bioindication in aquatic ecosystems. periphyton periphyton as indicators periphyton are used as...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIOINDICATION
IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
![Page 2: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Periphyton
![Page 3: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Periphyton as indicatorsPeriphyton are used as indicators of
environmental condition because they respond rapidly and are sensitive to a number of anthropogenic disturbances, including:habitat degradationnutrient enrichmentmetalsherbicideshydrocarbonsacidification
![Page 4: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Periphyton Biomass Measurements
Ash-Free Dry Weight
Pigment Analysis
Biovolume Measurement
![Page 5: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Periphyton – Sampling methodsOne way to scrape a
known area is to lay a plastic 35 mm slide (film removed) over the rock and scrape off the material within the slide area
scrub area = 2.3cmX3.5cm=8cm2
![Page 6: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Rocks don’t always look like they have much on them
Nearly all the stuff scrubbed off this one was organic matter –most of it living algaeS.Loeb and J.Reuter images
Periphyton – Sampling methods
![Page 7: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Material from a rock scrub contains macro and micro invertebrates, detritus, fungi, bacteria, as well as algae
Periphyton – in situ sampling
![Page 8: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Periphyton – III. Preservation methods Lugols’s iodine can used if the algae of
interest are soft bodied forms (i.e. blue-greens and green algae).
If interested only in diatoms, it may be best to preserve in 70% ethanol.
Freeze sediment samples if they are to be analyzed for surficial chlorophyll.
![Page 9: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Here’s a portion of the previous sample after being deposited on a glass fiber filter in preparation for chlorophyll extraction or AFDW determination.
Periphyton – sample prep
![Page 10: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Periphyton – pigment analysis
Chlorophyll extraction:Tear filter into several piecesPlace in a test tubeAdd 10 mLs of 90% acetoneExtract overnight at 4oC
Chlorophyll analysisAfter 18-24 hr extraction,
centrifuge to settle filter debrisRead absorbance or
fluorescence of the supernatant
![Page 11: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Periphyton – biomass estimation • Wet weight
• Dry weight (dried at 103–105 oC)
• Ash free dry weight (AFDW)
• Loss on ignition (LOI)
• Combust at 475-550 oC
• Chlorophyll (extract as per phytoplankton)
• Particulate organic carbon and/or nitrogen (POC or PON)
Muffle furnace
![Page 12: BIOINDICATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. Periphyton Periphyton as indicators Periphyton are used as indicators of environmental condition because they respond](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649c9b5503460f9495971b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Project NameWater Quality Samples scrub area = 2.3cmX3.5cm=8cm2
2002 8 cm2=0.0008 m2 X 3 scrubs = .0024 m2 total areaNRRI Central Analytical Labemr 12/4/02
Sample Run chlorophyll phaeophytin volume total chlorophyllPeriphyton Date Date ug/L ug/L filtered (mLs) volume (mLs) mg/m2Whatever Creek 5/6/2002 5/15/2002 130 60 45 45 2.4
Sample Run Dry Wt AFDW total volume AFDWDate Date mg/L mg/L volume (mLs) filtered (mLs) g/m2
Whatever Creek 5/6/2002 5/8/2002 156 117 319 122 6.0
chlorophyll
AFDW
Once you have a measure of chlorophyll or AFDW you’ll need to calculate per unit area.
Periphyton – biomass calculations