biogeochemistry in castilla-la mancha region (south-central ......castilla-la mancha –elaboración...

Biogeochemistry in Castilla-La Mancha region (South-Central Spain) – Concerns on mining vs. agriculture relationships

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Pablo L. Higueras1,2; Francisco J. García-Navarro1,3; Marta M. Moreno3; José M. Esbrí1,2; Jesús García-Pradas1,3; Sara González-Mora3; Jesús D. Peco1,3; Carlos Ortega3; Sofía Rivera1,2; José A. Amorós1,3; Saturnino Lorenzo1,2; Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes1,3; Sandra Bravo1,3; Jaime Villena3; Juan A. Campos1,3; Carmen Moreno3; Eva M. García-Noguero1,2; Concepción Arance3; Concepción Fabeiro4

1.Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Univ. Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM).

2.Escuela de Ingeniería Minera e Industrial de Almadén, UCLM. Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain.

3.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Ciudad Real, UCLM. Ronda de Calatrava s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.

4.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes de Albacete, UCLM. Campus Universitario s/n. 02071 Albacete, Spain.

Biogeochemistry in Castilla-La Mancha region (South-Central Spain) – Concerns on mining vs.

agriculture relationships


1Biogeochemistry in Castilla-La Mancha region (South-Central Spain) – Concerns on mining vs.


This Research corresponds to a Project funded by Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha region. The project is aimed at generating biogeochemical information and maps, as well as background, reference and anomalous valous for elemental concentrations in soils and plants in Castilla-La Mancha region, in South-Central Spain.

This is a coordinated project, including three subprojects:

- Subproject 1: Biogeochemical map of Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) region. Leaded by Pablo L. Higueras ([email protected])

- Subproject 2: Traceability of agricultural products in CLM based on geochemical and isotopic fingerprint. Leaded by Francisco J. García-Navarro ([email protected])

- Subproject 3: CLM agricultural soil quality based on biological indicators . Leaded by Marta M. Moreno ([email protected])

mailto:[email protected]






• The region: 79.463 km², 2,035 · 106 inhabitants (2019)

• Agriculture: first national producer of grape and wine; second national producer of olive oil; 25 % of national production of barley

• Geology: three domains: Hercynian domain (mostly siliceous: shales and quartzites); Alpine domain (carbonate rocks, mostly limestones); post-orogenic domain (detritic rocks and sediments, also including salts (Na- and Ca- sulphates) and special phyllosilicates (sepiolite-palygosrkite)

• Mining: Important Hg district (Almadén); minor districts for metals: Pb-Zn-Ag (Valle de Alcudia and Sevilleja de la Jara); Sb (Almuradiel); Mn-Co (Campos de Calatrava). Industrial rocks and minerals: clay (several areas, in the three geological domains); granite (Montes de Toledo area); Ca salts (gypsum) (several extensive areas in the Alpine and post-orogenic domains); Na salts (glauberite-thenardine) (Toledo-Tagus basin area); and diatomites/tripoli (Hellín basin).




• Subproject 1: Biogeochemical map of Castilla-La Mancha region – methodology

• The sampling grid is made up of 10x10 km cells, with the sampling point located inside according to lithological criteria

• Collection of soil and biota samples all along the region (908 sites)

• Soils samples at two depths: 0-15 and 15-30 cm. Taken as a composite sample with an Ejkelkamp sampler at three locations per site

• Biota samples taken from 1 to 5 trees, corresponding to leaf from acorn tree (Quercus rotundifolia) or olive tree (Olea europaea), as most

extensive woody and perennial trees of the region – One wild (Q. rotundifolia) and the other, agricultural (O. europaea)

• Both types of samples analysed by means of X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry with energy dispersion – Malvern-PAnalytical Epsilon 1 device




• Subproject 1: Biogeochemical map of Castilla-La Mancha region – objectives to reach

• Mapping of major and trace elements concentrations in soils of the region, studying their relationships with lithologies

• Mapping of areas of special interest through sampling densification to obtain details related with ore deposits

• Quality control study of sampling and analysis processes in regional geochemical projects

• Characterization of background and generic reference levels for the soils of the region, as well as anomalous areas, for most of the common

elements, including contamination indices

• Characterization of background and anomalous elemental concentrations in leaves of the most common woody plants present in the region

• Identification of elements transfer processes at the soil-plant interface, both for essential and toxic elements to wild and agronomic plants

Root uptake

Foliar uptake

Traslocation

SiO2 in Almadén and Guadalmez synclines

Quality control study

Sampling Analysis

✓ Soil heterogeneity✓ Sampling equipment✓ Sample preparation

✓ Sample heterogeneity✓ Sample type✓ Equipment drift✓ Accuracy✓ Analysis duration




• Subproject 2: Traceability of agricultural products in CLM based on geochemical and isotopic fingerprint – methodology

• Collection of soil, leaves, grapes and wine samples all along the region, at selected vineyards, after agreement with them to provide access

to local vines and locally produced wine

• Soils samples at one depths: 0-15 cm

• Leaf and grape samples taken from the vineyard (Vitis vinifera) closest to the soil sample

• Wine samples taken from the winery after the first fermentation (alcoholic fermentation)

• All types of samples analysed by means of MC-ICP-MS Neptune (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) from Scientific-Technical

Services of the University of Oviedo




• Subproject 2: Traceability of agricultural products in CLM based on geochemical and isotopic fingerprint – objectives to reach

• Determine those chemical elements present in the soil that are absorbed by the plant, appear in the fruit and therefore can be

transmitted to the elaborated product

• Through stable isotopes of chemical elements present in soils that keep their isotopic relationships constant in the soil-plant-fruit-wine

route, such as Sr87/Sr86

• Being able to ensure and authenticate the geological provenance of a product, in this case wine




• Subproject 3: Castilla-La Mancha agricultural soil quality based on biological indicators – methodology

• Collection of soil samples all along the region (200 agricultural plots, chosen in different types of soils, agricultural management and crop)

• Agricultural management: organic (Council Regulation EEC No. 834/2007) and conventional farming. Crops: olive, almond and pistachio trees,

vineyard and cereal crops.

• Soil samples at 0-15 cm depth, four subsamples per plot.

• Sampling carried out in the summer period (samples standardized at the same conditions)

• Description of the main characteristics of each area (erosion, vegetation cover, slope, etc.).

• In situ measurements: soil temperature, water content (TDR 300), compaction (FieldScout SC-900 6110FS), CO2 fluxes (EGM-4 de PP System).

• Laboratory measurements: basic physico-chemical and biological analysis: enzymatic activity, basal respiration, microbial biomass, metabolic

quotient (qCO2).




• Subproject 3: Castilla-La Mancha agricultural soil quality based on biological indicators – objectives to reach

• Characterization of the agricultural soils of the region, based on biological indices, distinguishing types of soils, agricultural management and

crops.

• Acquisition of in situ information related to agroecological quality indicators.

• Calculation of soil quality indices.

• Composition of a biological map distribution.




• Whole project 3 – Objectives to reach

• Distribution of major and trace elements in the soils and plants of CLM Region, with identification of background and reference levels, and delimitation of anomalous levels

• Identification and quantification of uptake rates by biota, particularly for vines, including transference of isotopes

• Distribution of soils typology and qualities in the region, based on selected agricultural plots

• Identification of the effects of mining decommissioned areas in the soils and plants quality and health

• Improve the quantity and quality of biogeochemical information on the soil and plants of the region, basis for a better planning of agriculture, important pillar for the economy of CLM.

An study funded by Castilla-La Mancha regional government (JCCM), through Project “Biogeoquímica de suelos de Castilla-La Mancha – Elaboración de mapas temáticos y establecimiento de niveles de base y de referencia” (SBPLY/17/180501/000273)

biogeochemistry in castilla-la mancha region (south-central ......castilla-la mancha –elaboración...

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