International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications

Volume 7–Issue 08,166-168, 2018, ISSN:-2319–7560

www.ijsea.com 166

Bioethanol Production from Office Waste Paper

Wai Mar Htway

Chemical Engineering

Technological University

Ministry of Education

Thanlyin,Myanmar

Thu Zar Thein Chemical Engineering

Technological University

Ministry of Education

Thanlyin,Myanmar

Ye Myat Phone Hlaing Technological University

Thanlyin,Myanmar

ymph8395@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, office waste paper was utilized as the raw material for production of bioethanol. Experimental studies

have been carried out cellulose to sugar by acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis of waste paper to sugar was carried out 121°C with

5%(v/v) sulfuric acid with the volume of 100ml, 200ml and 5,10,15 g of office waste paper to obtain the best yield of hydrolysate.

After adjustment of pH with 5M of sodium hydroxide solution, fermentation was investigated using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to

convert sugar to bioethanol and produced 0.033 g/ml of maximum sugar with 150 rpm for overnight at room temperature. The

viability of cell was not the only factor influencing fermentation. The operation time for hydrolysis, adjustment of pH, amount of yeast

and rate of aeration during fermentation a was a key interactive factor resulting in ethanol accumulation.

Keywords: office waste paper, acid hydrolysis, bioethanol , Saccharomyces Cerevisia

1. INTRODUCTION In this study, bioethanol from office waste paper is

produced from renewable source. Production from second

generation is more benefit because of the consumption of

waste residues. Office waste paper from office and photocopy

service waste is readily available. Therofore it is attractive for

producing second generation bioethanol. The conversion of

office waste paper into ethanol is more useful because it is

rich in carbonhydrate.(1)

2. LITERAVIEW Since consumption of paper was increasing for a

long time, and the amount of paper going into landfills was

increased. And then has become a severe problem for disposal

in developed and developing countries.. Bioethanol can be

produced from sugar source, starch source and cellulose

source. Paper is cellulose source, which is substainable,

rewnewable source and reduce the landfill problem.(4)

The technology for bioethanol production includes

acid hydrolysis or enzymatic hydrolysis, pH adjustment,

fermentation and distillation. The hydrolysis of office waste

paper with enzyme is difficult because of consisting of

hemicelluloses and lignin. Dilute acid hydrolysis is fast, easy

and acid losses are not important.(1) The present research is

based on bioethanol production from waste office paper. This

feedstock results to be attractive for bioethanol production due

to its availably. Despite of recycling efforts have been

strengthened in the last years, the recycling rate is about a

65%, since the quality of the paper decreases with the

recycling process . Then, waste office paper could be a

suitable raw material for obtaining bioethanol.

3. EXPERIMENTAL

3.1 Yeast Activity Test Activity of yeast was determined in 250 ml of

Erlenmeyer flasks with sugar solution. After Saccharomyces

Cerevisia was transferred into the sugar solution with 150 rpm

at room temperature, carbon dioxide gas was appeared within

15 minutes.

3.2 Hydrolysis with Dilute Sulfuric Acid Waste office paper collected from office and

photocopiers was used. The paper was cut into pieces. The 5%

of sulphuric acid 100 mL solution was poured into 250 mL

Erlenmeyer flasks which the 10 g of paper was put. The

samples of flasks were placed into autoclaves. At the

temperature of 121°C, the hydrolysis was carried out various

reaction time, acid concentration, and paper weight. The

product take out from the autoclave was cool .and then

filtered by filter paper to separate the liquid and solid. The

product from hydrolysis was measured by refractor meter for

sugar content and by pH meter for pH value.

3.3 Addition of NaOH Solution After filtration all the samples were neutralized by

adding 5M of Sodium hydroxide solution to obtain pH range

4.5 to 5 at room temperature.

3.4 Fermentation For fermentation, the strain of Saccharomyces

cerevisiae were added in the different condition 0.5 g,1g,

1.5g, 2g,2.5 g respectively at 30° C and 150 rpm for

overnight . After one night, the product was measured for

ethanol content, pH value and density.

4. Result and Discussion The complex experimental results are shown in

Table1. The result suggests that the sugar information

depends on the effect of concentration of acid and paper

weight in the hydrolysis. The optimized condition for

production of bioethanol was 10g of office paper,5% H2SO4

100mL,at 121°C and 60 minutes of content time. By using

Response Surface Method(RSM), the increase of sugar brix

and amount of yeast led to the increase of ethanol yield. On

the other hand, the temperature of distillation also affected the

purity of ethanol

International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications

Volume 7–Issue 08,166-168, 2018, ISSN:-2319–7560

www.ijsea.com 167

As shown in figure(2) the response of surface

diagram, the increase of temperature and sugar brix %

achieved to the increase of the percentage of ethanol. The

highest yield percentage of ethanol was obtained with sugar

brix 10.2 % at the amount of yeast 2g.

Model Summary

S R-sq R-sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

1.99307 97.36% 92.62% 57.82%

The R2 values for the two models are 97.36% and 92.62%,

indicating that the three factors accounted for over 95% of the

variation of sugar Brix%, amount of yeast(g) and temperature

of distillation (°C). This indicates that the fitted model is

adequate. The use of graphical representations of the

empirical models shown in figure (1) to facilitate

interpretation of factor effects on three factors and α=0.05.

The initial concentration of sugar brix was about

0.1062 g of sugar per mL of solution, the pH was 0.92. The

adjustment of hydrolysate with 5M of NaOH solution was

increased the pH of solution. The amount of NaOH solution

was resulted on sugar content. Since the percentage of ethanol

obtained by the fermentation of high content sugar brix with

amount of yeast in the optimized culture medium, the amount

of yeast was varied within 1.5 g to 2.5 g range. There was

chosen for the best fermentation with 2 g of yeast.

Figure 1.Parto Chart of the Standardized Effects

sa

mp

le

Paper

wt(g)

5%H2SO4

(mL)

Sugar%,

Brix

Sp.gr g of

sugar/ml of

solution

pH Amount of

yeast(g)

Ethanol % after

fermentation for

24 hr

1 5 100 9.6 1.0384 0.0997 1 1.5 7

2 5 100 9.6 1.0384 0.0997 1 2 13.7

3 5 100 9.6 1.0384 0.0997 1 2.5 17.7

4 5 200 3.5 1.0137 0.0354 0.87 1.5 1.8

5 5 200 3.5 1.0137 0.0354 0.89 2 2

6 5 200 3.5 1.0137 0.0354 0.89 2.5 2

7 10 100 10 1.04 0.104 0.93 1.5 7

8 10 100 8 1.0318 0.0825 0.96 2 6

9 10 100 10 1.04 0.104 0.93 2.5 18.9

10 10 100 10.2 1.0409 0.1062 0.92 1.5 9

11 10 100 10.2 1.0409 0.1062 0.92 2 19.5

12 10 100 10 1.04 0.104 0.92 2.5 19

13 10 100 10 1.04 0.104 0.93 1.5 9.3

14 10 100 9.7 1.0388 0.1001 0.95 2 18.6

15 10 100 10.1 1.0404 0.1051 0.93 2.5 13

16 10 100 10 1.04 0.104 0.93 1.5 7.1

17 10 100 10.1 1.0404 0.1051 0.93 2 18.3

18 20 200 4 1.0157 0.0406 1.23 1.5 2

19 20 200 3.9 1.0153 0.039 1.22 2 1.2

20 20 200 4 1.0157 0.0406 1.25 2.5 2

Table 1.Experimental results for ethanol production

International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications

Volume 7–Issue 08,166-168, 2018, ISSN:-2319–7560

www.ijsea.com 168

Figure 2.Surface Plot of ethanol% vs

temperature,Sugar Brix%

5. CONCLUSION This production showed that relatively high

concentrations of sugars can be obtained by hydrolysis of 10 g

of waste office paper using 5 % sulfuric acid during 60

minutes. The reaction time did not exert any significant effect

for either sugar brix.The fermentation of hydrolysate with

different amount of yeast to produce the ethanol

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the microorganism for

fermenting lignocelluloses hydrolysis. However, the cellulose

of waste paper is somehow difficult to hydrolyze

enzymatically because it is associated with hemicelluloses and

lignin. Therefore dilute-acid hydrolysis is a fast and easy way

to pretreat lignocellulosic materials. The cost of this

production is lowest because of waste paper. The cost of

sulfuric acid ,yeast and sodium hydroxide were low cost

compared with ethanol price.

The results of production predicted that the office

waste paper is the most beneficial as a raw material for

bioethanol production.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge, Dr.Win Ei Ei Tun, Professor and

Head of Chemical Department, Dr.Su Lin Thu, Professor ,

Daw Thuzar Thein, Lecturer, Chemical Engineering

Department, Thanlyin Technological University, U Aung

Myint Myat, Managing Director, U Thein Naing , Factory

director ,San Chein Alcohol Plant, Aywarwaddy

Region,Myanmar.

.

7. REFERENCES [1] David A. Lima,Rafaela L.N Deluna, C.Martin and Easter

R.Gouveia. 2014. Comparison of Bioethanol Production

from Acid Hydrolysis of Waste Office Paper using

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Spathaspora

Passalidarum. Federal University of Pernambuco.

[2] K.M.Dombek and L.O.Ingram.1987. Ethanol Production

during Batch Fermentation with Saccharomyces

Cerevisiae: Changes in Glycolytic Enzymes and Internal

pH. University of Florida.

[3] Gulten Izmirlioglu and Ali Demirci. 2012. Ethanol

Production from Waste Patato Mash by Using

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Pennsylvania State

University, University Park.

[4] Shruti A.Byadgi and P.B.Kalburgi. 2016. Production of

Bioethanol from Waste Newspaper. Basaveshwar

Engineering College.

[5] R. Maceiras, V. Alfonsín and J.E. Poole. Journal of

Environmental Science.Bioethanol Production from

Waste Office Paper. Centro Universitario

[6] Charles Louis Loyalty Robus. 2013.Production of

Bioethanol from Paper Sludge using Simultaneous

Saccharification and Fermentation. Stellenbosch

University

[7] Bibi Zainab* and Aslam Fakhra. 2014. Production of

Ethanol by fermentation process by using Yeast

Saccharomyces cerevisae. Lahore College for Women

University

[8] Pooja Raj Chansoliya, Rahul An and Sunita Sharma.

2016. Analysis of Bioethanol production from

Newspaper by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and

Zymomonasmobilis. Madhav Institute of Technology

and Science,

amount of yeast (mL) 2

Hold Values

0

5

01

36

09

85

08

9

15

% lonahte

erutarepmet

% ragus,xirB

urface Plot of ethanol % vs temperature, Brix,sugar %S