biology i carbohydrates biology i carbohydrates: oh h h ho ch 2 oh h h h oh o energy molecules
TRANSCRIPT
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Biology I
Carbohydrates
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Biology I
Carbohydrates:
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
Energy molecules
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Biology I
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugars
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Biology I
sucrose
Carbohydrates Function:
quick energy energy storage structure
cell wall in plants
Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall)
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
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Biology I
Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in
glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose – choc malt yum
-ose
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Biology I
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
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Biology I
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
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Biology I
BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides
large carbohydrates starch
energy storage in plants potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles cellulose
structure in plants cell walls
chitin structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
poly = many
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Biology I
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
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Biology I
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
cellulosehard todigest
enzyme
enzyme
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Biology I
Cellulose Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material
moving in your intestines
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Biology I
Different Diets of HerbivoresCow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
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Biology I
Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewing
cud?
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Biology I
Let’s build some
Carbohydrates!
EATX
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Biology I
Activities building starch by bonding together
paper glucose molecules eat carrots, celery, cookies