesis over and over, in addition to other observations and hypothesis. This allows them to develop theories. Evolution, for example is a theory. Scientists look at all the evidence from individual experiments (like the fossil record, and DNA), and then propose an overarching theory predicting what happened or what will happen. Theories must be accepted by a wide range of scientists, however they do change and are replaced when new evidence is found. Photo: https://bdcaecology.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/1-3/ _____


24 VOCABULARYTheory

A theory is a well-tested explanation that accounts for a lot of observations and hypotheses.

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: A theory is a well tested explanation that accounts for a lot of observations and hypotheses. _____

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25 VOCABULARYBias

Point of view that is personal rather than scientific..

Scientific Method VOCABULARY: Bias is a personal view, not a scientific view. In science it is important that evidence is reported even when it doesn’t support your personal view. As a Science teacher I have the responsibility to report all scientific evidence to you, not just the things that support my views. _____

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?

Why is Peer Review Important? Take a couple minutes to talk with your lab group, and jot down a few ideas to answer the question, Why is peer review important? Why report evidence that does not support a hypothesis? _____


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LAB

Title Now, it’s your turn to explore the Scientific Method. Refer to your Work Packet, and find the “Sprouting Potato Lab”. __________

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Scientific Method Wrap Up Video html address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVRSicQMpnI ___________________

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Biology Take a few minutes, collaborate with your lab partners and jot down what comes to your mind when you think of Biology? _____

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVRSicQMpnI


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Biology

“Bio” = life“logy” = study of

Etymology of Biology “Biology” is derived from the Greek word “bios” meaning life and “logy” meaning “study of. _____

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Biology

The scientific study of life.

VOCABULARY: Biology is the scientific study of life. It’s my goal as your Biology teacher, to inspire you to use the scientific method to study life throughout the semester. The goal of labs, projects and collaboration with your lab partners is to give you the opportunity to learn about life and study it by observing, asking questions, forming hypotheses, experimenting and reporting your findings. _____

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What is Life? Take a couple minutes to talk with your lab group, and jot down a few ideas to answer the question, “what is life”? _____


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Share Characteristics

• Made of Cells• Grow and Develop• Adapt to Surroundings• Reproduce• Maintain Homeostasis• Respond to Stimulus• Obtain & Use Energy - “Metabolism”

Characteristics of Living Things • Made of cells. • Grow and develop. • Adapt to surroundings. • Reproduce. • Maintain homeostasis. • Respond to stimulus. • Obtain and use energy, which is called “metabolism”. ____

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Characteristics of Living Things Living things are made of cells. Video html address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA _____

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Characteristics of Living Things Living things are grow and development. Video html address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAe0LLW-abY _____

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAe0LLW-abY


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Characteristics of Living Things Living things adapt to their surroundings. Video html address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os6HD-sCRn8 _____

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As a Species

Living things have the ability to reproduce as a species.

Characteristics of Living Things Living things have the ability to reproduce as a species. _____

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Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

Characteristics of Living Things VOCABULARY: Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment. All living things need to keep conditions inside themselves as constant as possible, even when conditions outside themselves change. Living things use internal energy to keep things inside their cells within certain limits. This is called homeostasis. I did not include a photo because we will be exploring homeostasis in a lab today. _____

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os6HD-sCRn8


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Characteristics of Living Things Video html address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZxuQo3ylII _____

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Characteristics of Living Things “Paul Andersen explains how hugs between tissues can help maintain homeostasis. Countercurrent heat exchange allows heat to stay within the core of the body. Close contacts between the capillaries and alveoli allow our body to maintain the correct concentration of oxygen. Capillaries also hug the tubules in the nephron to maintain osmolarity and filter the blood. Hugs in the gills of a fish allow them to maintain an adequate amount of oxygen in an oxygen-poor environment.” – from bozemanscience.com at video html address listed below: Video html address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tqjITi8S8s ______

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Stimulus

Signal to which a living thing responds.

Characteristics of Living Things VOCABULARY: Stimulus is a signal to which a living thing responds. Living things notice and react to stimuli in their environments. Again, you are going to observe a stimulus in a lab today. _____

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZxuQo3ylII

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tqjITi8S8s


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Metabolism

Chemical reactions through which living things build up or break down materials.

Characteristics of Living Things VOCABULARY: Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions through which living things build up or break down materials. Living things get and use energy. Energy is needed to grow, develop and reproduce. The chemical reactions that take place in living things as they build up or break down materials for energy is metabolism. Photo: http://www.scilogs.com/endless_forms/2014/01/22/life-in-the-slow-lane-primates-have-significantly-slower-metabolic-rates-than-other-mammals/ _____

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LAB

Homeostasis, Stimuli and Metabolism Refer to your Work Packets and find the “Hot and Cold Goldfish” lab. __________

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End of Unit This concludes the Introduction to Science Unit. _____

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Indiana Department of Education. (2010). Standards. Retrieved from Indiana Department of Education: http://www.doe.in.gov/sites/default/files/standards/science/2010-Science-BiologyI.pdf

Kenneth R Miller and Joseph S. Levine. (2010). Biology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

References _____

biology is a branch of vocabulary - huth...

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