biologi sel pancasakti
TRANSCRIPT
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Biologi sel
Adriani, S.Si.,M.Kes
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Identitas mata kuliah
Mata kuliah : Biologi Sel
Bobot SKS : 2 (Dua)
Jurusan/prodi : Farmasi
Dosen : Adriani S.Si., M.Kes
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Kontrak perkuliahan
Deskripsi singkat
Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang konsep dasar sel, Jenis-jenis sel, organel sel, reproduksi sel dan sel kanker
II. Tujuan instruksional umum (TIU)
Mahasiswa mampu mengaplikasikan konsep dasar sel, organel dan reproduksi sel kaitannya dengan sel kanker dalam bidang farmasi
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Materi Secara Umum
Konsep dasar sel(sejarah, defenisi, fungsi) Jenis-jenis sel Organel sel Reproduksi sel Sel kanker
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Distribusi materi
Pendahuluan Teori dan sejarah perkembangan sel Sel prokariotik dan sel aukariotik Sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan Organel sel Pengamatan sel Reproduksi sel Sel kanker Aplikasi biologi sel dalam dunia farmasi
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Penilaian
Absensi Tugas Mid Final
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Most cells are smallProkaryotic: 1-10 μmEukaryotic: 10 - 100 μm(1 μm = .001 mm)
Sel dan organel
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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Plant and Animal cells contain many of the same structures and organelles
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RUANG LINGKUP BIOLOGI SEL
BIOKIMIA
BIOTEKNOLOGI
SITOLOGIGENETIKA
MIKROBIOLOGI
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MANFAAT MEMPELAJARI BIOSEL
Bidang industri Bidang pangan
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MANFAAT MEMPELAJARI BIOSEL
Rekayasa Genetika Bioteknologi kedokteran
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MANFAAT MEMPELAJARI BIOSEL
Lingkungan
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TEORI SEL DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA
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Pendahuluan
Sejarah perkembangan sel meliputi penemu penemu sel beserta teori yang dikemukakannya
Teori asal usul kehidupan berkaitan dengan teori sel
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Teori asal usul kehidupan
Teori abiogenesis- Anthonie van Leuwenhoek
- John Needham
- Aristoteles Teori biogenesis
- Lazzaro Spanllanzani
- Fransisco Redi
- Louis Pasteur
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SEJARAH PENEMUAN SEL
Galileo Galilei (Awal abad 17) dengan alat dua lensa menggambarkan struktur tipis dari mata serangga
Galilei sesungguhnya bukan seorang biologiwan
Orang pertama yang mencatat hasil pengamatan biologi melalui mikroskop
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Anthonie van Leuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Penemu mikroskop/ Bapak mikroskop Mengamati animanculus (protozoa), bakteri,
sel manusia, sel vertebrata dan pergerakan sel darah pada kapiler kaki katak
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Anthonie Van Leuwenhoek
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Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)
Mengamati jaringan pada organ dan perkembangan embrio ayam
Jaringan tersusun atas unit struktural ---utricles
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Robert Hooke (1963)
Memperkenalkan istilah cellula
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Rene Dutrochet (1776-1847) : hewan dan tumbuhan tersusun atas sel-sel globular
Robert Brown (1773-1858) : penemu inti Johanes E. Purkinje (1787-1869) :
memperkenalkan istilah protoplasma
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Mathias J. Schleiden (1804-1882) dan Theodore Schwann (1810-1882) : teori sel (Semua organisme terdiri atas sel, dan sel merupakan unit dasar organisasi kehidupan)
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) : omne cellula et cellulae
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SchleidenAll plants are made of cells!
Onion skin cells
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2. Schwann
All animals are made of cells!
Human red blood cells
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Who came up with this theory?
3. Virchow All cells come from pre-
existing cells!
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The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. Living cells come only from other living cells.
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Yohanes Purkinje Schleiden T. Schwan Rudolf Virchow
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« Omnis cellula e cellula »
Rudolf Virchow (1858) noted that: “all cells come from pre-existing cells”
Image Credit Cell division
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Dikelilingi oleh membran
Protoplasm – bagian sel yang mengandung cairan
Memiliki organel Control center with
DNA
Karakteristik suatu sel
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Modern Cell Theory
Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory:
The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)
Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)
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Cell Size
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How big are cells?
Smallest free-living cell = Mycoplasma genitalium
Size = 0.2 to 0.3 µm
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How big are cells?
Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka E.coli)
Size=1 µm by 3 µm
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How big are cells?
Human red blood cell = 8 µm in diameter
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How big are cells?
Largest cell on the human body =
ovum Size= 1000 µm in diameter
(1 mm)
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How big are cells?
Smallest cell in the human body =
sperm cell.
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How big are cells?
Largest cell with a metabolism =
Chaos chaos
Size=1-5 mm in length.
common name =
Giant Amoeba
Chaos diffluens, is an amoeba closely related to the giant amoebae
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How big are cells?
Largest cell = yolk of an ostrich egg
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Ostrich, egg, humans
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SEL PROKARIOTIK DAN SEL EUKARIOTIK
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Tipe sel berdasarkan ada tidaknya membran Inti
Sel eukariotik Sel prokariotik
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Sel prokariotik
Ukuran mikroskopik Tanpa organel dan membran inti Memiliki plasmid Bersifat heterotrof dan autotrof Reproduksi sel secara sederhana Ditemukan pada bakteri dan cyanobacteria
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Prokaryote Cell Shapes
Spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), spirals (spirilla)
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A Prokaryotic Cell
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Flagella and Pili
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Prokaryotic Fission
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Image: Phylogenetic Tree, Eric Gaba, NASA Astrobiology Institute.From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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Contoh bakteri
Gram positif Gram negatif
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus
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Sel eukariotik
Memiliki membran inti dan kromosom Mengalami siklus mitosis Memiliki organel Ditemukan pada khamir, fungi, alga,
protozoa, animalia dan plantae
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Contoh sel eukariotik
Sel hewan Sel tumbuhan
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Contoh organisme eukariotik
Euglena sp
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Contoh organisme eukariotik
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma brucei
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Contoh organisme eukariotik
Alga Amoeba dan mold
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Contoh organisme eukariotik
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Virus
Ultramikroskopik Aseluler Organisme peralihan Asam nukleat berupa DNA atau RNA Parasit obligat intraseluler Reproduksi secara litik dan lisogenik
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Struktur virus
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Struktur kapsid
Nucleic Acid
Spike Projections
ProteinCapsid
Lipid Envelope
VirionAssociatedPolymerase
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Replikasi virus (litic cycle)
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The Lysogenic Cycle
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DNA VIRUSES
RNA VIRUSES
KLASIFIKASI VIRUS
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Virus-induced transformationNormal cells Transformed cells
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Virus influenza
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Virus HIV
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VIRUS
DNA
RNA
EUKARIOT
DNA KROMOSOM
DNA EKSTRA KROMOSM(PALSMID)
BAKTERI
DNA KROMOSM (DNA INTI)
DNA EKSTRA KROMOSM(DNA SITOPLASMA)
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Peranan virus : menguntungkan
Bahan vaksinasi
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Penyakit pada hewan akibat virus
Flu Burung Rabies
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Penyakit pada tumbuhan akibat virus
Penyakit mozaik Penyakit tungro
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Penyakit pada manusia akibat virus
Campak/Rubella hepatitis
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Polio
Penyakit pada manusia akibat virus
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Sekian dan terima kasih