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*Gregor Mendel

*Vocabulary

*Pisum sativum

*Genetic Crosses

*Mendels Laws

*Dominance

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*Took courses in this subject at the University of Vienna that later helped him with his genetic studies

*What is mathematics or statistics?

*Mendel did research on this --- the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

*What is heredity?

*Number of traits Mendel observed in his study with pea plants

*What is Seven?

*Mendel used this to transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma of flowers

*What is a small paint brush?

*Mendel was able to document the traits of each pea generation by controlling this

*What is pollination?

*Two forms of a Gene

*What are alleles?

*Genotype referred to as being Pure

*What is homozygous?

*Heterozygous genotypes are also called this

*What are hybrids?

*Two forms that a gene or allele may take

*What are dominant or recessive?

*Mendel stated that physical traits were inherited as these

*What are particles?

*Pure parent pea plants are obtained by doing this

*What is allow to self-pollinate?

*Recessive seed shape in Mendels peas

*What is wrinkled?

*Flower part that produces pollen

*What is the stamen?

*Mendel was able to cross 2 hybrids by doing this

*What is transfer pollen himself or cross-pollinate?

*Actual observed ratio that Mendel got from an F1 monohybrid Cross

*What is 2.96:1?

*Cross involving 2 traits

*What is dihybrid?

*Used to solve genetic crosses

*What is a Punnett Square?

*Percentage of tall pea plants resulting from an F1 Monohybrid Cross

*What is 75%?

*Another name for an F2 Monohybrid Cross

*What is a testcross?

*Genotypic ratio for an F2 Monohybrid Cross

*What is 1:1?

*Number of P1 traits that fail to appear in Mendels F1 pea plants

*What is one?

*Trait that appeared in the F1 generation was controlled by this factor or allele

*What is dominant?

*Separation of factors or alleles during the formation of gametes

*What is the Law of Segregation?

*Dihybrid Crosses showed that alleles arent connected when being distributed to gametes

*What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

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*Number of Possible allele Combinations in an F1 Dihybrid Cross

*What is four?

*Used to represent alleles or factors that mask others

*What is a Capital Letter?

*States that recessive trait alleles have no effect on phenotype when paired with a dominant trait allele

*What is the Law of Dominance?

*Gives hybrids an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents

*What is Incomplete Dominance?

*Multiple alleles for human blood type is an example

*What is Codominance?

*Type of dominance shown in Mendels pea plant crosses

*What is Complete Dominance?

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*Genetic Ratios

*Genetic Disorders

*Genes

*Sex-Linked

*Mutations

*Human Genetics

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*P1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio

*What is All Alike?

*F1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio

*What is 1:2:1?

*F2 Monohybrid genotypic ratio

*What is 1:1?

*F1 Dihybrid Phenotypic ratio

*What is 9:3:3:1?

*Probability of getting hybrids from an F1 Monohybrid Cross

*What is 50% or ?

*Family record showing the inheritance of a trait over several generations

*What is a pedigree?

*Type of mutation that causes death, often before birth

*What is a lethal mutation?

*Genetic disorder that produces a defective form of hemoglobin

*What is sickle cell anemia?

*Chromosome mutation resulting in Down Syndrome

*What is nondisjunction?

*Genetic disorder in which the body can not metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

*What is PKU?

*Alternate forms of a Gene

*What are alleles?

*Genes are carried on these

*What are chromosomes?

*Shows the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome

*What is a chromosome map?

*Gene mutation involving a single nucleotide

*What is a point mutation?

*Genes found on the same chromosome are said to be this

*What is linked?

*Genotype for males

*What is XY?

*Sex chromosome that carries the most genes

*What is the X chromosome?

*X-linked disease usually in males that impairs the ability of blood to clot

*What is hemophilia?

*Females that do not express a trait but can pass the trait on to their offspring

*What are carriers?

*The presence of male or female hormones affects these traits

*What are sex-influenced traits?

*A mutation may take place in any of these

*What is a cell?

*Mutations that arent passed on to offspring

*What are somatic mutations?

*Organisms with these have a better chance of reproducing

*What is a beneficial mutation?

*Loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakage

*What is a deletion?

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*Condition in which a zygote has only 45 chromosomes

*What is monosomy?

*Trait controlled by two or more genes such as eye or skin color

*What is a polygenic trait?

*Genetic disorder found in European Jews in which the nervous system of infants deteriorates

*What is Tay-Sachs disease?

*Genetic disorder carried on the X chromosome resulting in the wasting away of muscles

*What is muscular dystrophy?

*XXY chromosomes in a male

*What is Klinefelters syndrome?

*Screening for this disorder is performed immediately after birth in the United States

*What is PKU?

*Final Jeopardy

*This type of dominance occurs when heterozygous individuals & dominant homozygous individuals are indistinguishable in phenotype

*What is complete dominance?