bioethics lecture 1

8/19/2019 Bioethics Lecture 1

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INTRODUCTIONTO BIOETHICS


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What is ethics?

What is bioethics?


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SYSTEMS GOVERNING

HUMAN SOCIAL BEHAVIOURCUSTOM ETIQUETTE ETHICS LAW MORALITY

Mores Professional Professional State, Statutes Spirituality

Etiquette Values Legislature

Tradition Courtesy Competence Enforcement Religious

Integrity Compulsion Good s Eil!airness "udiciary Rig#t s $rong

Good%ill Punis#ment

Trut# "ustice


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Imagine a situation in which ou see a c!assmatecheating" The#e a#e se$e#a! e!ements %#om a

mo#a! &oint o% $iew'• Some &eo&!e a#e hu#t ( the cheating• The#e is )ece&tion in the situation• Cheating seems to (e un%ai# to those who )on*t

cheat• The#e a#e con%!icting $a!ues+honest, !oa!t, etc"• The#e a#e -uestions o% cha#acte#"

E.am&!e' Cheating


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• Ethics #e%e#s to inci&!es that)e%ine (eha$io# as #ight, goo) an)o&e#" Such inci&!es )o nota!was )ictate a sing!e /mo#a!/cou#se o% action, (ut o$i)e a

means o% e$a!uating an) )eci)ingamong com&eting o&tions"

0hat is Ethics1


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• 0e t#ans!ate $a!ues into inci&!es so the cangui)e an) moti$ate ethica! con)uct"

•

Ethica! inci&!es a#e the #u!es o% con)uct that)e#i$e %#om ethica! $a!ues"• 2o# e.am&!e, honest is a $a!ue that go$e#ns

(eha$io# in the %o#m o% inci&!es such as' te!! thet#uth, )on*t )ecei$e, (e can)i), )on*t cheat" In thiswa, $a!ues gi$e #ise to inci&!es in the %o#m o%s&eci%ic /)o/ an) /)on*t"3

• Ethics conce#ns &utting these inci&!es intoactions"

2#om Va!ues to 4#inci&!es


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0h (e Ethica!1

• As in)i$i)ua!s, as mem(e#s o% !a#ge#communities, an) as human (eings, it isim&o#tant to ma5e inci&!e) )ecisionson what is #ight an) w#ong"

• The inci&!es that he!& us in ou#)ecision ma5ing wi!! $a# acco#)ing tothe mo#a! $a!ues we each ho!) as t#ue"


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• The goa! o% ethica!#e%!ection is mo#a! hea!th"

• Thus we see5 to )ete#mine

what wi!! nou#ish ou# mo#a!!i%e an) what wi!! &oison it"

Mo#a! hea!th


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• Ethics is !i5e nut#ition• One stu)ies (o)i! hea!th, the othe#

mo#a! hea!th• Signi%icant )isag#eement in (oth

%ie!)s• Sti!! the#e is a signi%icant common

g#oun)"

Conc!usion'Ethics 6 Goo) Hea!th


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• 37o what the Bi(!e te!!s ou899Divine CommandTheories

• 32o!!ow ou# conscience899The Ethics of Conscience• 30atch out %o# :;899Ethical Eoism• 37o the #ight thing899The Ethics of D!t"• 37on


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/7o what the Bi(!e te!!s ou8

7i$ine Comman) Theo#ies• Being goo) is e-ui$a!ent to )oing whate$e#

the Bi(!e99o# the =u#*an o# some othe#sac#e) te.t o# sou#ce o% #e$e!ation99te!!s

ou to )o"

• 30hat is #ight8 e-ua!s 30hat Go) te!!s meto )o"8


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32o!!ow ou# conscience8

The Ethics o% Ou# Inne# Voice

• Conscience te!!s us what is #ight o# w#ong• O%ten has a #e!igious sou#ce• Ma (e %oun)e) in a notion o% human natu#e• Is o%ten negati$e in cha#acte#, te!!ing us what is

not #ight


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/0atch out %o# :;8

Ethica! Egoism

• the on! &e#son to !oo5 out%o# is ou#se!%


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/7o the #ight thing/

The Ethics o% 7ut' )eonto!og

• a &e#son


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/7on


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3"""a!! Men a#e c#eate) """withce#tain una!iena(!e Rights8The Ethics o% Rights

• The most in%!uentia!

mo#a! notion o% the &asttwo centu#ies

• Esta(!ishe) minima!con)itions o% human)ecenc


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3Ma5e the wo#!) a (ette# &!ace8

Uti!ita#ianism

• See5s to #e)uce su%%e#ing an)inc#ease &!easu#e o# ha&&iness

• 7eman)s a high )eg#ee o% se!%9sac#i%ice+we must consi)e# theconse-uencs %o# e$e#one"

• Uti!ita#ians c!aim the &u#&ose o%mo#a!it is to ma5e the wo#!) a(ette# &!ace"


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37a)), that*s not %ai#8

The Ethics o% ?ustice• Begins ea#! in the %ami! with

%ai#ness to a!! %ami! mem(e#s

• 0hat is %ai# %o# one shou!) (e%ai# %o# a!!"

• T#eating &eo&!e e-ua!! ma notmean t#eating them the same"


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/Be a goo) &e#son8

Vi#tue Ethics• 7e$e!o&e) ( 4!ato an) A#istot!e

• See5s to )e$e!o& in)i$i)ua!cha#acte#

• Assumes goo) &e#sons wi!! ma5egoo) )ecisions


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• Bioethics consi)e#s the mo#a! issues inthe %ie!)s o% me)ica! actice an)(iome)ica! #esea#ch"

• The o%essiona! %ie!)s that )ea! withethica! issues' me)icine, nu#sing, !aw,socio!og, &hi!oso&h, an) theo!og"

0hat is Bioethics1


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Health ethics

• the mo#a! con)uct an)inci&!es that go$e#n

mem(e#s o% theme)ica! o%ession"


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(rofessional Ethics• the #u!es go$e#ning the

con)uct, t#ansactions,an) #e!ationshi&s withina o%ession an) among

its &u(!ics"


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ME7ICAL ETHICS @)e%inition an) sco&e

Sstem o% $a!ues common to the me)ica!o%ession"

Sstematic a&&!ication o% $a!ues conce#ning

the actice o% me)icine" Stan)a#)s o% (eha$io# ( which the

&hsician ma e$a!uate hishe# #e!ationshi&s

with &atients, co!!eagues an) societ"

Sco&e o% me)ica! ethics inc!u)es' #ecognition o% ethica! )i!emmas omotion o% ethica! actice )e$e!o&ment o% ethica! co)es an) gui)e!ines #eso!ution o% ethica! con%!icts


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T&E ME'IC(L EC)S*STEM

+ Enlarging Circle of Influence

')CT)R P(TIET

'isease 'iagnosis&ealt# Promotion

'isease

Preention

T#erapy

Medical

Insurance Managed Care

&ospital

La-oratories

P#armaceutical

Industry

Patients. !amily,

Culture, Religion

Patients. $or/, Employer

)t#er 'octors

Paramedics

Clinic

Managemen

t

Pu-lic &ealt#

Medical

Researc

#

Medical

Students

CME,

CP'

'octor.s

Employer

'octor.s!amily

'octor.s

Employee

Practice

Management

M')

Medical Council

T#e L($Goernmen

t 0odies

Medical

C#aritie

s

Patient

)rganisation

(lternatie

Medicine

Press, Media

ational Community

International

Community

atural 'isasters

Political

1p#eaal, $ar

bioethics lecture 1

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