biology final exam review - welcome hshp...
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Biology Final Exam Review GENETICS REVIEW: Words to Know:
• Phenotype • Genotype • Heterozygous • Homozygous • Dominant • Recessive • Allele • Gregor Mendel • Incomplete
dominance • Co-‐dominance • DNA Fingerprinting • Sex-‐ linked diseases
Know how to: • Use a Punnett Square • Do a monohybrid cross • Decipher a karyotype • Do blood type crosses
Evolution Review Know the following concepts: How the environment plays a role in natural selection How organisms develop resistance immunity How species can become extinct (survival of the fittest) How evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided (anatomical, molecular, embryological) TERMS: Adaptation Analogous structures Common ancestor Charles Darwin Camouflage Competition Evolution Fossil Genetic variation Mimicry Mutation Natural selection Punctuated Equilibrium Vestigial structure Homologous structures
What are the genotypes in the boxes below? What will the genotypic and phenotypic ratios be if B -‐ Brown hair and b -‐ blonde hair?
Is the karyotype above normal or abnormal? If abnormal, how and what disease does it cause?
What type of organism is each of the fossils? Which is the oldest?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Viruses: Antibodies Influenza Autotrophic Heterotrophic HIV Vaccine Prokaryote Bacteria Eukaryote White blood cells Capsid(protein coat) Immune system Resistance
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ecology Terms: Abiotic Factor Energy Pyramid Predation Biosphere Omnivore Mutualism Biotic Factor Population Primary Succession Carnivore Species Parasitism Carrying Capacity Exponential Growth Predator Pioneer Species Food Chain Commensalism Food Web Community Host Competition Emigration Consumer Symbiosis Decomposer Habitat Ecology Herbivore Ecosystem Parasite Secondary Succession Immigration
• Label the pictures above as eukaryotic, prokaryotic, or neither.
• If eukaryotic, what type of eukaryote? If prokaryotic, what type? If neither, what is it?
Using the table above, make a Venn diagram on the back comparing and contrasting a cell and a virus.
What viral reproductive cycle is represented above? Label each step shown and describe what’s happening.
Understand how a food web works.
Be able to make conclusion(s) about succession diagrams like the one above
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Classification Review: Be able to list the eight levels of taxonomic categories from largest category to smallest category.
List the English and Latin names of kingdoms and be able to provide examples of each.
Know the characteristics which identify the 6 kingdoms.
Know which kingdoms have prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Be able to explain how organisms are related to other organisms by looking at their taxonomic
categories.
Be able to recognize which organisms are most closely related in a phylogenic tree.
Know the following terms Animalia
Archaebacteria
Autotroph
According to the phylogenetic tree below, which organism is most closely related to another?
According to the table, which two types of animals are most similar?
Describe the trophic levels in the food web above. Carnivores? Omnivores? Herbivores?
Binomial nomenclature
Class
Domain
Eubacteria
Eukaryote
Family
Fungi
Genus
Heterotroph
Invertebrate
Kingdom
Multicellular
Order
Phylum
Plantae
Protista
Scientific name
Species
Taxonomy
Unicellular
Vertebrate
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Body Systems: Review all body systems from your notes, including their functions, major parts and relationships they have with each other.