biology 37.1
TRANSCRIPT
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37.1 The Circulatory System
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Myocardium
• Thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the circulatory system.
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Atrium
• Upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle.
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Ventricle
• Lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart.
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Pulmonary Circulation
• Pathway of circulation between the heart and the lungs.
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Systemic Circulation
• Pathway of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs.
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Valve
• Flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood.
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Pacemaker
• Small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that “set the pace” for the heart as a whole; also known as the sinoatrial node.
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Aorta
• Large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels after it leaves the left ventricle.
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Artery
• Large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.
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Capillary
• Smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products.
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Vein
• In plants, a cluster of vascular tissue in leaves; in animals, a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.
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Atherosclerosis
• Condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries.
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Key Concept
• The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them.
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Key Concept
• As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins.