End of Year Revision BookletYear 7 topics

Biology:Cells

Reproduction

Chemistry: Particles and their Behaviour

Elements, Atoms and Compounds

Physics:Forces

Biology 1 – CellsMagnificationQ: Magnification of a microscope can be calculated using the following equation:

Magnification=Eyepiece x Objective lens

Calculate the magnification of the following:

1. Eye piece: x20, Objective lens: x50 Magnification = ………………………………

2. Eye piece: x10, Objective lens: x200 Magnification = ………………………………

3. Eye piece: x15, Objective lens: x250 Magnification = ………………………………

4. Eye piece: x20, Objective lens: x1000 Magnification = ………………………………

5. Eye piece: x12, Objective lens: x50 Magnification = ………………………………

CellsQ: Label the following cells and organelles.

Type of cell: ………………………………………………. Type of cell: ……………………………………………….

Unicellular organismsQ: What does the term “Unicellular organism” mean?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: What does the term “Multicellular organism” mean?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Specialized CellsQ: State the name and function of the following specialised cells:

Cell diagram Cell name Cell function

Bacterium

Dents

Side view

Top view

OrganellesQ: Describe the function of, and where you would find, the following organelles

OrganelleAnimal cell, plant cell or

both?Function

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Cell Wall

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Food vacuole Unicellular organism

Contractile vacuole

Unicellular organism

Pseudopod Unicellular organism

Eyespot Unicellular organism

Cell reproductionQ: Describe each stage of cell reproduction below:

Stage of division Description1.

2.

3.

4.

Biology 2 – ReproductionPubertyQ: Give 3 examples of physical changes that occur during puberty in males, females and both.

Changes in males:

1. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

2. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

3. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

Changes in females:

1. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

2. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

3. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

Changes in both:

1. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

2. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

3. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

Q: What are the male and female reproductive hormones?

Males: ……………………..………………………………………………………

Females: ……………………..………………………………………………………

Sexual reproduction – Sex cellsQ: Complete the sentences below.

The female sex cells are the …………………………, also known as the …………………………

The male sex cells are the …………………………

………………………… cells are produced constantly throughout the lifetime of the human.

The human is born with all of its ………………………… cells. One matures each month during the menstrual cycle.

Reproductive systemMale Reproductive SystemQ: Label the diagrams of the male reproductive system below

Q: Describe the structure and function of the male reproductive system organs below.

Male reproductive structure Description of structure Function

Scrotum

Testis

Sperm duct

Glands

Bladder

Urethra

Penis

Female Reproductive SystemQ: Label the diagrams of the female reproductive system below

Q: Describe the structure and function of the female reproductive system organs below.

Female reproductive structure Description of structure Function

Ovary

Oviduct

Uterus

Cervix

Vagina

Urethra

Bladder

Sexual intercourse - Journey of the spermFill in the blanks of the journey of the sperm from testis to ova below

Step 1 Sperm is created in the …………………………

Step 2 The sperm travels along the …………………………

Step 3 As the sperm passes into the ………………………… it is mixed with other fluids to form …………………………

Step 4 The semen travels along the …………………………

Step 5 During ………………………… ………………………… semen is ejaculated from the penis and is deposited in the

……………...…………………………

Step 6 The sperm passes through the ………………………… into the …………………………

Step 7 The sperm travels along the ………………………… into the ………………………….

Step 8 In the ………………………… the sperm cell and the ………………………… merge

Step 9 The fertilised ………………………… (zygote) is formed and travels into the …………………………

Step 10 The zygote implants in the wall of the …………………………

Pregnancy and the foetusQ: Label the diagram with the following terms.

Amniotic fluid Placenta Cervix Umbilical cordVagina Uterus Foetus.

The menstrual cycleQ: Assign the correct order to the following statements about the menstrual cycle

Order (1-5) DescriptionIf the egg has not met with a sperm cell by about day 21 of the cycle, the lining of the uterus will stop thickening and begin to break down.

Ovulation is the release of the egg from the ovary. It occurs on day 14 of the cycle.

After ovulation, the uterus wall becomes spongy and filled with blood ready for the egg if it becomes fertilised. the egg takes about 3 days to travel down the oviduct to the uterus.

The cycle starts with the menstrual period, which lasts for about 5 days. It is the loss of the lining of the uterus, which is lost together with blood from the vagina.

Once the period has ended the wall of the uterus begins to thicken for the next egg release. Between day 5 and day 14 one egg reaches full maturity.

Plant AnatomyQ: Label the following parts of a flowering plant

PollinationQ: State and describe the two main types of pollination.

Type of pollination Description

Q: Describe three ways in which flowers attract pollinating insects

1. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

2. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

3. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

Fertilisation in plantsQ: Draw one line from each function to the correct structure

Function   Structure

    anthers

where female gametes are formed    

    ovules

where pollen grains are produced    

    stigma

where pollen grains land during pollination

   

    style

Seed dispersal and GerminationQ: Fill in the missing words in the following passage

Germination is the process where the ………………………… begins to grow into a young plant. Seeds

need …………………………, oxygen, and warmth for ………………………… to occur. The seed swells, splits, and young roots

and shoots emerge. The roots will begin to grow ………………………… into the soil. The shoots will

grow ………………………… towards the …………………………, and new leaves will develop.

Q: State 4 ways in which seeds can be dispersed:

1. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

2. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

3. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

4. …………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

Chemistry 1 – Particles and their behaviourStates of MatterQ: Tick the appropriate boxes to indicate which state of matter fits the description

Property Solid Liquid Gas Property Solid Liquid Gas

Can be poured Will expand to fill a whole container

Particles are all touching Will spread out along the bottom of a container

Particles have large gaps between them Can flow down a pipe

Particles are in a regular pattern

Would be appropriate as a building material

Particles are ordered randomly Has the highest energy

Particles are moving Has the lowest energy

Can be compressed Particles are NOT attached to each other so can move

Changing StatesQ: label the following changes of state

A: ……………………………………………………..……………… B: ……………………………………………………..………………

C: ……………………………………………………..……………… D: ……………………………………………………..………………

E: ……………………………………………………..………………

C D

BA

E

Q: Room temperature is 20°C. Predict what the physical state of the following substances will be at room temperature.

Substance Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Physical state at room temp (20°C)

A 0 100

B -400 -200

C 5 2000

D 50 500

E -150 10

F 13 112

G 447 782

DiffusionQ: Use the following words ONCE to complete the sentences below:

Diffusion Faster Small Large High Low Gas Temperature Medium Slower

The process where a liquid or a _________________ spread out is called _________________ during this process,

the liquid or gas will move from an area of _________________ concentration to an area of _________________

concentration.

The speed of _________________ can be affected by three different things.

We can increase or decrease the _________________ of the liquid or gas, this causes the particles to move

_________________.

We can change the size of particles, which will affect their speed. _________________ Particles will go much faster

than _________________ ones.

We can also change the _________________ which the particles are passing through. A Particle passing through

custard is going to go much _________________ than one passing through water.

Gas PressureQ: Gas pressure is caused by gas particles pushing outwards on the walls of it’s container.

Below is a car tyre. Add particles and arrows to the diagram to show how the movement of particles causes gas pressure.

Q: If we warm up the tyre, the gas pressure increases. What happens to the particles when you heat them up? Why does the gas pressure increase?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry 2 – Elements, Atoms and CompoundsElementsQ: What is the name of the table which contains all the different kinds of elements?

…………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………………………

Q: What is shows by each of the boxes on the table discussed above?

………………………………………………………..……………

………………………………………………………..……………

………………………………………………………..……………

………………………………………………………..……………23

11SodiumNa

MoleculesQ: Label the following diagrams as either an element, molecule or compound.

…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………

Q: Match each of the particle diagrams below with the correct statement

CompoundsQ: When two elements combine they usually end with the -ide sound. Name the products of the following reactions

1) Sodium + chlorine ………………………………………………………..……………

2) Magnesium + fluorine ………………………………………………………..……………

3) Lithium + iodine ………………………………………………………..……………

4) Chlorine + copper ………………………………………………………..……………

5) Oxygen + iron ………………………………………………………..……………

They can group up and be attached to different elements

They can group up and be attached to the same element

They can exist on their own, not attached to any other

element

Several atoms from one element onlyA singular atom

Several atoms from one element only

Lots of atoms from two different elements

Q: Name the following compounds:

1. KBr ………………………………………………………..……………

2. LiCl ………………………………………………………..……………

3. CaO ………………………………………………………..……………

4. MgO2 ………………………………………………………..……………

5. KF ………………………………………………………..……………

Chemical FormulaeQ: Write chemical formulae for the following compounds

…………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………

……………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………

Chemistry 3 – Acids and AlkalisAcids and AlkalisQ: Complete the following sentences

All acids taste …………………………

Acids create the ion …………………………

All alkalis feel …………………………

Alkalis create the ion …………………………

Q: Concentration is calculated using the following equation:

Concentration= Mass (g )volume (c m3 )

Draw an equation triangle for this equation

Q: Calculate the mass, volume and concentration missing in the following table

Mass (g) Volume (c m3) Concentration (g/cm3)500 1000

250 2000

1000 3

250 4.5

2000 5

500 0.02

pH ScaleQ: What is the range of pH? …………………………..……………

Q: What pH range shows a solution is acidic? …………………………..……………

Q: What pH range shows a solution Is alkaline? …………………………..……………

Q: What pH value shows a solution is neutral? …………………………..……………

IndicatorsQ: Do the following colours of universal indicator represent an acid, neutral or alkaline solution?

Indicator colour

Acid, alkaline or neutral? Strong or weak?

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Indigo

Violet

Q: Explain what colour change red litmus paper shows and what that indicates.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Explain what colour change blue litmus paper shows and what that indicates.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

NeutralisationQ: Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and alkali forming a neutral solution. Complete the chemical equation to show neutralisation.

Acid+Alkali→………………….+…………………….

Q: Describe the difference between an acid and a base.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Draw the curve you would expect to see if an alkali was added to a solution with pH 1 until it was pH 13.

Making Salts

Q: State what salts are formed from the following acids.

Type of acid used Name of salt

Hydrochloric (HCl)

Sulfuric (H 2SO4)

Nitric (HNO3)

Q: Predict the name of the salt formed in the following reactions

Acid Alkali/Metal oxide Salt

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Sodium hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Calcium hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Magnesium hydroxide

Nitric acid (HNO3) Lithium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid (H 2SO4) Copper oxide

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) Iron oxide

Hydroiodic acid (HI ) Zinc oxide

Soil pHQ: What pH do plants go the best in?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Why do plants die if the soil is too acidic?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Why do plants die if the soil is too alkaline?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: What do you need to add to soil to raise the pH?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: What do you need to add to soil to lower the pH?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Physics 1 – ForcesWhat are forces?Q: Define “force”

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: What is the force shown below?

………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: What units are used to measure a force? ………………………..

Drag and frictionQ: What force is described by the following definitions?

“A slowing force between 2 solid objects rubbing together” ………..…………………………………………………………..

“A slowing force between a solid object and water” ………..…………………………………………………………..

“A slowing force between a solid object and air” ………..…………………………………………………………..

“The name given to both the slowing forces of air and water” ………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Are the following statements true or false?

“Friction is between two gasses” ………..…………………………

“Friction creates heat” ………..…………………………

“Drag happens between a solid and a gas or a liquid” ………..…………………………

“Friction is NOT affected by the speed of the solid objects” ………..…………………………

“Drag is NOT affected by the speed of the solid object” ………..…………………………

Q: Explain why drag is a slowing force.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Balanced or unbalanced?Q: If the forces on a system are balanced, will the system move? Explain your answer.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Are the following systems balanced or unbalanced? If they are unbalanced, explain which direction, left or right, they will move and with what force. The first has been completed for you.

Deforming forcesQ: Give two examples of deforming forces. ………..……………………………….. and ………..………………………………..

Q: What does Hooke’s law state?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Draw an arrow to where the “Limit of proportionality” or “Elastic limit” is shown on the graph below

Weight and massQ: If an object from Earth is taken to the moon, do the mass or the weight of the object change? Explain your answer.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: The weight of an object can be calculated using the following equation

Weight (N )=Mass (kg ) x g(N /kg)

What does the term “g” in the above equation mean?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Calculate the weight of a 10kg object on the following planets

Object mass (kg) Planet g (N /kg) Object weight (N)

10 Earth 9.8

10 Jupiter 23

10 Mercury 3.7

10 Mars 3.7

10 The Moon 1.6

10 The Sun 270

Interaction pairsQ: Interaction pairs of forces are two forces that work in exact opposite directions to one another. Give an example of an interaction pair for the following forces.

Situation Main force Interaction pair.

Book at rest on a table Gravity

Pushing a box along the ground Applied force

Throwing a ball through the air Applied force

Boat moving through water Applied force

Falling with a parachute Gravity

A boat at rest on the water Gravity

A Weight held up by a rope Gravity

Q: Are the following forces contact or non-contact?

Force Contact or non-contact?

Applied force

Gravity/weight

Friction

Water resistance (drag)

Air resistance (drag)

Tension

Reaction force

Upthrust

Managing forcesQ: What is a lubricant and what force does it help to reduce?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Why are aircraft, boats and cars curved and smooth shapes rather than box-like?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Q: Draw the shape of a magnetic field and gravitational field below.