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TRANSCRIPT
BIOGAS –
DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SUPPLY
FROM LOCAL AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES
International Conference on “Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities:
the urban Nexus” Visions, best practice, experience sharing
Bangkok, 24.-26. June 2013
Dr.-Ing. Martin Wett
Süddeutsche Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur GmbH
www.sag-ingenieure.de (englisch) [email protected]
Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur-GmbH Sachsen
www.sag-sachsen.de [email protected]
sewers waste water treatment sludge treatment energy
GERMANY Ulm Heidenrod Karlsruhe Schramberg Wiesbaden Würzburg Dresden Hamburg
AUSTRIA Graz
renewable energy
_________________
political framework
Biogas in Germany
Time to change our way to produce energy
Nature Can’t Handle Our Growing CO2-emission
Global energy issue‘s
German legislation aim‘s
Renewable energy resource act (EEG)
wind energy biogas / thermal water power solar energy
forestry
waste management
agricultural
sanitary engineering energy industrie (solar, biogas, windpower,)
climate protection by reducing CO2-emissions ! Increasing local net product! new local working places!!!
support : use of local and renewable ressources
effects:
German legislation aim‘s
German legislation aim‘s
Renewable energy resource act (EEG) biogasplants in germany
wind energy biogas / thermal water power solar energy
Total installed electrical power
2.900 MWel.
German legislation aim‘s
Renewable energy resource act (EEG) biogasplants in germany
wind energy biogas / thermal water power solar energy
All-rounder biogas
energy on
demand
German legislation aim‘s
Renewable energy resource act (EEG) biogasplants in germany
All-rounder biogas
enables
base load energy supply
German legislation aim‘s
Renewable energy resource act (EEG) biogasplants in germany
biogas
_________________
input ressources and technology
Biogas in Germany
organic waste
(commercial
and indusrial)
organic
municipial
waste
agriculture
BIOGAS in GERMANY
as result of
waste from
landfills
food residue
market waste
residues from poduction
processes
(e.g. bee, sugar, wine, milk,
alcohol, juice, meat,
products, vegetables
pocessing)
fat
sewage sludge
municipal solid
waste
landscape care
manure
residues
energy crops
sorted organic
fractions from
waste treatment
(MBT)
Biogas in Germany – input ressources
Technology alternatives in anaerobic digestion
Biogas plants for
pumpable organic matter
Biogas plants for non-
pumpable organic matter
Wet anaerobic digestion
Main focus: energy crops, manure, slury Main focus: municipal organic
waste, agricultural residues
Target groups:
Farmers: Dairy and livestock farming
Energy providers
Public services
Target groups:
Waste management industry
/compost facilities
Food processors
Municipalities
Energy providers
Dry anaerobic digestion
Biogas in Germany – input determines technology
Biogas from agricultural biomass technical solutions
lowcos biogasplant -
Tansania/Afrika 1990
Biogas low-tech-solution – wet anaerobic digestion
Turning organic liquid or waste with dry solid content <= 40% to
valuable energy Environmental impact in
germany acceptable ?
Biogas in Germany – wet anaerobic digestion
biogasplant – german standard 2013
Typical plant configuration
dosing station
reception pit
performance digester
pit storage digester
CHP-Container with system control
and feeding station
transformer station
gas-tight fermentation residue store
Biogas in Germany – wet anaerobic digestion
Overall process design of a biogasplant
heating grid
heat
residential house
stall
manure
renewable raw material
energy crops agricultural use
fermentation tancs with gas storage
resid
ue
bio
gas
substra
tes
biometane
gas treatment
natural
gas grid
electricity
electricity
grid
gas motor generator
heat
Enables high solid concentrations (30% to 15%) and a max.
volume load up to 6 kg oTS/m³fermenter volume
Ensures that fresh substrates are mixed thoroughly with the
fermentation substrate
Prevents the formation of floating layers
Prevents sinking layers and avoids solid sedimentation
Removes the gas from the liquid
Ensures stable biological operation
…. by shorter hydraulic retention time (30 d)
High and stable biogas production per m³ reactor volume
Biogas in Germany – wet anaerobic digestion
design mixing unit – low speed horizontal agitator
The standardized plant system leads to a progressive
reduction in costs
Lower capital cost
Optimum heating system for ideal temperature distribution
and therefore constant, optimum living conditions for the
bacteria
Volume load up to 3-4 kg oTS/m³ fermenter volume
… by hydraulic retention time of 30 – 60 d
Plant system can easily be expanded
Biogas in Germany – wet anaerobic digestion
design mixing unit – low speed horizontal agitator
Stackable substrates like yard waste and bio waste are the main material
source for dry fermentation Even low quality material can be utilised
Profitable material management, instead of expensive waste disposal
No tank-to-plate discussion since only waste products are utilised
No dependence to substrate supplier like agricultural
average specific bio waste yield = 126 kg/people/year
shielded against price fluctuations
Digestate comes as a high class fertiliser
No disposal – but production fertiliser, soil conditioner
Biogas is cleaned and grid injected or combusted in CHP
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Turning organic waste with dry solid content > 40% to valuable energy
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Typical plant configuration
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Process design of a biogasplant with CHP Unit
The advantages of this dry anaerobic digestion process is:
1.No rotating parts like agitators
2.No pre-treatment like silaging
3.The system tolerates impurities such as plastic, metal or wood
4.Low parasitic load
5.No additional water is needed
6.High methane yields, low sulphur content
7.High degree of degradation
A small portion (ca. 5%) of the generated heat is used as process heat in the plant (in floor radiant heat of digester, heating of building or similar)
The surplus heat is available for use externally
In the case that the heat cannot be utilized - the CHP or biogas boiler have emergency cooling equipment
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Process design of a biogasplant with CHP Unit
Rectangular, side by side reinforced concrete containers with a floor area of 7 x 30m in which the stackable charge materials are digested
Mixing or other production related processing is not necessary
Reactor configuration
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Opening of the fermenter after 28 days
No free water
No smell of volatile fatty acids
Organic fraction is broken down form 90% to 50%
Total solids went down from 30% to 17%
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Charging and emptying of digester with a front loader or similar equipment
The plant is completely controlled via an SPS control system
Malfunctions are identified by the control system, registered and the plant
operator is notified
The BIOFerm Dry Anaerobic Digestion Ground plan
6-fermentation chamber biogas plant
Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion
Ground plan – 6 fermentation chamber biogas plant (190 kWel.)
size digester: 20m * 7m * 5m (L * W * H)
percolate
250 m³ Chp
Reactor configuration
Wet anaerobic digestion Dry anaerobic digestion
Capital costs:
3.000 – 5.000 € / kW el. Installed
Substrate input electrical output :
5.000 people 4.000 – 5.000 t biowaste 190 kW el.
Capital costs:
4.000 – 6.000 € / kW el. installed
Biogas in Germany – capital costs
Biogas in Germany – impressions
Owner:
E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH
Raw gas input:
2.000 m³/h
Processing capacity:
ca. 10 Mio. m³/year
Injection capacity/year:
100 billion kWh in natural gas grid
Input:
Maize silage, WCS, grass silage, catch crops
Gas grid:
Energienetze Bayern
Utilisation:
Operation of decentralized CHP by E.ON
Commissioning:
September 2009
Biomethane plant aiterhofen – 11,4 MW gas
Biogas plant Stoke Bardolph – EUCO® Titan 2000
Customer:
Severn Trent Water Ltd., England
Installed electrical output:
2 x 1063 kWel
Input:
Maize silage, whole crop silage
Commissioning:
May 2010
Utilisation:
The generated electrical and thermal energy is used for
a neighbouring sewerage treatment plant operated by
Severn Trent Water Ltd. Excess electrical energy is fed
into the public grid.
Biogas in England – impressions
Biogas plant Stoke Bardolph – 2,12 MWel
Customer:
Farmer Johann Mayer
Installed electrical output:
185 kW
Input:
3.500 t Beef slurry
1.700 t Grass silage
1.700 t Maize silage
400 t Solid pig manure
Commissioning:
December 2009
Utilisation:
The generated electrical energy is fed into the public grid.
Biogas in Germany – impressions
Biogas plant fischbach (agricultural plant) – 0,185 MW gas
Allendorf (Eder) – 190kW Green waste and yard waste
Operator
Viessmann Biomasse KG
Location
Allendorf, Germany
Input material
7.000 t Green waste and yard waste
Comissioning
August 2010
Utilisation:
The generated electrical energy is fed into the public grid.
Thermal energy is used in a local district heating
network, to provide heat to the Viessmann headquarter
as a part of the Efficiency Plus initiative.
Biogas in Germany – impressions
Biogas plant Allendorf (eder) – 0,185 MW gas
Allendorf (Eder) – 190kW Green waste and yard waste
Operator
BIOMethan Moosdorf
Location
Germany
Input material
9.000 t biological waste
7.000 t green waste
Comissioning
August 2007
Biogas in Germany – impressions
Biogas plant Moosdorf(eder) – 0,84 MW gas
biogas
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decentralized energy supply for bioenergy villages
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy villagec
fermentation-residue
repository
pit storage fermenter/digester
plug-flow-
fermenter/digester
feeder block heating station
separated fraction of
solid matter
bird view on biogas plant (840 kW el.)
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
Drying (Heating) plant as part of the biogas plant
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
bird view on biogas plant (840 kW el.)
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
Heating net: length: 11.314 m Capacity: for 300 housholds Considered heat loss: 25%
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
Heat supply cascade concept
peakload-vessel (xx)
wood-pellet-vessel (xx)
water-buffer
heating net
chp biogasplant and satelite chp
sorted annual heat load curve
yearly operation time
fermentation residue
pellet‘s
straw pellet‘s
pelletitzing and drying of solid fermentation residues and use as
fertilizer/combustible
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
Production of electricity for 7,000 people
(about 2,000 private households) !!!
Heat production for 300 privat houses !!!
CHP
electricity
heat
CO2-reduction 4,800 tpy =
30% of today‘s CO2-emission of
Wettesingen !!!
Environmental effect of biogas
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
biogas
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biogas in gas grids
The BIOFerm Dry Anaerobic Digestion Process flow diagramm – biogas utilisation
Typical plant configuration
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
plant for biogas upgrading by pressure swing absorption (PSA)
biogas
_________________
biogas as fuel car
Biogas as car fuel
Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village
biogas
_________________
sewage sludge drying
Use of biogen waste for sewage sludge drying within a county with 170.000 people
Biogas in Germany – centralised sludge drying
Future sewage sludge disposal concept
Semicentrale dewatering on 5 wwtp with
Centralised sewage sludge drying and sludge degasification to ash
enery ressoruce for drying
Intelligent coupling of local waste and energyconcepts
local biogene waste: biowaste, leftover foodstuff, wood from landscape conservation
Biogas in Germany – centralised sludge drying
wood
drying of grain
wood heating
Anaerobe Vergärungsanlage
Landwirtschaftliche
Reststoffverwertung
gain concept :
drying of grain
gain concept :
sale of residues as fertilizer or pellet
ANAEROBE VERGÄRUNGSANLAGE
1.) biowaste
2.) leftover foodstuff
3.) wood from landscape conservation
4.) Abfälle aus der Landwirtschaft
sewage sludge
drying
gain concept:
sale of heat in heat grit
Use of wood in thermal heating
station
from landscape conservation
E N E R G I E M A N U F A K T U R
Biogas in Germany – centralised sludge drying
biogas project realisation
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decission process
what is your financial budget ?
which biogas technologie is appropriated ?
which substrate ressources you have (municipal, industrial, other) ?
can you combine biogas with other technologies to realise decentralised energy supply
solutions ?
should you transfer your biogas with a biogas grid to the point of usefully
use ?
there is no need to do something but something usefull
Biogas projects – decission process
what can you do usefully with heat?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST !
june 2013