bioelectric phenomenona
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INTRODUCTION TOBIOELECTRICPHENOMENA
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BIOELECTROMAGNETISM
Bioelectromagnetism (discipline) examineselectric, electromagnetic, and magneticphenomena in biological tissues. Thesephenomena include:
The behavior of excitable tissue (the sources)The electric currents and potentials in the volumeconductorThe magnetic field at and beyond the bodyThe response of excitable cells to electric andmagnetic field stimulationThe intrinsic electric and magnetic properties of the
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BIOELECTROMAGNETISMBEN = bioengineering,
BPH = biophysics,BEM =bioelectromagnetism,MPH = medical physics,MEN = medicalengineering,MEL = medical
electronics.Interdisciplinary fields that associat
engineering with medicine an
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BIOELECTROMAGNETISM
Medic al e lectro nic s : A division of biomedicaengineering: electronic devices and methods inmedicine.
Medica l ph ys ics : A science based upon physicproblems in clinical medicine.
Bio m edical eng ineer ing : An engineeringdiscipline concerned with the application of scienc
and technology (devices and methods) to b
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BIOELECTROMAGNETISM
Bioelectromagnetism is subdivided ontheoretical grounds(two universal
principles):Maxwell's equations
(electromagnetics)The principle ofreciprocity .
Maxw ell 's Equa t ionsBioelectricity,
Bioelectromagnetism(biomagnetism),
Biomagnetism.
Reciproci tymeasurement of fields
stimulation and magn
measurement of intrinand magnetic properti
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Bioelectromagnetism (Reciprocity : measurement of fields)
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(Reciprocity : stimulation andmagnetization)
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(Reciprocity : measurement of intrinsicProperties)
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Bioelectromagnetis
m may besubdivided on theground of LeadField TheoreticalApproach
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oe ec r c y oe ec r cPhenomena
Bioelectric PhenomenaNerve cell and Musclecell
Neuron
Cell Membrane(Potential)Synapse (axon to cell)Muscle cell (involuntary)
e.g.: Myocardiac Muscle
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AnEukaryotic
Cell andcell
organelles
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Plasma-membrane/
Cellmembrane
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u osa c o e eMembrane)
Ions may traveltowards theconcentrationgradient createdbetween ECM andICM(Cytosol)
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Gated Ion Channels (Membrane)
most ion channelsare "gated" , meansthat they allowregulated diffusionthrough the pore
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Actionpotential and
restingpotential of
Neuron