biodiversity loss presented by jim jackson debbie lynch

Biodiversity LossBiodiversity Loss

Presented byPresented by

Jim JacksonJim Jackson

Debbie LynchDebbie Lynch


CAUSESCAUSES

ETHICSETHICS

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Yes, that is the Carolina Parakeet.

Biodiversity DefinedBiodiversity DefinedSpecies DiversitySpecies Diversity

Differences Differences between speciesbetween species

Most often used to Most often used to quantify quantify biodiversity lossbiodiversity loss

More studies More studies completed in this completed in this areaarea

Presentation focusPresentation focus

Population DiversityPopulation Diversity

Size of overall Size of overall populationpopulation

Size and Numbers Size and Numbers of local populationsof local populations

DistributionDistribution

Genetic makeupGenetic makeup

Better for analyzing Better for analyzing biodiversity lossbiodiversity loss

Rosy Periwinkle.

What is Natural?What is Natural?

Average Species lives for 4 million yearsAverage Species lives for 4 million years One mammal per 1000 yearsOne mammal per 1000 years

80 mammals in 400 years80 mammals in 400 years One bird per 500 yearsOne bird per 500 years

115 birds in 400 years115 birds in 400 years One reptile or amphibian every 400 One reptile or amphibian every 400

yearsyears 123 fish in 100 years (in America alone)123 fish in 100 years (in America alone)

Compared to…Compared to…


CAUSESCAUSES•Overexploitaion

•Invasive Species

•Habitat Loss


CAUSESCAUSES

OverexploitationOverexploitation

Death rate > Birth rateDeath rate > Birth rateSteller’s SeacowSteller’s Seacow

–Hunted for profit/foodHunted for profit/food

Passenger PigeonPassenger Pigeon–Hunted as a pestHunted as a pest


CAUSESCAUSES

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesAffects 49% of threatened or Affects 49% of threatened or endangered species in Americaendangered species in America10% rule: 10% rule:

10% of introduced species take, 10% of introduced species take, 10% of species that take become 10% of species that take become invasiveinvasive

McDonaldizationMcDonaldization


CAUSESCAUSES

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesLinear relationship between diversity Linear relationship between diversity of species and landmassof species and landmass

If the earth was a single landmass, we If the earth was a single landmass, we would lose 66% of mammal diversity & would lose 66% of mammal diversity & 48% bird diversity48% bird diversity


CAUSESCAUSES

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesPredationPredationEx: Cats vs. New Zealand ground Ex: Cats vs. New Zealand ground birdsbirds


CAUSESCAUSES

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesCompetition & Habitat AlterationCompetition & Habitat AlterationEx: Knapweed!Ex: Knapweed!


CAUSESCAUSES

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesHybridizationHybridizationEx. Native Mediterranean White Duck Ex. Native Mediterranean White Duck vs. more numerous Ruddy Duckvs. more numerous Ruddy Duck

+ =


CAUSESCAUSES

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesDisease VectorsDisease Vectors

Colonization of the AmericasColonization of the Americas


CAUSESCAUSES

Habitat LossHabitat LossAffects 85% of threatened or Affects 85% of threatened or endagered species in Americaendagered species in AmericaArea the size of South America is Area the size of South America is planted with cropsplanted with crops175 billion pounds of nitrogen & tons 175 billion pounds of nitrogen & tons of pesticide applied annuallyof pesticide applied annually


CAUSESCAUSES

Habitat LossHabitat LossLogging forestsLogging forests

Overharvesting => habitat lossOverharvesting => habitat loss

Water manipulationWater manipulationDamns, irrigationDamns, irrigation


ETHICSETHICS

•Life is Sacred•Economics Costs/Benefit

•$30 trillion worth of services•Costs US $137 billion to fight invasive species annually

•Future Benefits•Medicines

•It’s Cool


SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Every Species Has Its Natural Environment

Species that live in a specific area are

ENDEMICS.

Species that are capable of living in

a variety of environments are

GENERALISTS.

Endemics are more likely to be affected by change.

Biodiversity LossBiodiversity LossSOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Protecting Biodiversity

Priorities

Econimically•It is economically advantageous to protect biodiversity

Ecologically•By protecting biodiversity, it will prevent ecological problems

Secondary

Emotional Attachment

•By protecting nature for nature’s sake provides intrinsic value to biodiversity


In Costa Rica, a In Costa Rica, a preserve was preserve was established to established to

preserve preserve biodiversity for biodiversity for

economic economic reasonsreasons

EcotourismEcotourism PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Economical


Keystone species Keystone species are species that are species that are crucial to the are crucial to the structure of the structure of the

entire ecosystem. entire ecosystem. Without keystone Without keystone

species, species, ecosystems could ecosystems could not function well.not function well.

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Ecological


First Lady Laura Bush has First Lady Laura Bush has begun to restore their begun to restore their Crawford Texas ranch Crawford Texas ranch with native species of with native species of

grasses.grasses.

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Intrinsic Value

By restoring the native By restoring the native vegetation, Laura vegetation, Laura

hopes to restore the hopes to restore the natural habitat of a natural habitat of a variety of species.variety of species.


In SituIn Situ

Habitat ConservationHabitat Conservation

Regulation of Land UseRegulation of Land Use

Protecting SpeciesProtecting Species

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Methods of Preservation

Ex SituEx Situ

Captive BreedingCaptive Breeding

Zoological ParksZoological Parks

Botanical GardensBotanical Gardens


In designing the Irian In designing the Irian Jaya reserves, the Jaya reserves, the

Indonesian Indonesian governmentgovernment

considersconsiders HabitatHabitat BiogeographyBiogeography AreaArea

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Irian Jaya’s Reserve System


With an extremely small With an extremely small population, these population, these

ferrets were captured ferrets were captured in order to reestablish in order to reestablish a viable population.a viable population.

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

The Black Footed Ferret


Opportunity CostsOpportunity Costs

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Cost/Benefits of Protecting Biodiversity


ManagementManagement MaintenanceMaintenance Future BenefitsFuture Benefits Economic ValueEconomic Value

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

Opportunity Costs

biodiversity loss presented by jim jackson debbie lynch

Documents

biodiversity loss solutions

diversity of species

biodiversity loss ethics

endagered species

endangered species

average species

habitat loss overharvesting

invasive species hybridization