biology 12 - weebly · web view– production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) to maintain the...
TRANSCRIPT
Biology 12 Human Reproduction – Chapter 27 Name _______________________
Human Biology - Reproductive System Vocabulary
acrosome, anterior pituitary, cervix, clitoris, corpus luteum, Cowper’s glands, ductus (vas) deferens, endometrium, epididymis, estrogen, follicles, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), follicular phase, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), head, homeostatic regulation, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), hypothalamus, implantation, interstitial cells, luteal phase, luteinizing hormone (LH), menstruation, midpiece, ovarian cycle, ovaries, oviducts (fallopian tubes), ovulation, oxytocin, penis, positive feedback mechanism, progesterone, proliferative phase, prostate gland, scrotum, secretory phase, seminal fluid, seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubules, sperm, tail (flagellum), testes, testosterone, urethra, urethral opening, uterine cycle, uterus, vagina
It is expected that students will:
C14 Analyse the functional inter-relationships of the structures of the male reproductive system
C14.1 identify and give functions for each of the following:– testes (seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells)– scrotum– epididymis– ductus (vas) deferens– prostate gland– Cowper’s glands– seminal vesicles– penis– urethra
C14.2 describe the path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the urethral openingC14.3 list the components seminal fluid (as contributed by the Cowper’s glands, prostate
gland, and seminal vesicles), and describe the functions of each componentC14.4 identify the tail (flagellum), midpiece, head, and acrosome of a mature sperm and
state their functionsC14.5 describe the functions of testosteroneC14.6 describe the homeostatic regulation of testosterone levels by the hypothalamus,
anterior pituitary, and testes
Page 1 of 30
C15 Analyse the functional inter-relationships of the structures of the female reproductive system
C15.1 identify and give functions for each of the following:– ovaries (follicles and corpus luteum)– oviducts (fallopian tubes)– uterus– endometrium– cervix– vagina– clitoris
C15.2 describe the functions of estrogenC15.3 describe the sequence of events in the ovarian cycle, with reference to the
follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phaseC15.4 describe the sequence of events in the uterine cycle, with reference to
menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phaseC15.5 describe the control of the ovarian and uterine cycles by hormones including
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone
C15.6 describe the hormonal changes that occur as a result of implantation, including– production of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to maintain the
corpus luteum– increased production of progesterone by the corpus luteum
C15.7 describe a positive feedback mechanism involving oxytocin
Page 2 of 30
Human Reproduction – The Male
C14.1 identify and give functions for each of the following:– testes (seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells)– scrotum– epididymis– ductus (vas) deferens– prostate gland– Cowper’s glands– seminal vesicles– penis– urethra
a) Label the above structures on the following diagram:
Page 3 of 30
b) For each of the parts identified on the previous diagram, describe its function(s):
♂testes _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂scrotum _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂seminiferous tubules ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂epididymis ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂ductus (vas) deferens ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂prostate gland _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 4 of 30
♂Cowper's glands _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂seminal vesicles _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂penis _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♂urethra ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
This photograph shows a close up of the testis. Label the seminiferous tubules, sperm, and interstitial cells.
What is produced by the seminiferous tubules? ___________________________
What is produced by the interstitial cells? ________________________________
Page 5 of 30
What is the process illustrated by this diagram?
___________________________________________http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/RE025b.htm cross section of portion of testes
http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/RE028b.htm cross section though a seminiferous tubule.
Label the diagram using Fig 27.5A
Page 6 of 30
http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/testis.htm#germ sperm cell formation C14.2 describe the path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the urethral opening
_______________________________ → _______________________________ →
_______________________________ → _______________________________ →
___________________________________________
Page 7 of 30
On the diagram below, trace the path of sperm in the male before ejaculation.
Page 8 of 30
C14.3 List the components of the seminal fluid (as contributed by the Cowper’s glands, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles), and describe the functions of each component
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
C14.4 Identify the tail (flagellum), midpiece, head, and acrosome of a mature sperm and state their functions
Label the following diagram of a mature sperm:
Page 9 of 30
State the function of each of the labelled parts from the diagram on the previous page.
a) tail
________________________________________________________________________
b) middle piece
________________________________________________________________________
c) head
________________________________________________________________________
d) acrosome
________________________________________________________________________
Activity: Reproductive System of the Human Male (27.4)
Page 10 of 30
C14.5 describe the functions of testosterone
Primary sex characteristics:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Secondary sex characteristics:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
The male and female reproductive systems are controlled by the hypothalamus region of the brain working together with the anterior pituitary gland, as illustrated in the following diagram. Highlight the pituitary hormones that control reproduction:
Page 11 of 30
C14.6 Describe the homeostatic regulation of testosterone levels by the
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and testes
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Page 12 of 30
Human Reproduction – The Female
C15.1 identify and give functions for each of the following:– ovaries (follicles and corpus luteum)– oviducts (fallopian tubes)– uterus– endometrium– cervix– vagina– clitoris (on diagram on next page only)
a) Label these diagrams with the parts listed above:
Page 13 of 30
Page 14 of 30
b) For each of the parts identified on the previous diagrams, describe its function(s):
♀ovaries (follicles and corpus luteum)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♀oviducts (Fallopian tubes)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♀uterus
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♀endometrium
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 15 of 30
♀cervix
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♀vagina
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
♀clitoris
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 16 of 30
C15.2 describe the functions of estrogen
Primary sex characteristics:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Secondary sex characteristics:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 17 of 30
C15.3 Describe the sequence of events in the ovarian cycle, with reference to the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase
Label this diagram with the above terms:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 18 of 30
Here is a photograph of an ovary showing several follicles. Label a follicle and a developing ovum.
Page 19 of 30
C15.4 describe the sequence of events in the uterine cycle, with reference to menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 20 of 30
C15.5 Describe the control of the ovarian and uterine cycles by hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone
Note: this is figure 27.6 in text. See explanations in text. (Concept 27.6 on pp 542 and 543)
Page 21 of 30
Write notes here for control of ovarian and uterine cycles:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 22 of 30
This table summarizes the hormones that control female reproduction:
Page 23 of 30
C15.6 describe the hormonal changes that occur as a result of implantation, including– production of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to maintain the
corpus luteum– increased production of progesterone by the corpus luteum
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJakYmgtrDA&NR=1&feature=endscreen fertilization to birth
In text, Concept 27.16 pp 556-557
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________Page 24 of 30
Fertilization or conception occurs in the oviduct. Twenty-four hours later, cleavage begins. Three to four days after fertilization, the embryo reaches the uterus as a ball of
16 cells. By one week after fertilization, the blastocyst forms as a sphere of cells
containing a cavity. After a few more days, the blastocyst implants in the endometrium. The embryo secretes hormones to control the mother’s reproductive system.
o The embryonic hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) acts like pituitary LH to maintain secretion of progesterone and estrogens by the corpus luteum for the first few months of pregnancy.
o Some HCG is excreted in the urine, where it is detected by pregnancy tests.
Page 25 of 30
For the first 2–4 weeks of development, the embryo obtains nutrients directly from the endometrium.
The outer layer of the blastocyst, the trophoblast, invades the endometrium and later forms the placenta.
The placenta allows diffusion of material between maternal and embryonic circulations, supplying nutrients, providing immune protection, exchanging respiratory gases, and disposing of metabolic wastes for the embryo.o Blood from the embryo travels to the placenta through arteries of the
umbilical cord and returns via the umbilical vein. Splitting of the embryo during the first month of development can result in
identical, or monozygotic (one-egg), twins. Fraternal, or dizygotic, twins arise when two follicles mature in a single cycle,
leading to separate fertilization and implantation of two genetically distinct embryos.
Page 26 of 30
Organogenesis, the development of the body organs, occurs during the first trimester.
Page 27 of 30
Describe a positive feedback mechanism involving oxytocinIn text, Concept 27.17 on p 558
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 28 of 30
Labour involves the following stages:
Page 29 of 30
Here are some birth control methods for both male and female. Each method acts at a specific point in the reproductive process:
Page 30 of 30