BIOLOGICAL SCIENTIST AND THE OIL

INDUSTRY: THE SEAMLESS CONNECTION

Covenant University, Ota

19th Feb. 2015

INTRODUCTION

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One of the major challenges in our industry today is successfully

meeting two needs of the planet that often appear to be conflicting:

Meeting the economic needs of the people through sustainable

development of natural resources while

Preserving the integrity and diversity of our environment. Successfully

meeting both the needs for environmental protection and economic

sustainable development can be achieved by applying some basic

principles and practices in the exploration for oil and gas.

ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM

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Organic Theory Formed from remains of microscopic plants and animals,

Rich mixture of sediments and organic materials lacking in Oxygen,

High heat and pressure, bacteria, chemical reactions and other forces worked on

organic remains

At 60 ºC Carbon and Hydrogen in rocks begin to combine chemically to

form hundreds of different kinds of hydrocarbon molecules to a

maximum temperature of 225 ºC

Inorganic Theory Formed from left over from formation of the Solar system

Formed deep within the earth

OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PHASES

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Exploration.

Seismic

Exploratory drilling

Appraisal drilling

Conceptual studies

Front End Engineering Design (FEED)

Detailed Engineering (DE)

Construction

Commissioning

Hook up

Start-up

Production

Decommissioning

Abandonment

Site Restoration

LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

National Regulations: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. 86 of 1992 DPR Env. Guidelines & Standards for Pet. Industry in Nigeria (2002). FMENV EIA Procedural and Sectorial Guideline (1991) National Policy on Environment of 1989 FMENV National Env. Protection Regulations S.1.8, 1.9 & S.1.15 (Effluent

Limitations, Pollution Abatement in Industries & Facilities Generating Wastes and Management of Solid & Hazardous Wastes) of (1991)

Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Regulation Act No. 42 (1988)

International Regulations:

MARPOL 73/78

Basel Convention, 1989

Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances, 1987

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Regulations

World Bank Guidelines Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY STRATEGY / METHODS

Desktop Research on Existing Literature and Survey Reports

Identify Sampling Locations

Field Studies – Samples / Data Collection (Wet /Dry Seasons)

Laboratory Analyses and In-situ Measurements

Collation of Results/ Impact Identification & Evaluation

Report Production

SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

Sediments. Box Corers

Hand held digital pH meters

Water CTD probe

Niskin bottles

Air quality Hand held Digital detectors

Planktons Conical tow-net

Benthic Macro-Fauna

0.5mm mesh stainless steel sieve

An empty Box Corer being deployed and received with sediment samples

Plankton Sampling Setting of Niskin bottles

Sediment being washed

over sieve

Niskin Bottle being closed by ROV

arm

QUALITY ASSURANCE/CONTROL MEASURES

Field work. Established sampling stations and number each before fieldwork

Used appropriately designed fieldwork forms /note books

Washed all samples containers and label in the station/ location

Collected duplicate samples and label immediately

Calibrated field equipment before and after use

Laboratory QA/QC Certified Laboratories used

Sample Chain of custody

Data Analysis / Reporting Subjected results to statistical analysis

Checked level of significance

FLOATING PRODUCTION STORAGE AND OFFLOADING

(FPSO) VESSEL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PHASES

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TOPSIDES & HULL DESIGN #1

ENVIRONMENT – DISPOSAL

Topsides: produced water

Oil-in-produced water content 30 ppmv/v to comply with < 40 mg/litre (TOG) as per Nigerian Legislation.

Treatment by Hydro-cyclones and CFU

Discharge monitoring by Oil-in-Water Analyzer

Discharge by Caisson

Hull: Oil in water < 15 ppm for overboard discharge (as per MARPOL)

Bilge and oily water in Hull Machinery Room treated through bilge treatment package (separation and monitoring)

Oily water in Cargo Area treated in slop water treatment package (settling). Disposal through Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment package

Hull sewage: Sewage treatment package as per MARPOL regulations

Oil in sand content for overboard disposal

1 wt% on a dry sand basis, in line with EGASPIN requirement .

Cooling water Cooling water disposal under 40°C , in

line with EGASPIN requirement .

Disposal

Caisson

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TOPSIDES & HULL DESIGN #2

ENVIRONMENT – Innovative Technology

Egina Produced water treatment is

optimized compared to existing

installations:

The Compact Floatation Unit (CFU)

With CFU, we should be recovering more

oil from produced water to further reduce

hydrocarbon footprint.

This form of floatation downstream of

the hydrocyclones is to ensure the

discharge specification of 25 mg/l TPH

(30 ppm v/v) as a matter of Company

commitment.

Sampling / Monitoring : Online oil in

water analyzer and sample points to be

provided on the common outlet from the

CFU Package.

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TOPSIDES & HULL DESIGN #3

ENVIRONMENT – EMISSIONS

NO ROUTINE FLARING

Flare Gas Recovery system is implemented in line with “ No

permanent flaring” 2008 policy.

No Routine Flaring in normal operation

Flare system installed for emergency flaring only with vent

gas recovery system (VGRU) to control gas release and

limit continuous flaring.

No routine cold venting (cargo tank venting recovery unit

provided)

ENGINES EMISSIONS

Essential Diesel Generators compliant with maximum

permissible NOx emission according to MARPOL 73/78

ANNEX VI Tier 11 NOx emission requirements

Continuous emission monitoring system fitted on all gas

turbines (Turbo Generators and Turbo Compressors)

NO

PERMANENT

FLARING

POLICY

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Limiting Emission of GHG and other gaseous

compounds affecting air quality

TOPSIDES & HULL DESIGN #4

FPSO Process Deck

SAFETY

ESD/HIPPS systems as part of effluent release control

Arrival Facilities Hard HIPS –Instrument Protection system in the event of the

mal-operation of a valve on the arrival facilities

Flare Ignition package Ignition via Pelletized system (Two independent system to be provided

Fire Fighting and Fire & Gas F &G system independent of process control system.

Fire zone & sub deluge system

FPSO Layout – Maximization of distance between accommodation (upwind of process) and hazardous areas .

Double Hull and Full application of SOLAS and classification society requirements

Topsides process deck fully plated to prevent pool fires /jet fire spread & minimize firewater demand.

Passive Fire Protection (PFP) fitted on all critical structures (increase resistance to fire)

Safety Concept and broad range of studies covering : Drop Object , Collision, PFP requirements, Technological Risks assessment, explosion modelling

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TOPSIDES & HULL OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS #1

ENVIRONMENT – EMISSIONS

HC BLANKETING AND RECOVERY SYSTEM

HC blanket gas supply is to cargo tanks, wash tanks, CST,

Methanol tanks etc (with IGG system as a back up)

(i) Purpose is to ensure blanketing in hull tanks.

(ii) to minimize environmental impact due to emission of HC,CO2

(iii) to recover HC gas from tanks and avoid lost time due to ESD on gas

detection observed on conventional venting system.

Recovery equipment

(i) 1 x 100% Flare and HC blanket gas recovery package.

(ii) Gas to be re-injected at LP compression stage inlet.

Limiting Emission of GHG and

other gaseous compounds

affecting air quality

HC

BLANKETING

WITH

RECOVERY

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TOPSIDES & HULL OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS #2

ENVIRONMENT – MISCELLANEOUS

Closed drain system

Oil spill control equipment fitted at all

critical locations on hull (drip trays

around bunkering stations)

Waste heat recovery system on gas

turbine exhausts for process

Reduces outlet Temperature of exhaust

gas and reduce gas consumption

Chemical Handling & Management

Facilities e.g.

Tote tanks to be used for all chemical

transfers

HVAC System – Use of environment

friendly refrigerant (R134a)

Hull: Double side Shell and full

application of MARPOL Regulations

Operational metering to include Diesel,

Flared and blanket gas etc

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DECOMMISSIONING, ABANDONMENT AND SITE RESTORATION

At the end of project life cycle, which is 25 years after commissioning activities, a complete Decommissioning Plan shall be reviewed and initiated with the relevant authorities.

All main facilities are designed to be fully “dismountable”. The development well architecture is designed to facilitate the further plugging operations.

Field abandonment shall be performed for all facilities either for safety reason or to be reused at another field. Any facilities and equipment that will be left onsite must be cleaned, capped to avoid leaking.

Decommissioning studies shall be based on International Maritime Organisation (IMO) guidelines and standards, DPR Regulations and the Total requirements (Directive 13).

Decommissioning an FPSO system shall involves removing the FPSO vessel from the field, either for salvage or for reuse at another field. Components such as jumpers, risers, mooring lines, anchors, manifolds and some wellhead equipment (subsea trees) shall be retrieved for salvage. Flow lines and umbilicals may be cleaned, capped, and abandoned on the sea floor. Subsea wells can be plugged and abandoned in accordance with applicable regulations.

OIL INDUSTRY INITIATIVE: DEEPWATER

BIODIVERSITY SURVEY

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NIGERIAN DEEP-SEA BIOLOGY

Gulf of Guinea region sampling: 1950s Galathea expedition 8 samples >

200m

1950s R/V Calypso <200m

1965 R/V Pillsbury <200m

Limited existing scientific data < 20 biological sample stations

Existing data suggests area variable with depth and location

Prior to Total surveys it was impossible to predict seafloor life

AIMS

Use work-class Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) during periods of stand-by time and add value to existing data

Quantitative video survey covering representative habitats

Specimen collection for biodiversity validation

Hydrographic data collection

Sediment assessment

Capacity building links and training in ROV biodiversity assessment

ROV SURVEY ROV survey

Constant depth (750 m)

Slope variation <1 degree

2 degree

10 degree

30 degree

Replicated (x3)

Random

Quantitative

FINDINGS

A total of 24 invertebrate species were observed at Usan from six animal groups (phyla). Echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea cucumbers, were dominant with 10 species found representing 64% of the animals observed.

The sea urchin, Phormosoma placenta, was the most common animal which accounting for over half of the animals observed. Eight cnidarian species, particularly anemones, were identified but they only represented 4% of the total density.

Crustaceans, such as crabs, were numerically important (31 % total fauna) but only represented by three taxa and only one of these, a squat lobster, accounted for the vast majority of the faunal numbers.

10 species of fish were observed.

CAPACITY BUILDING

Knowledge exchange

Deep water survey techniques

Samples for local analysis

University exchange programme

CONCLUSION: BUSINESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Presentation title - Place and Country - Date

Month Day Year

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BUSINESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: CHALLENGES

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Benefits of an Organisation’s Environmental activities and performance are often

undervalued because of:

Communication barriers between environmental professionals, Operations and engineering,

and senior management

Lack of Standard metrics for evaluating all aspects of environmental performance

Industry associations, non-governmental organisations, and regulatory agencies are

consistently generating new and more stringent standards/ regulations based on

performance and stakeholder expectations.

Unprecedented demands and business uncertainty posed by prospective climate

change regulations

BUSINESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: POSSIBLE

SOLUTIONS

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Business integration of environmental activities into commercial and asset planning

Risk Management of operational activities by ensuring regulatory compliance and

minimizing environmental foot print.

Stakeholder Engagement both internal and external, to facilitate transparency and

trust

Regulatory development to advocate appropriate and realistic strategies in relation to

emerging regulatory policies

Adoption of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

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THANKS