biogeoclimatic unit cwhds1 cwhds2 cwhms1 cwhms2 …
TRANSCRIPT
TREE
LAYER
Thuja plicata Tsuga heterophylla
Abies amabilis Pseudotsuga menziesii
Betula papyrifera Picea sitchensis
Tsuga mertensiana Pinus contorta
Vaccinium membranaceum Menziesia ferruginea Vaccinium parvifolium Vaccinium alaskaense Vaccinium ovalifolium Chimaphila umbellata Paxistima myrsinites
Acer glabrum Acer circinatum
Mahonia nervosa Rosa gymnocarpa
Lonicera ciliosa Amelanchier alnifolia
Spiraea betulifolia Symphoricarpos albus
Corylus cornuta Holodiscus discolor
Mahonia aquifolium Rosa acicularis
Gaultheria shallon
Clintonia uniflora Cornus canadensis
Goodyera oblongifolia Orthilia secunda
Rubus pedatus Streptopus roseus
Streptopus streptopoides Linnaea borealis Pyrola asarifolia Trientalis latifolia
SHRUB
LAYER
HERB LAYER
western redcedar western hemlock amabilis fir Douglas-fir paper birch Sitka spruce lodgepole pine mountain hemlock black huckleberry false azalea red huckleberry Alaskan blueberry oval-leaved blueberry prince's pine falsebox Douglas maple vine maple dull Oregon-grape baldhip rose western trumpet honeysuckle saskatoon birch-leaved spirea common snowberry beaked hazelnut ocean spray tall Oregon-grape prickly rose salal queen's cup bunchberry rattlesnake-plantain one-sided wintergreen five-leaved bramble rosy twistedstalk small twistedstalk twinflower pink wintergreen broad-leaved starflower
Biogeoclimatic Unit CWHds1 CWHds2 CWHms1 CWHms2 CWHws2 IDFwwT
AB
LE 16. V
egetation table for zonal sites of submaritim
e CW
H variants
and the IDF
ww
40
HERB Polystichum munitum
LAYER Disporum hookeri
Calamagrostis rubescens
Disporum trachycarpum Mycelis muralis
MOSS Hylocomium splendens
Pleurozium schreberi LAYER Rhytidiopsis robusta
Rhytidiadelphus loreus Dicranum fuscescens
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Kindbergia oregana
Dicranum pallidisetum
Festuca spp.
sword fern Hooker's fairybells pinegrass fescue rough-fruited fairybells wall-!ettuce step moss red-stemmed feathermoss pipecleaner moss lanky moss curly heron's-bill moss electrified cat's tail moss Oregon beaked moss pale-stalked broom moss
Biogeoclimatic Unit CWHds1 CWHds2 CWHms1 CWHms2 CWHws2 IDFww
TA
BLE
16. (Continued)
41
Biogeoclimatic unit CWHdsl CWHds2 IDFww ~~ CWHmsl
Number of stations Name o f reference Pemberton Alta Lk. Hells Gate
Elevation of reference station (m) 218 668 122 Mean annual range 990 to 2054 1614 to 2109 1415 to 1420 precipitation (mm) ref. stn. 1187 - 1415 1198
May to September range 197 to 350 357 to491 265 to276 precipitation (mm) ref. stn. 224 265 176
Total mean range 193 to 478 139 to 190 609 to 657 annual snowfall (cm) ref. stn. 3 10
- 657 188 Mean annual range 6.4 to 9.7 temperature (°C) ref. stn. - 7.2 5.7 9.2
Mean temperature o f range -0.4 to -6.6 -1.8 to -2.8 the coldest month (°C) ref. stn. -5.6
Extreme minimum range -4.4 -2.6
temperature (°C) ref. stn. -30.0 - -30.6 -27.8 Mean temperature of range 15.3 to 18.7 16.1 to 16.5 the warmest month (°C) ref. stn. 18.7 15.3 20.4
Extreme maximum range 36.7 to 40.0 33.9 to 37.8 - temperature (ºC) ref. stn. 39.4 - 36.1 40.6
Growing degree-days range 1732 to 2130 1591 to 1626 > 5 (°C) ref. stn. 1817 - 1279 2194
Frost-free period range 128 to 225 161 to 198
7a 2b 2 1c
station BCFS
-
-
-
7.5 to 7.7 - -
- -
-
-24.4 to -40.0 -22.2 to -28.9 - -
- -
- -
(days) ref. stn. - 116 204 -
150 -
a Temperature data based on 5 stations. b Both stations are near CWHms2. c Station is from lower part of subzone.
No data.
TA
BLE
20. Clim
atic data for certain submaritim
eC
WH
variants and the IDF
ww45
–
–
–
49
4.4 CWHds2 - Central Dry Submaritime CoastalWestern Hemlock Variant
DISTRIBUTION: The CWHds2 occurs at low elevations in submaritimeand subcontinental areas north of the head of Knight Inlet. Its majoroccurrences include the lower Klinaklini, Bella Coola, Talchako, andDean valleys. Elevational limits range from valley bottom toapproximately 500 m.
CLIMATE (Table 20): The CWHds2 has a climate transitional between thecoast and interior, characterized by warm, dry summers and moist, coolwinters with moderate snowfall. Growing seasons feature water deficitson zonal sites.
VEGETATION (Table 16): Forests on zonal sites are dominated by Fd,Hw, Cw, and minor paper birch. The understorey is characterized byrelatively poorly developed shrub and herb layers featuring some Douglasmaple and minor amounts of queen's cup, with a well-developed mosslayer dominated by Hylocomium splendens, Rhytidiadelphus triquetris,and minor amounts of Rhytidiopsis robusta and Pleurozium schreberi.
DISTINGUISHING ADJACENT UNITS FROM THE CWHds2 (using zonalsites)
CWHms2 - occurs adjacent and above; it has:• common Ba and Alaskan blueberry
CWHws2 - occurs adjacent and above; it has:• common Ba and Alaskan blueberry
IDFww - occurs adjacent to the east; it has• much less Hw• more falsebox• well-developed shrub layer with a mix of species (e.g., tall Oregon-
grape, baldhip rose, western trumpet honeysuckle, saskatoon, birch-leaved spirea, beaked hazelnut, etc.)
75
5.2 Site Classification Grids and VegetationSummary Tables
TABLE 21. Index of site classification grids
Gridno.
Site category Biogeoclimatic unit
1 General CDFmm 2 General CWHdm 3 General CWHds1 4 General CWHds2 5 General CWHmm1 6 General CWHmm2 7 General CWHms1 8 General CWHms2 9 General CWHvh110 General CWHvh211 General CWHvm112 General CWHvm213 General CWHwh114 General CWHwh215 General CWHws216 General CWHxm17 General ESSFmw18 General IDFww19 General MHmm120 General MHmm221 General MHwh22 Special - Floodplains CDFmm23 Special - Floodplains CWHdm,CWHds1,CWHxm24 Special - Floodplains CWHds225 Special - Floodplains CWHmm126 Special - Floodplains CWHms1,CWHms227 Special - Floodplains CWHwh128 Special - Floodplains CWHvh1,CWHvh229 Special - Floodplains CWHvm130 Special - Floodplains CWHws231 Special - Fluctuat water table CDFmm32 Special - Fluctuat. water table CWHdm, CWHxm33 Special - Shoreline/ocean spray CWHwh,CWHvh
FLOODPLAINS
Grids No: 22-24
High Bench
Medium Bench
Low Bench
High Bench
Medium Bench
Low Bench
High Bench
Medium Bench
Low Bench
Grid No. 22
CDFmm
07 Cw - Snowberry
08 Act - Red-osier dogwood
09 Act - Willow
Medium to very rich soil nutrient regime
Grid No. 23
CWHdm, CWHds1, CWHxm
08 Ss - Salmonberry
09 Act - Red-osier dogwood
10 Act - Willow
Medium to very rich soil nutrient regime
Grid No. 24
CWHds2
08 Ss - Salmonberry
09 Act - Red-osier dogwood
10 Act - Willow
Medium to very rich soil nutrient regime
135
6.1.6 Recommended tree species grids
TABLE 24. Index of recommended tree species grids
Gridno.
Site category Biogeoclimatic unit
1 General CDFmm 2 General CWHdm 3 General CWHds1 4 General CWHds2 5 General CWHmm1 6 General CWHmm2 7 General CWHms1 8 General CWHms2 9 General CWHvh110 General CWHvh211 General CWHvm112 General CWHvm213 General CWHwh114 General CWHwh215 General CWHws216 General CWHxm17 General ESSFmw18 General IDFww19 General MHmm120 General MHmm221 General MHwh22 Special - Floodplains CDFmm23 Special - Floodplains CWHdm,CWHds1,CWHxm24 Special - Floodplains CWHds225 Special - Floodplains CWHmm126 Special - Floodplains CWHms1,CWHms227 Special - Floodplains CWHwh128 Special - Floodplains CWHvh1,CWHvh229 Special - Floodplains CWHvm130 Special - Floodplains CWHws231 Special - Fluctuat water table CDFmm32 Special - Fluctuat. water table CWHdm, CWHxm33 Special - Shoreline/ocean spray CWHwh,CWHvh
142
Comments: Grid No. 4 CWHds2
GENERAL COMMENTS:
• Se may be more suitable than Ss in the eastern, upper portion of the variant
• high hazard for Sitka spruce weevil; moderate hazard for Armillaria root rot
SPECIFIC COMMENTS:
01 Hw is an alternative to Fd in the wetter portion of the variant
02 marginal sites for timber production
03 Pl is an alternative to Fd; Cw can function as a non-crop (nurse) species
04 Pl is an alternative to Fd
05 Ss is a suitable minor species except in the eastern, upper portion of thevariant where Se is more suitable
06 Fd is an alternative to Hw except on very moist / nutrient very poor to poorsites
07 Ss is an alternative to Fd; Fd should be restricted to elevated microsites onstrongly gleyed soils
11 marginal sites for timber production; elevated microsites are preferred
12 elevated microsites are preferred
VD 0
M D 1
M D 2
S D 3
F 4
M 5
VM 6
W 7
Soil nutrient regime
Poor Poor Medium Rich Rich Very
A B C D E
See comments on facing page
* See grid # 2 4 for site series 08 - 10
Site series
01 HwFd - Cat's-tail moss 06 Hw - Queen's cup
02 FdPl - Kinnikinnick 07 Cw - Devil's club
03 FdHw - Falsebox 11 Pl - Sphagnum
04 Fd - Fairybells 12 CwSs - Skunk cabbage
06 Cw - Solomon's-seal
Very
180
Comments: Floodplain sites Grids No. 24 and 25
GENERAL COMMENTS:
Floodplain sites have high fisheries, wildlife, water, and aesthetic values - refer tothe appropriate guidelines for riparian ecosystem management.
• high bench sites are suited to the following options:
1. conifer management2. hardwood management3. mixed hardwood / conifer management
• medium bench sites are best suited to hardwood management because of thehigh frequency of flooding, severe competition from deciduous trees andshrubs, and the restriction of conifers to elevated microsites. It may bepossible to manage for conifers if elevated microsites occupy a sufficientlylarge portion of the area.
• low bench sites are marginally productive
SPECIFIC COMMENTS:
Grids No.24-25: high hazard for Ss weevil; hardwood management notrecommended on high bench sites with very coarse textured soils (>70% coarsefragment content)
SPECIAL SITES
FLOODPLAINS
Grid No. 24 - 25
Grid No. 24
CWHds2
High Bench
Medium Bench
Low Bench
High Bench
Medium Bench
Low Bench
08 Cw(Ss) Act or Dr
09 Cw(Ss) Act or [Dr]
10 Act
Medium to very rich soil nutrient regime
See comments on facing page
Grid No. 26
CWHmm1
08 CwBa Act or Dr
09 CwBa Act or [Dr]
10 Act
Medium to very rich soil nutrient regime
See comments on facing page
Site series
CWHds2, CWHmm1
08 Ss - Salmonberry
09 Act - Red-osier dogwood
10 Act - Willow
181
Grid No. 3: CWHds1 Grid No. 4: CWHds2
VD 0
MD 1
MD 2
SD 3
F 4
M 5
VM 6
W 7
Soil Nutrient Regime Very Poor Poor Medium Rich Rich A B C D E
VD 0
MD 1
MD 2
SD 3
F 4
M 5
VM 6
W 7
Soil Nutrient Regime Very Poor Poor Medium Rich Rich
A B C D E
Very
FLOODPLAINS
High
Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
High
Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
Grid No. 22
CDFmm
Grid No. 24
CWHds2
SI class for Act in square.
Grid No. 23
CWHdm, CWHds1, CWHxm
High Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
High
Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
Grid No. 25
CWHmm1
FLOODPLAINS
High
Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
High
Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
Grid No. 22
CDFmm
Grid No. 24
CWHds2
SI class for Act in square.
Grid No. 23
CWHdm, CWHds1, CWHxm
High Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
High
Bench
Medium
Bench
Low
Bench
Grid No. 25
CWHmm1
282
APPENDIX 8. Correlation of old and newbiogeoclimatic and site units.
TABLE A-1. Biogeoclimatic units
Newsymbol
New name Oldsymbol a
CDFmm Moist Maritime CDF CDFaCWHdm Dry Maritime CWH CWHa2CWHds1 Southern Dry Submaritime CWH CWHc1CWHds2 Central Dry Submaritime CWH CWHc2, h1, h2CWHmm1 Submontane Moist Maritime CWH CWHb3CWHmm2 Montane Moist Maritime CWH CWHb4CWHms1 Southern Moist Submaritime CWH CWHb5CWHms2 Central Moist Submaritime CWH CWHb6, h3CWHvh1 Southern Very Wet Hypermaritime
CWHCWHd1
CWHvh2 Central Very Wet HypermaritimeCWH
CWHd2,CCPH
CWHvm1 Submontane Very Wet MaritimeCWH
CWHb1, i1
CWHvm2 Montane Very Wet Maritime CWH CWHb2, i2CWHwh1 Submontane Wet Hypermaritime
CWHCWHe1, g1
CWHwh2 Montane Wet Hypermaritime CWH CWHe2, g2CWHws2 Montane Wet Submaritime CWH CWHb7, f2, i3CWHxm1b Eastern Very Dry Maritime CWH CDFbCWHxm2b Western Very Dry Maritime CWH CWHa1ESSFmw Moist Warm ESSF ESSFfIDFww Wet Warm IDF IDFeMHmm1 Windward Moist Maritime MH MHa, dMHmm2 Leeward Moist Maritime MH MHb, eMHwh Wet Hypermaritime MH MHc, f
a From Yole et al. (1982), Banner, et al. 1983, Green, et al. (1984), Pojar et al.(1988).b Combined into CWHxm in this guide because of floristic and managementsimilarities.
APPENDIX 8. ( Continued )
TABLE A-2. Site units
2 CWHdm 8 CWHa2
3 CWHds1 18 CWHc1
4 CWHds2 17 CWHc2
5 CWHmm1 11 CWHb3
6 CWHmm2 12 CWHb4
7 CWHms13
13 CWHb5
8 CWHms2 3 14 CWHb6
9,10 CWHvh, 18 CWHd
11 CWHvm1 9 CWHb1
12 CWHvm2 10 CWHb2
13,14 CWHwh *
15 CWHWS2 3 15 CWHb7i
16 CWHxm4 '7 CWHa1
17 ESSFmw5
3 ESSFf
18 IDFww6
4,5 lDFe
19 MHmm1 1 MHa
20 MHmm2 2 MHb
21 MHwh *
* No equivalent in Green et al. (1984) 1 New site series includes portions of old site units 1 and 3
New site series includes portions of old site units 2 and 4 3 No new equivalent for old site unit 3
CWHxm most closely represents the old CWHa1 5 No new equivalent for old site units 3,5, and 8 6 No new equivalent for old site units 2,5,7, and 8 7 New site series includes old site units 1 and 2
New grid # Old grid # and and
BGC unit BGC unit
1 CDFmm 6 CDF
283
4