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Biology 1 Mid-Year Assessment 2016-2017 » Form A (Master Copy) » Teacher Version

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DataDirector Assessment ID: 10708 of 20 © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.

1. According to the cell theory, what is the source of allliving cells?

A. Atoms

B. DNA molecules

C. Other cells

D. Viruses

Answer Choice Rationale

A. No rationale available

B. No rationale available

C. Correct

D. No rationale available

ItemID LCS_TestAdmin.2324Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.14.1

2.After examining an onion cell and a human cheek cellwith a microscope, a scientist determines both containcells with specialized organelles. What part of the celltheory is supported by her observations?

A. All cells arise from preexisting cells.

B. All matter are made of one or more cells.

C. Plants and animals are made up of cells.

D. The cell is the basic functional unit of all livingthings.




C. No rationale available

D. Correct

ItemID LCS_TestAdmin.2348Correct DStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.14.1

3. What is the function of the cell structure illustratedbelow?

A. It controls cell reproduction.

B. It controls passage of molecules.

C. It performs cellular respiration.

D. It performs protein synthesis.



B. Correct



ItemID LCS_TestAdmin.2303Correct BStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.14.2




4. The diagrams below show the structure of plant andanimal cells as seen through a microscope.

Compare the general structures of these cells.

A. The animal cells have a cell membrane, while theplant cells do not.

B. The animal cells have large vacuoles, while theplant cells do not.

C. The plant cells have a cell wall, while the animalcells do not.

D. The plant cells have a nucleus, while the animalcells do not.




C. Correct



5. Anna is preparing a presentation comparing thestructures and evolutionary history of eukaryotes andprokaryotes. What significant information should Annainclude in her presentation?

A. Eukaryotes are more complex and containmitochondria.

B. Eukaryotes are more simple and do not containmitochondria.

C. Prokaryotes are more complex and do not containmitochondria

D. Prokaryotes are more simple and containmitochondria


A. Correct




ItemID LCS_TestAdmin.2326Correct AStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.14.3

6. The table below shows the characteristics of four cellsthat students are comparing under a microscope.

Which cell in the table is a eukaryotic plant cell?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4



B. Correct







7. How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryoticcells?

A. They have a very simple structure that can bemanufactured in other cells.

B. They contain many different organelles that carryout various reactions.

C. They are surrounded by a semipermeable cellmembrane.

D. Their genetic material is more accessible becauseit is not inside a nucleus.



B. Correct




8. In science, a theory is an explanation for somephenomenon that is based on observation,experimentation and reasoning. One importanttheory in biology is the cell theory. What kinds ofobservations led to the development of the cell theory?

A. discoveries of fossil bacteria

B. isolations of DNA and RNA

C. microscopic views of plants and animals

D. testing for AIDS virus




C. Correct



9. What type of microscope would you use to view asample of live microorganisms in pond water?

A. Compound Light Microscope

B. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

C. Scanning Tunneling Microscope

D. Transmission Electron Microscope


A. Correct





10. A biology student looked through a microscope andobserved an Elodea cell in a drop of water thenillustrated it in diagram A. He added a 10% hypertonicsalt solution to the slide. He then observed the cell andillustrated the change in diagram B.

Which statement below offers the best explanation forthe observed changes in diagram B below?

A. Less salt flowed into the cell than out of the cell.

B. More salt flowed into the cell than out of the cell.

C. More water flowed into the cell than out of the cell.

D. More water flowed out of the cell than into the cell.





D. Correct





11. The cell theory was developed by the work of VanLeevwenhoek, Hook, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchowand many other scientists. Why did the cell theoryrequire many scientific contributions?

A. Each scientist set out to prove the cell theory anddiscovered the same results.

B. It takes several scientists to first make the laws sothat they can then become theories.

C. It takes several scientists to find conflicting data tocreate scientific debate.

D. The work of many scientists is needed to providea range of supporting data to develop a theory.





D. Correct


12. Microscopic examination of an animal cell reveals thepresence of a mitochondria. Which of the followingstructure(s) would not be present within this cell?

A. Centrioles

B. Cilia

C. Chloroplast

D. Small dispersed vacuole




C. Correct



13. In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, which mayreduce the amount of activation energy required fora chemical reaction to occur. In the graphs below,pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzedreaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzedreaction. Which graph best illustrates the changes ina reaction when the catalyst reduces the amount ofenergy required?

A.

B.

C.

D.








D. Correct


14. Which element is common to all organicmacromolecules?

A. Carbon

B. Nitrogen

C. Phosphorus

D. Sodium


A. Correct





15. Enzymes, comprised of proteins, are an importantcomponent of the cell environment. Each enzymeis specific to a particular reaction or group of similarreactions.How do enzymes contribute to chemical reactions in acell?

A. They change into products so a smaller amount ofthe reactants are needed.

B. They change into reactants so a smaller amountof the reactants are needed.

C. They decrease the amount of activation energyrequired to make the reaction occur.

D. They increase the amount of activation energyrequired to make the reaction occur.




C. Correct



16. What equation shows the basic reactants andproducts of photosynthesis?

A.

B.

C.

D.


A. Correct





17. Photosynthesis transforms solar energy into chemicalenergy. Where is this energy stored?

A. Sugars

B. Proteins

C. DNA

D. Water


A. Correct





18. Which process removes carbon dioxide from theatmosphere?

A. combustion of wood

B. decomposition of leaf litter

C. photosynthesis by plants

D. respiration by plants




C. Correct






19.

Using the diagram above, what is needed to changefood energy into ATP in mitochondria?

A. sunlight

B. carbon dioxide

C. oxygen

D. thermal energy




C. Correct



20.

Using the diagram above, what are the products ofcellular respiration?

A. glucose, carbon dioxide, and ATP

B. carbon dioxide, ATP, and water

C. water, oxygen, and ATP

D. oxygen, water, and glucose



B. Correct







21. What happens when the bonds between phosphategroups in ATP are broken?

A. Energy is absorbed.

B. Energy is released.

C. The adenosine molecule breaks apart from theremaining phosphates.

D. The adenosine molecule is absorbed by theremaining phosphates.



B. Correct




22.

Refer to the diagram above. What is the relationshipbetween the processes of photosynthesis and cellularrespiration?

A.ATP is produced during cellular respiration, whichis then used during photosynthesis to produceglucose.

B.Carbon dioxide and glucose are producedduring cellular respiration and are used duringphotosynthesis to harness energy from the Sun.

C.Glucose is used during photosynthesis to produceATP, which is then used during cellular respirationto create proteins.

D.Oxygen and glucose are produced duringphotosynthesis and produce ATP during cellularrespiration to perform vital cellular functions.








D. Correct


23. The diagram below illustrates the interrelated natureof photosynthesis and two important biologicalprocesses. Which process is represented by #2 in thediagram?

A. Cellular Respiration

B. Photosynthesis

C. Protein Synthesis

D. Transpiration


A. Correct





24. Many birds store significant amounts of energy topower flight during winter migration. What type ofbiological macromolecule might be usedfor energystorage in an organism?

A. Carbohydrate

B. Lipid

C. Nucleic acid

D. Protein



B. Correct




25. What property of the carbon atom allows it to bondwith a greater number of different elements than anyother type of atom?

A. Carbon can only bond to other carbon atoms.

B. Carbon cannot form long chains.

C. Carbon has four valence electrons.

D. Carbon has six valence electrons.




C. Correct



26. Before a long race, runners often "carbo load." Thismeans that they eat a lot of carbohydrates. How mightthis affect their performance?

A. Carbohydrates help build new muscle.

B. Carbohydrates provide energy that is readilyavailable.

C. Carbohydrates store energy for long periods oftime.

D. Carbohydrates store information for musclememory.



B. Correct







27. What is the function of the class of macromoleculesrepresented in the following diagram?

A. Formation of biological membranes.

B. Formation of bones and muscles.

C. Storage of cellular energy.

D. Storage of genetic information.





D. Correct


28. Which statement best describes the enzymerepresented in the graphs below?

A. Temperature and pH have no effect on the actionof this enzyme.

B. This enzyme works best at a temperature above50ºC and a pH above 12.

C. This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35ºCand a pH of 8.

D. This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50ºCand a pH of 12.




C. Correct






29.

Water has a high surface tension. What property ofwater allows the organism pictured in the diagram to"walk" on water?

A. Adhesion

B. Cohesion

C. Ionic Bonds

D. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds



B. Correct




30. Water is an essential part of all life and consideredthe universal solvent. What property of water isresponsible for this?

A. Water forms four covalent bonds.

B. Water forms ionic bonds that attract other similarmolecules.

C. Water forms polar bonds that attract other similarmolecules.

D. Water is found in all organic molecules.




C. Correct



31. Water is essential for life. Dissolved ions, such assodium and chloride, are needed for bodily functionssuch as muscle contractions and the movement ofnerve impulses. Which characteristic of water enablethese dissolved ions to be present?

A. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.

B. Water expands as it freezes.

C. Water is able to moderate temperatures.

D. Water is a polar molecule.





D. Correct


32. Which substances must a green plant obtain fromit environment in order to convert light energy intochemical energy?

A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen

B. Carbon dioxide and water

C. Glucose and water

D. Oxygen and chlorophyll



B. Correct







33. The graphs below show the changes in the relativeconcentrations of two gases in the air surrounding agroup of organisms at a given time. Which process inthe organisms most likely accounts for the changesshown?

A. Active Transport

B. Cellular Respiration

C. Evaporation

D. Photosynthesis



B. Correct




34. Sodium ions are "pumped" from a region of lowconcentration to a region of high concentration(requiring ATP) in the nerve cells of humans. Thisprocess is an example of:

A. Active transport

B. Dffusion

C. Osmosis

D. Passive transport


A. Correct





35. Some peeled pieces of apple were placed in distilledwater and some in very salty water. The cells in theapple pieces will

A. gain water in both solutions.

B. lose water in the distilled water and gain water inthe salty solution.

C. lose water in both solutions.

D. gain water in the distilled water and lose water inthe salty solution.





D. Correct


36. A substrate bonds to a specific area on an enzymemolecule known as the enzyme's

A. terminal loci.

B. bonding site.

C. active site.

D. catalyst loci




C. Correct



37. In the carbon cycle, cellular respiration is the processresponsible for the conversion of carbon-containingsugars into carbon dioxide gas, which can thenbecome part of the atmosphere. What process canremove this gas from the atmosphere and return it tothe biosphere?

A. fermentation

B. glycolysis

C. photosynthesis

D. transpiration







C. Correct



38. A scientist designed an experiment to test the effectof temperature on bacterial growth. He grew threedifferent cultures of the bacterium E. coli under threeheat lamps at different temperatures. What was theindependent variable in this experiment?

A. temperature

B. number of bacteria

C. length of experiment

D. reproduction rate


A. Correct





39. Which of the following statements about ATP is NOTtrue?

A. ATP is the most abundant energy-carrier moleculein cells.

B. ATP is only found in specific organisms.

C. ATP is a nucleotide made of adenosine, a ribosesugar and three phosphate groups.

D. ATP releases energy to drive cellular processes.



B. Correct




40.

The energy in the food produced by autotrophs andtaken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changedinto a form that cells can use. What is the energy-transferring molecule used by cells?

A. RNA

B. CO2

C. ATP

D. DNA




C. Correct



41. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesisrelated, in terms of energy?

A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used topower cellular respiration.

B. The energy transformed in cellular respiration isused to power photosynthesis.

C. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the sametask in terms of energy transformation.

D. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis orcellular respiration.


A. Correct








42. DNA is a large organic molecule found in cells. Whatare the building blocks of DNA?

A. Amino Acids

B. Fatty acids

C. Nucleotides

D. Monosaccharides




C. Correct



43. Which statement below describes the function of theplant vacuoles?

A. small spherical organelles that carry our digestion

B. a system of tubes that transport molecules

C. a system of membranes that modifies and refinesproteins

D. a large organelle that stores water and otherdissolved materials





D. Correct


44. Having a high specific heat is just one of water'sproperties that make life on Earth possible. How doeswater having a specific heat affect the human body?

A. it moves fluids through arteries and veins

B. it allows lighter materials to float in blood

C. it makes it possible for substances to dissolve incells

D. it helps the body maintain a constant internalenvironment





D. Correct





45. Two different species of bacteria are examined.Scientists find that species X always produces CO2

and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y alwaysproduces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusioncan be made from these observations?

A. only species Y is aerobic

B. only species Y is anaerobic

C. both species X and Y are aerobic

D. both species X and Y are anaerobic



B. Correct




46. Carmen conducted an experiment to determineif performing different types of exercise would affecta person's pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulserates would change with different types of exercise.Each person performed seven diffeent exercies for30 seconds. Each person's pulse was taken beforethe exercise and then after each 30-second intervalof exercise. Based on her experiment, Carmenconcluded that a person's pulse rate changed whenthe person performed different types of exerice. Whatcomponent is missing from Carmen's experiment?Which component is missing from Carmen'sexperiment?

A. a question

B. a hypothesis

C. a control group

D. a description of the experiment




C. Correct


ItemID LCS_TestAdmin.2632Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.N.1.1.1

47. Bromthymol blue solution is commonly used as apH indicator. It starts as a blue solution in water andturns yellow in the presence of Carbon Dioxide. Beloware the results of an experiment in which the aquaticplant Elodea was placed in a test tube containinga bromthymol blue solution. Which of the followingclaims below can be used to explain the data?

A. Carbon Dioxide was released by the Elodeaturning the solution yellow.

B. Carbon dioxide is removed from the solution bythe Elodea.

C. Oxygen was removed from the solution by theElodea.

D. Water was released into the solution by theElodea.



B. Correct







48. Antibodies are produced by the body to help fightdisease and illness. Higher levels of antibodies aremore effective at treating disease or illness than lowerlevels. The manufacturer indicates that the antibodyis "highly effective within 3 weeks of administrationin treating the flu". Which evidence statement BESTsupports the manufacturer's claim?

A. maximum level of antibodies is reached on day 5

B. maximum level of antibodies is reached on day 15

C. maximum level of antibodies is reached on day 18

D. maximum level of antibodies is reached on day 23




C. Correct


ItemID LCS_TestAdmin.3014Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.N.1.1.6, SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.14.52

49. What is the name of the structure below?

A. ADP

B. ATP

C. Nucleotide

D. Mitochondria



B. Correct



ItemID oliverir.3153Correct BStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.18.10

50. What is the PRIMARY concern of using coal energyfrom the list of concerns below?

A. Coal is still fairly abundant on our planet.

B. Burning coal is a significant contributor to acid rainand global warming.

C. Coal is easy and cheap to transport with existingtransportation systems.

D. Coal is a relatively cheap energy source whencompared to alternate energy sources.



B. Correct







51. What is the primary concern of using coal energy?

A. Coal is still fairly abundant on our planet.

B. Burning coal is a significant contributor to acid rainand global warming.

C. Coal is easy and cheap to transport with existingtransportation systems.

D. Coal is a relatively cheap energy source whencompared to alternate energy sources.


A.Our planets coal reserves are slated to last usabout another 100 years.

B. Correct answer.

C.Due to existing networks of trains, coal is one ofthe cheapest commodities to transport around.

D.Currently, it is cheaper to mine coal and produceenergy by burning it.

ItemID A2K.1183081Correct BStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.11

52. A child finds a sea star clinging to some rocks on theshore of the ocean. She brings it home and sets upa beautiful environment for it, including some rocks,warm fresh water, and food it may like. Yet the seastar died overnight. Why did it most likely die?

A. The rocks in the aquarium were not large enoughfor it to cling to.

B. The sea star required other sea stars in order tosurvive in the aquarium.

C. The species of sea stars could not tolerate warmwater.

D. The aquarium water had the wrong salinity levelsand general chemistry.


A.There is no information about rock size todetermine if this is the case.

B.There is no reason to suspect this is a truestatement.

C.The sea star was found in the intertidal zone ofthe ocean, which is a warm water zone.

D. Correct answer.

ItemID A2K.1195309Correct DStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.2

53. The amount of light in the ocean becomes less asdistance from the surface becomes greater. How doesthis physical factor affect the productivity of a marineecosystem?

A. The productivity of most of the marine ecosystemis very high.

B. The productivity of deeper parts of the marineecosystem is lower.

C. There is no difference in the productivity ofdifferent parts of the marine ecosystem.

D.There is more productivity in deep marineecosystems and less in shallow marineecosystems.


A.The productivity of the photic zone near theocean's surface is high. Throughout most of theocean depths, productivity is very low.

B. Correct answer.

C.

Portions of the ocean where there is amplesunlight and nutrients, productivity can be veryhigh. However, in most of the ocean wheresunlight and nutrients are scarce, productivity isvery low.

D.

Sunlight is the energy source that drivesecosystem productivity. In dark regions of theocean, ecosystems have very low productivity asa result.

ItemID A2K.1023520Correct BStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.2, 5D/H1




54. The hawks in an ecosystem eat mostly groundsquirrels. If a second predator that also eats groundsquirrels moves into that ecosystem, what will mostlikely happen?

A. The number of ground squirrels and hawks willdecrease.

B. The number of ground squirrels and hawks willincrease.

C. The number of ground squirrels will decrease, andthe number of hawks will increase.

D. The number of ground squirrels will remain steady,and the number of predators will decrease.


A. Correct answer

B. The number will decrease, not increase.

C. The number of both will decrease.

D.The number of both the hawks and the squirrelswill decrease.

ItemID A2K.1123215Correct AStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.8, 5D/H2

55. The food chain below occurs in suburban areas nextto wild habitats. Feral cats are wild but have domesticcats as their recent ancestors. Other suburban areaslack feral cats but have all the other organisms in thefood chain.

Plants → Insects → Birds → Feral Cats

Which is the BEST prediction about how areas withferal cats compare to areas without feral cats?

A. The area with feral cats will have more insects andfewer birds than the area without feral cats.

B. The area with feral cats will have more birds andmore insects than the area without feral cats.

C. The area with feral cats will have more plants andfewer insects than the area without feral cats.

D. The area with feral cats will have fewer plants andfewer insects than the area without feral cats.


A. Correct





56. The brown tree snake is native to Australia but wasintroduced accidentally to the island of Guam. Afterintroduction, the population of brown tree snakes onGuam grew rapidly.

Which statement explains how the population of browntree snakes most likely grew?

A. The death rate was much higher than the birthrate.

B. The birth rate was much higher than the deathrate.

C. The emigration rate was much higher than theimmigration rate.

D. The immigration rate was much higher than theemigration rate.


A.

The student may know that the relative rates ofbirth and death are major factors of populationsize but may not realize that the populationwould decrease if the death rate exceeded thebirth rate.

B.

The student understands that for the populationto have grown, the birth rate needed to exceedthe death rate, as it would be unlikely for thesnake to be brought into the ecosystem in largenumbers.

C.The student may misunderstand the termemigration.

D.

The student may understand that immigrationrates can increase population sizes. However,the student may not understand that in thiscase it would be unlikely for the snake to becontinually introduced into the ecosystem inlarge numbers.

ItemID A2K.1018611Correct BStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.5, 5D/H1




57. In a population of rodents, the rate of emigration isgreater than the rate of immigration. If the birth anddeath rates in the population are balanced, how willthe population most likely change over time?

A. The population will increase.

B. The population will fluctuate.

C. The population will decrease.

D. The population will stay the same.


A.The student may confuse the concepts ofemigration and immigration.

B.

The student may have the misconception thatemigration means that organisms come and go.However, emigration means only that organismsleave a population.

C.The student understands that net emigration candecrease a population when the other factors(birth and death rates) are balanced.

D.

The student may have the misconception thatemigration is only a small factor and does notaffect a population much. However, it can affectthe population greatly.

ItemID A2K.1016598Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.5

58. The diagram below shows the interdependence oforganisms existing in a lake.

If a disease reduces the population of planktivorousfish, what would be the MOST LIKELY effecton the populations in the lake?

A. Algae population would increase.

B. Piscivorous fish population would increase.

C. Zooplankton population would increase.

D. All the populations would decrease.




C. Correct


ItemID fannins.798Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.5, 5D/H1




59. The following diagram shows part of a food web.

According to this food web, which animals compete forthe same resources?

A. rabbit and bobcat

B. bobcat and hawk

C. rabbit, mouse, and grasshopper

D. rabbit, mouse, grasshopper, bobcat, and hawk


A. The bobcat eats the rabbit.

B.The bobcat eats the rabbit; the hawk eats themouse.

C. Correct answer

D.All of these animals consume different things.Rabbit-grass; mouse-grass; grasshopper-grass;bobcat-rabbit; hawk-mouse.

ItemID A2K.1123213Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.9

60. The diagram below shows an energy pyramid for agrassland ecosystem.

Which principle does this energy pyramid illustrate?

A. Energy is concentrated as it moves up the energypyramid.

B. Less energy is available at higher levels.

C.Energy cycles through each level of an energypyramid many times before it is lost from anecosystem.

D.Organisms at the higher levels of the energypyramid need less energy than organisms at thelower levels.



B. Correct



ItemID fannins.784Correct BStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.9, 5E/H3




61. A forest fire has destroyed all the vegetation ina forest. Which diagram BEST shows primarysuccession on a newly formed volcanic island?

A.

B.

C.

D.




C. Correct


ItemID fannins.782Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.4, 5D/H2

62. Phytoplankton live on the surface of the ocean. Whichstatement most likely explains why?

A. They require greater salinity than available at theocean's depths.

B. They require colder temperatures than are foundat the ocean's depths.

C. They require energy from the Sun to performphotosynthesis.

D. They require oxygen found only at the surface inorder to perform photosynthesis.




C. Correct


ItemID fannins.781Correct CStandard(s) SCI.9-12.SC.912.L.17.2

Stop! You have finished this exam.

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