biodiversity based value chains workshop · 2017-06-08 · biodiversity based value chains workshop...
TRANSCRIPT
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BIODIVERSITY BASED VALUE CHAINS WORKSHOP
Theme: Building a network of researchers, educators and developers to improve
Biodiversity-based Value Chain Development in the Horn of Africa
Organizers: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in collaboration with African Network for
Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resource Education (ANAFE)
Dates: October 1st –2nd 2015
VENUE: ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya.
Report compiled by; Grace Koech, Sammy Carsan, Josephat Nyongesa, Aissetou Yaye, Jan De Leeuw
World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya |
Post: PO Box 30677, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Table of Contents
List of Annexes............................................................................................................................................................. iv
List of Figures............................................................................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................ iv
List of Abbreviation ..................................................................................................................................................... iv
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................................... v
Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................................... v
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................... 1
1.1Justification for the exchange workshop: Activity linked to project results ............................................................. 2
2.0 Day 1; Session one .................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Workshop opening and setting the scene ................................................................................................................ 2
Prof. Yaye Aissetou, Dr. De Leeuw and Dr. Liyama ..................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Official opening ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Dr. Tony Simons, Director General, ICRAF ................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Brief on IGAD BMP Project ................................................................................................................................... 4
Mr. James Acworth, TA, IGAD BMP ............................................................................................................................ 4
2.3 Objectives, desired outputs and participants expectation ........................................................................................ 4
Prof. Yaye Aissetou, Executive secretary ANAFE and Josephat Nyongesa .................................................................. 4
2.4 Discussion based on the first session ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.5 Session two: Key note speeches .............................................................................................................................. 6
2.5.1 Achieving Biodiversity Conservation through Value chain ............................................................................. 6
Dr. Jan De Leeuw, PI IGAD BMP ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.5.2 Challenges to linking Value chains to Biodiversity Conservation ................................................................... 7
Mr. James Acworth, TA, IGAD BMP ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.5.3 Gums and Resins Value Chain ......................................................................................................................... 7
Mr. Robinson Ngethe, NGARA ................................................................................................................................ 7
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2.5.4 Charcoal value chains ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Dr. Miyuki Liyama, ICRAF ...................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5.5 Honey Value Chains ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Prof. Suresh Kumar Raina, ICIPE ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.5.6 Carbon credits value chains .............................................................................................................................. 8
Dr. Peter Minang, ICRAF ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.7 Ecotourism Based value chains ........................................................................................................................ 8
Dr. Philip Osano, SEI ................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.6 Discussion based on the keynote speeches .............................................................................................................. 9
3.0 Day Two: Session one ........................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Biodiversity based value chain, group formation and November 2015 Write shop .......................................... 11
Dr. Jan De Leeuw .................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Discussion on formation of biodiversity value Chain network ......................................................................... 12
Mr. James Acworth ................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.3 Session 2: Keynote speeches ................................................................................................................................. 16
3.3.1 Income, Food and Climate Solutions for Smallholder Farmers ..................................................................... 16
Mrs. Mary Njuguna; SNV Kenya ............................................................................................................................ 16
3.3.2 Role of private organizations on policy and institutions of biodiversity based value chains ......................... 17
Dr. Jan Vadenabeele; Better Globe Forestry ........................................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 Biodiversity Based Value Chains; A Policy and Institutional Context .......................................................... 17
Kiringai Kamau, Advisor to the Cabinet Secretary on Agriculture and Private Sector .......................................... 17
3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
List of Annexes............................................................................................................................................................ 20
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List of Annexes
Annex 1: Workshop Program ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Annex 2: List of keynote speakers ............................................................................................................................... 22
Annex 3: List of Participants ........................................................................................................................................ 23
List of Figures
Figure 1: Dr. Tony Simons, Director General ICRAF, addressing the participants, Photo by Albert Mwangi ............. 3
Figure 2: Mr. James Acworth, IGAD TA addressing the participants, photo by Albert Mwangi ................................... 4
Figure 3: Dr. Jan De Leeuw giving a keynote speech on biodiversity based value chains, photo by Albert Mwangi ... 6
Figure 4: Participants writing the value chains of interest under the guidance of Dr. Jan De Leeuw, photo by albert
Mwangi ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12
List of Tables
Table 1: Value chain, Writing team and Country of origin .......................................................................................... 19
List of Abbreviation
ANAFE African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources Education
BBVCs Biodiversity Based Value Chains
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
GDP Gross domestic product
GEF Global Environment Facility
HoA REC&N Horn of Africa Regional Environment Centre and Network
HOA Horn of Africa
ICIPE International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IP Implementing Partner
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IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
NGARA Network for Natural Gums And Resins in Africa
PI Principal Investigator
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SEI Stockholm Environment Institute
TA Technical Advisor
TOC Theory of Change
UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
Acknowledgments
The organization of the workshop was a joint effort of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and the African Network for
Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural resources education (ANAFE). The organizers thank the Inter-Governmental Authority
for Development (IGAD) for the financial and technical support provided. They also thank all the participants for their
important contribution to the workshop.
Executive summary
A two day consultative exchange workshop was organized by ICRAF in collaboration with ANAFE to allow information
exchange on biodiversity conservation through promotion of biodiversity based value chains (BBVC) for training and research
institutes in Kenya and Somalia. Partners from various organizations and institutions were contacted to support in the selection
of the participants. Participants invited came from national research and higher education institutions of Kenya, Somalia and
Djibouti, International and national research and development institutions, Non governmental organizations (NGOs);
governmental organizations and private sector. During the workshop the participants learnt from knowledgeable keynote
speakers on various biodiversity based value chains. The second day of the workshop focused on discussions to exchange
experiences, problems, proposed best practices and way forward on biodiversity based value chains in preparation of the
upcoming write shop in November 2015.
Among the outcomes from the workshop deliberations was the proposal to form a Horn of Africa regional network on
biodiversity based values to allow participants share experiences and best practises; identify and advocate for new funding
opportunities; bring in added value and training opportunities to promote BBVs; break down inter-sectorial barriers; and
promote collaboration and partnerships.
During the plenary sessions, the participants, lead by various facilitators, identified eight biodiversity value chains, which were
cross cutting and relevant to the participant’s countries of origin. Participant registered to various groups/teams in charge of
collaboratively writing chapters on a particular value chain. A write shop planned for November 2015 will allow the value
chain groups to focus into detail on the value chain of interest which will result in a book on biodiversity based value chain.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
There is growing recognition that natural capital supports our economies and wellbeing. The concept of ecosystem services has
influenced and altered our perspectives on the relation between people and their environment. It has led to the recognition that
nature provides many services, called ecosystem services, that are crucially important to people. This includes services that
satisfy basic human needs such as provision of food, fiber, energy and water (provisioning services), benefits from regulation of
ecosystem processes for instance pollination (regulating services), non-material benefits from ecosystems for instance social
relations such as honey gathering communities, recreation and ecotourism (cultural service and services that serve for
production of other ecosystem services for example habitat provision, nutrient cycling and production of atmospheric
oxygen(supporting services). However, degradation of biodiversity through human related activities threatens sustainable
production of the ecosystem services. Degradation of ecological health is further exacerbated by climate change.
Biodiversity in the horn of Africa is vulnerable to degradation particularly in the cross border area where high poverty level
limits the livelihoods options of people living in these areas. This is the case in the Kenya –Somalia border where poverty and
low social economic development have led to unsustainable use of ecosystem goods and services resulting in loss of natural
habitat. There is increasing recognition of Biodiversity as main source of ecosystem goods and services, which support socio-
economic development. However, biodiversity conservation cannot be achieved in isolation from social wellbeing.
Conservation of the cross border diversity requires joint stakeholder collaborative efforts to restore ecosystem goods and
services.
The Biodiversity Management Programme (BMP) is an IGAD initiative with the financial support of the European Union (EU)
aiming to contribute to poverty reduction by improving the social and economic wellbeing of the populations in the IGAD
region, through a better regional integration in the environmental sector. Its purpose is the conservation and sustainable
management of the ecosystems in the IGAD region, in order to contribute to lasting ecosystem goods and services. ICRAF is
one of the BMP Implementing Partners and is managing one of the three projects, the Tana-Kipini and Laga Badana Bush
Bushle Land & Seascapes financed through the IGAD Biodiversity Management Programme. ICRAF has co-opted ANAFE to
support in the delivery of various components of the project.
The Horn of Africa (HoA, synonymous with the IGAD region) has a rich and unique biodiversity, expressed in a diversity of
landscapes and the richness of species therein. It hosts for example the second largest terrestrial wildlife (white-eared kobb)
migration in Africa, and several of the regions’ eco-regions figures among the Global 200 Terrestrial Eco-regions. The Coastal
Forests of Kenya and Somalia further comprise one of the worlds’ 34 biodiversity hotspots.
Unsustainable use and overexploitation of the natural resources degrades the natural capital and its ability to provide the
ecosystem services that underpin our wellbeing. While this is undesirable for humanity at large, it is particularly problematic
for poor people whose livelihoods heavily depend on the ecosystem services provided by their direct neighboring environment.
The Horn of Africa is a global poverty hotspot and many of the regions’ poor experience this loss of benefits from ecosystem
services. First of all many ecosystems in the Horn of Africa are degraded, with reduction of benefits to people as a result. This
effect of degradation on the benefits that people derive from nature may be worsened by progressive climate change. The
benefits that poor people derive from nature are further exacerbated by loss of access to land and water resources facilitated by
weakness or absence of secure tenure over these resources, allowing elites and international investors to capture these resources
at the detriment of the poor.
Border areas are frequently rich in biodiversity as a result of remoteness allowing preservation of what has gone elsewhere. The
Horn of Africa is no exception with a number of unique biodiversity hotspots that span the borders between IGADs member
states. There are challenges however to preserve biodiversity in areas close to borders, particularly when government
institutions are weak (or absent) than in more intensively used areas and when insecurity prevails as a result of this. In such
cases it is difficult to manage biodiversity within national territories. Given the trans-boundary nature of the activities of
stakeholders and the need to maintain corridors to allow genetic exchange between cross border species populations, there need
to manage the biodiversity of cross border areas across the border of individual states.
It is imperative that there are bilateral and intra-regional agreements and cooperation regarding the use of the lands and
biodiversity along borders. Developing agreements and exercising cooperation concerned with lands and natural resources that
transcend borders can promote peace, and promote sustainable development. To be effective such bi- and multilateral
agreements need to be accompanied by interventions that at the same time support the conservation of biodiversity and the
reduction of poverty and food insecurity of the communities living in these areas. Ecosystem services connect biodiversity and
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livelihoods, and there is increasing recognition that biodiversity may be preserved and social needs addressed through projects
that support the poor to benefit from biodiversity based ecosystem services.
It is from this background that IGAD BMP project was initiated through support of EU funding. The IGAD BMP project is
envisaged to contribute to the overall objective of the IGAD Biodiversity Management Program “to contribute to poverty
reduction by improving the social and economic wellbeing of the populations in the IGAD region through better regional
integration in the environmental sector”, Specific program objective is: “to contribute to conservation and sustainable
management of ecosystems in the IGAD region in order to contribute to lasting ecosystem goods and services”. The expected
results are “conservation of cross border biodiversity land/seascapes strengthened and institutional capacities for management
improved
1.1Justification for the exchange workshop: Activity linked to project results
In the project document implemented by ICRAF, the exchange workshop is linked to activity 10 and 11 entitled biodiversity
conservation capacity building and cooperation between research and training institute. ANAFE in collaboration with ICRAF
will lead capacity building training session in priority areas. The team will also implement cross border exchange between
researchers and lecturers in the cross border region. Successful execution of the activity will result in knowledge and sharing of
experiences, challenges and best practices relevant to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation.
To achieve the expected result, a two day consultative exchange workshop was organized by ICRAF in collaboration with
ANAFE to allow information exchange on biodiversity conservation through promoting biodiversity based value chains
(BBVC) between lecturers and researchers from research and training institutes in Kenya and Somalia. Focal persons from
various institutions and partners were contacted to support in selection of the participants. Deans from universities were invited
to ensure that training in biodiversity conservation is incorporated into the school curriculum. During the workshop the
participants learnt from knowledgeable keynote speakers in various biodiversity based value chains. The second day of the
workshop focused on discussions to exchange experiences, problems, propose best practices and way forward on biodiversity
based value chains in preparation of the upcoming write shop in November 2015.
2.0 Day 1; Session one
2.1 Workshop opening and setting the scene
Prof. Yaye Aissetou, Dr. De Leeuw and Dr. Liyama
Welcome remarks were provided by Prof. Yaye Aissetou (ANAFE), Dr. Jan De Leeuw (PI BMP, ICRAF) and Dr. Miyuki
Liyama on behalf of ICRAF’s Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Coordinator.
- It was highlighted that the workshop has assembled scientists, academician, practitioners, policy makers, private sector
agents to discuss current interest in Biodiversity conservation and value chains.
- There is need to better understand areas of value chain economic growth even though this may not necessarily mean
benefits to all or equity is attained.
- There is need to better understand pertinent issues to be addressed with regard to biodiversity conservation and VC
development for sustainable social wellbeing
- Contribution of biodiversity to national economies and especially informal sector was highlighted in terms of
employment and as source of livelihood e.g. trade in charcoal
- There are serious challenges facing value chains in the subsector as benefits are diverted to a few – ‘elite capture’ e.g.
Somalia is the biggest charcoal exporter but earnings are diverted and these practices do not benefit biodiversity
conservation wide tree felling, leading to forest degradation and expose wildlife habitats with negative impact on
tourism and there are challenges to infuse technologies that would transform lives.
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2.1.1 Official opening
Dr. Tony Simons, Director General, ICRAF
Dr. Tony Simons, ICRAF Director General, officially opened the workshop.
- Participants were welcomed to undertake the important deliberations concerning biodiversity management and value
chains.
- Dr. Simons observed that with exception of Scandinavian countries there is probably lower valuation of biodiversity in
most other parts of the world
- It was noted that CITES is probably the strongest biodiversity law available and participants were asked to reflect on
achievements of Rio convention, UNCCD, Biological convention, GEF etc
- There was need to assess what value to change; is it the social, environmental or economics? Are we mortgaging the
future?
- Need to better interrogate link on poverty and biodiversity e.g. Qatar has a high GDP but low biodiversity- imports top
solid from Bangladesh, Horn of Africa has high biodiversity but faced with high fragility
- Dr. Simons challenged the participants to assess how to better value and protect our biodiversity while at the same
time recognising there will be losers and winners as in the case of charcoal.
- Dr. Simons applauded the workshop organisers as it timely coincided with the launch of the SDGs (e,g goal 15), needs
to contribute to EU, UNCCD and IGAD agenda
- Finally participants were asked to show case success while developing metrics to show contribution of BBVs
Value chains were nonetheless noted to be complex and will demand a dynamic team to address the many issues surrounding
the concept.
Figure 1: Dr. Tony Simons, Director General ICRAF, addressing the participants, Photo by Albert Mwangi
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2.2 Brief on IGAD BMP Project
Mr. James Acworth, TA, IGAD BMP
- This presentation provided an overview of the BMP programme in the Horn of Africa (HoA)
- The project, implemented in IGAD countries was necessitated due to loss of genetic resources in the region, issue of
invasives, role of biodiversity to livelihoods and regions global importance
- Main goal of the intervention is to contribute to poverty reduction and promote biodiversity conservation
- Project implementation arrangements between ICRAF, IUCN and HOARCN was highlighted
The purpose of the workshop was summarised as to:
- Help have a common framework to developing BBV
- Understand the theory of change to attain desired outcome
- Better understand challenges, synergies and help in understanding what are the good practices
- Prepare recommendations and support building of a networks of researchers, practitioners and academicians
- Understand Project result areas on cross border cooperation, policies, biodiversity conservation and training
Figure 2: Mr. James Acworth, IGAD TA addressing the participants, photo by Albert Mwangi
2.3 Objectives, desired outputs and participants expectation
Prof. Yaye Aissetou, Executive secretary ANAFE and Josephat Nyongesa
- Requested participants to mention their expectations which are summarised as to;
o Formulate a common framework for developing biodiversity based value chains
o Appreciate biodiversity based value chain and identify key areas and major steps in biodiversity value chain
developments
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o Understand biodiversity based value chain and its linkage to sustainable natural resource management
o Learn the experiences, challenges and best practices which could be used to improve value chain approaches
for better livelihoods
o Get answers from communities on the potential of biodiversity based value chain as a green business to
benefit them with stable income
o Analyze how does biodiversity value chain contribute to the national economy?
o Form a network of biodiversity based value chain in the IGAD region which focus on multiple biodiversity
based value chains
Mr. Josephat Nyongesa dwelt on the BMP project. He mentioned ICRAF as one of the IGAD IP is Promoting the sustainable
management of ecosystems in the IGAD region. He pointed out that:
- The focus is on result area 1 and 2 on cross border research, training exchange, land use planning, community
conservation, biodiversity value chains and agroforestry
- Targets are policy makers, NGOs and civil society
- Achievements of the BMP in Kenya and Somalia are:
o capacity building activities on honey VC,
o Master plans for Laga Badana, biodiversity assessment,
o cross border meetings,
o honey value chain baselines and trainings,
o partnership-contracting RAAS – Somalia, public events in Lamu, Land use planning meetings, field visit in
Witu
2.4 Discussion based on the first session
- A classification was sought as to whether BMP was linked to the great green wall initiative?
- Response; BMP is not directly involved in the Sahel re-greening initiative but BMP project stakeholders were urged
to be aware of the initiative
- Are project initiatives linked to national action plans?
- What are the links in institutions in Puntland as they don’t seem to have the information being shared?
- Response; changes in institutional arrangements in Somalia Ministries has affected communication as different
delegation gets involved at different times
o Security situation limited activity implementation in some project sites
o RAAS has initiated plans on rain water harvesting and honey value chains
o It was notes that there were sites in Somalia that are autonomous of the central government however the
situation was also described as complex and project implementation is based in Southern Somalia
- There were concerns that many BBV projects have failed in the past… what was the competitive advantage with the
current project?
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- It was explained the workshop should help address approaches and strategies challenges to be followed to support sustainable
approaches for the BMP implementation
2.5 Session two: Key note speeches
2.5.1 Achieving Biodiversity Conservation through Value chain
Dr. Jan De Leeuw, PI IGAD BMP
- Dr. De Leeuw based his discussion on rich experience on VC development in Agriculture
- Can we achieve conservation with VC approaches?
- Different value chain players in VC involve work with multiple players
- Increased application of VC in support of biodiversity conservation on honey, gums and resins
Premises on Biodiversity and value chains
- People will conserve biodiversity when they obtain value through value chain development
- VC development will create opportunities for poor who benefit from it
- People will be inclined to conserve biodiversity and land when these resources are given a value through value chain
development
Figure 3: Dr. Jan De Leeuw giving a keynote speech on biodiversity based value chains, photo by Albert Mwangi
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2.5.2 Challenges to linking Value chains to Biodiversity Conservation
Mr. James Acworth, TA, IGAD BMP
- Defining the theory of change (TOC)- it’s hard to achieve development and conservation
- Who is the focus to avoid elite capture- how to target interventions to right groups/individuals
- Selection of the right value chain- analysis of risks
- Enabling environment- policy, tenure issues
- How to ensure biological, economic and social sustainability
- Mr. Acworth shared his experiences from biodiversity project in Uganda and Cameroon; it was highlighted that in
defining our TOC it’s important to clarify who benefits and who doesn’t?
2.5.3 Gums and Resins Value Chain
Mr. Robinson Ngethe, NGARA
- Provided a background on how NGARA (Network For Natural Gums And Resins in Africa) was formed in late/early
2000 supported by FAO
- Goal was to ensure sustained development of the gums and resin subsector sector stemming competition from
synthetics as the region has enough resources of A. senegal and A. seyal
- Gaols and mission of NGARA was shared
- Targets commercial species for gums (acacia), frankincense ( Boswellia) and resins (commiphora) species
- The NGARA network has been successful in working in 10 countries with 4 partners supporting information sharing,
capacity building, resource identification and mapping, market intelligence, e.g. for gums in karamoja parts of Uganda
- Key lessons on subsector development: poor linkages between public and private sector players, operations of national
associations have been documented
2.5.4 Charcoal value chains
Dr. Miyuki Liyama, ICRAF
- Most commercialized biodiversity products in the horn of Africa but can also be regarded as most degrading due to
rapid deforestation
- For a value of KSG 600K, approximately 5 ha of dryland forest is degraded
- Urbanization is a major driver of charcoal as shifts from firewood use occur rapidly
- Technology inefficiencies driving resource wastage- use of earth kilns compared to modern kilns have about 5 t of
wood difference for same output
- There are challenges in measurement; how much forest area required to produce charcoal required in urban centers
estimated to about 2.5 mt/ yr
Charcoal VC manifest high competition for profit margins at different stages of the VC
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2.5.5 Honey Value Chains
Prof. Suresh Kumar Raina, ICIPE
- ICIPE focused on insects eco-technology as a tool for initiation and acceleration of Value Chain for restoration and
ecological management of biodiversity
- Focus on bee health in the region to enhance pollination services for food security
- Bee pests and diseases as a cross border challenges
- ICIPE’s bee health project- Lab addresses: bee diseases, biopesticide, neurobiology and bee breeding
- Modern apiaries demonstration are in Karura,
- Involved in simple testing honey quality in the market
- Project assessed product uses: propolis, royal jelly products, pollen harvest, bees wax, bee venom production, drone
protein supplement, stingless bee farming in Kakamega forest
2.5.6 Carbon credits value chains
Dr. Peter Minang, ICRAF
- Explained what and how carbon markets work and types of contracts and carbon schemes
- Highlighted case of Kasigau carbon project an d performance
- Actors involvement: governments, private sector, commercial banks, international organizations
- Production Level Trade-offs: Biodiversity, adaptation and production- case of shaded cocoa in Ghana
Challenges for carbon value chain
- Understanding of Production level trade-offs: Biodiversity higher -lower yields while high fertiliser use leads to low
biodiversity
- Economic- low value for carbon
- Policy- no regulatory frameworks debates on who owns carbon
2.5.7 Ecotourism Based value chains
Dr. Philip Osano, SEI
Focused on;
- Wildlife tourism, Big 5, landscapes, natural and cultural sites
- Master plan on tourism, IGAD master plan on ecotourism
- Developments at micro, meso and macro scale analysed
- Challenges in policy coordination
Private sector involvement highlighted
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2.6 Discussion based on the keynote speeches
- A clarification on how traditional beehives were being assessed was raised.
- Local extraction leads to exclusion of some players. How does the project help train beneficiaries to be more
inclusive?
- How do we target project beneficiaries correctly? There is a thesis that farmers are poor but rich –how do we do
correct targeting? Farmers are said to be allocative efficient but technically in efficient
- It was explained that currently communities harvest wild honey from forest or use traditional log hives for bee keeping
- Clarify issues on land tenure/ownership rights
- Exclusion/inclusion whether these are new or old issues, important to understand how groups are formed
- Case of Garbella Shea butter was highlighted where with good management community can generate income but there
was need for goo land use planning practices
- Concerns- Somalia rangelands –pastoral and agro pastoral lands were deteriorating rapidly due to invasive such as
prosopis
Concern Biodiversity projects were not well thought to address social, environmental and institutional factors before
implementation.
What about other species in Africa e.g Balanites.
- Most species in Arid areas have potential
- Successful VC depend on tackling biology, socio economic and many other aspects
- Policy regulation on charcoal has reached a stalemate
- Previously attention on charcoal was given to reforestation with little success
- Charcoal now receiving more attention e.g. at world forest congress and county governments
- Dealing with ecotourism VC, the benefits to local communities is declining, what can be done to address this
issue
- Wildlife tourism VC Most advanced
- Honey value chain fairly developed
- Policy harmonization is an issue
- Challenges on biodiversity VC development require linkages with all the other value chains and dealing
externalities
- There is an issue with in packing of biodiversity messages people often don’t understand biodiversity but one
would relate to products such as tourisms, honey etc
- There is inadequate valuing of negative social impacts on loss of biodiversity
- Government taxation on tourisms is high (almost 50%) heavy but investment is low at only 10% with the gap
left for donor support. The result has been a decline in the growth performance of the subsector e.g. low
accommodation uptake
- There was concern if this message has been delivered to relevant government stakeholders?
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- A recent analysis by DFID on tourism in Kenya has indicated that government support has been on the
decline in the last 5 years with emphasis on infrastructure development
- Are there mechanism in place to use REDD to support charcoal production
- SNV has done a situation analysis in the Kinshasa has basin where large forest deforestation areas has been
driven by charcoal production.
In order to improve economic value, value chain development requires a consideration of multiple value chains and how to
create linkages. Participants were challenged to develop a framework on how different value chains could develop and interact.
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3.0 Day Two: Session one
Plenary discussion on;
3.1 Biodiversity based value chain, group formation and November 2015 Write shop
Dr. Jan De Leeuw
ICRAF has participated in write shop before and the output was a book Tree Resilience available for reading
Comments
What are we writing about? Value chains? Biodiversity activities? Bearing in mind we have no a good background on the
project
- ICRAF is developing biodiversity based value chains linking biodiversity conservation with value chain; the
project is currently supporting development of honey value chain in the project sites
- The write shop will be on experiences problems and best practices in biodiversity based value chains while
ensuring environmental, social inclusion and economic sustainability if the value chains
Who has an interest on writing a biodiversity based value chain?
group of two are interesting
start to think the specific value chain of focus
What do we want to do with them? Excursion? Visit organizations and learn more
Looking at specific value chain especially BBCV they are site specific how are we highlighting the boundary? Highland value
chain will be different from the coastal value chain
focus will be decided as a group,
specific value chains will be identified 5-6
share experiences between Kenya and Somalia plus the regional networks
Selection criteria for value chain more general? Or site specific? Cross cutting value chains?
charcoal value chain
honey value chain
lobster
Banana value chain
gum Arabic value chain interesting to Somalia
Does the value chain idea exist in Somalia? They are a bit new
first step introduce the idea, possibility of training
Trainers should be highly knowledgeable
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In Kenya BBBVC are more developed especially for example; gum Arabic, charcoal, ecotourism, wildlife farming, indigenous
fruit value chain (Mangrove), doum palm well developed in western Kenya, Turkana and coast carbon value chain to address
environmental sustainability, how carbon value chain can be explored as an opportunity to address environmental challenges
What value are we adding to existing information?
the write shop will focus on literature review and insights which are not necessarily published
Cross cutting value chains
Indigenous fruit value chain (Man groove in Kenya and Banana in Somalia)
Honey value chain
Charcoal value chain
Gum Arabic
Way forward
Learn from the experience of conservation group for example Mount Kenya region, Marine group.
Figure 4: Participants writing the value chains of interest under the guidance of Dr. Jan De Leeuw, photo by albert Mwangi
3.2 Discussion on formation of biodiversity value Chain network
Mr. James Acworth
Mr. Acworth defined networking as the act of making contact and regularly exchanging information with other people, groups
and institutions to develop mutually beneficial relationships.
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In the context of BMP, the Technical Advisory Team (TAT) will facilitate the creation and regular animation of networks to
promote and facilitate technical cooperation, knowledge sharing and information exchange amongst them with the objectives
to:
– Share experiences and best practises;
– Identify and advocate for new funding opportunities;
– Bring in added value and training opportunities;
– Break down inter-sectoral barriers; and
– Promote collaboration and partnerships,
The Biodiversity-Based Value Chain Regional Network of Researchers and Practitioners will have the following components;
• Structure:
– Overarching Network on BBVCs.
• Regional - IGAD
• National – Country level
– Subject-matter specialist BBVC networks:
• Ecotourism / wildlife based tourism;
• Fisheries
• Charcoal
• Monetizing Prosopis as a form of IAS control (not promoting its planting)
• Timber / Tree planting / agroforestry / Multipurpose trees/shrubs.
• Honey
• Gums, Resins, Oils from trees.
• Carbon
• Membership:
– Those researching, teaching, practicing, commercially involved in, or developing policies on BBVCs
(especially private sector).
– Open to all those interested
– Attendance to exchange visits by invitation, based on evidence that the exchange will benefit the individual
and the network.
• Network membership database
• Online database that is accessible online with comprehensive list of actors involved in the BMP - key stakeholders and
partners such as:
– Civil society and NGOs,
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– Universities and schools (research and teaching), etc.
– Private sector operators involved in the value chain.
– Policy makers
– Information is to include on the role they play in the BMP implementation:
• Implementing actor grant,
• BMP focal point,
• Training institution
• BBVC Experts
• Commercial operators.
Principles of the BBVC Network
• Identify driving interest for network to exist, add value to the value chain and for its members to sustain the network
activity;
• Network activities and BBVC research agenda should be driven by producer / commercial operator priorities.
• Where possible, build on / link to existing Expert networks rather than creating new ones.
• Identify appropriate institutional structures that are driven by a clear analysis of the VC system, and that can drive
policy-oriented reforms.
• Each BBVC Network should develop a simple strategy to guide its work.
• IGAD BMP will help support existing networks, with modest financial support,
• Avoid establishing any new network that will not be sustained after the end of the BMP program.
Functioning
• Virtual network:
– Using social network technology – need to agree which (FB, LinkedIn)
– Share news, stories, literature,
• Periodic exchange visits and meetings:
– Of Overarching Network coordinators
– Of Subject matter specialists.
• Hosting network: existing organizations (such as ICRAF, ICIPE, etc.)
• Funding:
– IGAD BMP has some funds to initiate (IGAD Djibouti central budget, and ICRAF Demo Project budget)
– Invite other specialist groups such as ICIPE, NGARA, and other to cost share.
The participants in the BBVC network will engage in a number of actions:
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• Share plans for, and experiences of, developing BBVCs at BMP Demonstration sites and at other relevant sites.
• Compile and share scientific literature, good-practice guidelines and case studies of successful BBVCs between
network members.
• Facilitate cross-border exchange visits to field sites where excellence in BBVC development can be demonstrated, to
learn from such experiences.
• Conduct a hands-on review a number of case studies of BBVC development, assessing in particular the social and
environmental outcomes of projects supporting the development of BBVCs, in addition to the usual economic
outcomes. Participants will learn from conducting their own analyses as to what makes BBVCs work, or not.
• Exchange regularly between members of the network for support, guidance and ideas for the development of BBVCs
at the BMP Demonstration sites.
• Encourage researchers to assist with the measurement and analysis of the impacts of BBVC development at the
Demonstration sites in particular the sharing of benefits, and questions of equity.
• Publish IGAD BMP’s own ‘good-practice guidelines” on BBVC development.
• Promotion of market integration and linkages for the BBVC.
• Monitoring & evaluating the activities of the network against agreed work plan.
Role of each subject-matter specialist BBVC networks
– To plan and coordinate activities of the BBVC Specialist Network.
– To convene multi-disciplinary meetings and draw lessons about good practice BBVCs.
– To develop a common framework for analysis of BBVCs
– To write up and share (publish?) findings on BBVC
To provide inputs to IGAD BMP Policy proposals for regional policy / regulatory development / reform on key Value
Chains
Priority Actions on network formation
• Website – Web Master – Who? Needs to be paid. How to fund? Host in existing institution with long term funding…
– Compile existing information on BBVC.
– End uses;
– Inputs, (seeds, planting materials, variety info, bags, packaging, etc.) service providers, trainers (funds!),
processing equipment, transport, markets, prices, traders, etc.;
– Maps of potential areas for production (species, etc.)
– Research papers, news articles;
– Contacts database;
– Case studies, analyses of the BBVCs
– Sales platform – eBay outlet for produce. Take a levy on sales to fund the portal / communications network /
Webmaster.
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– Success stories.
– Best practice guidelines.
– Links to other portals, service providers, research institutes etc.
3.3 Session 2: Keynote speeches
3.3.1 Income, Food and Climate Solutions for Smallholder Farmers
Mrs. Mary Njuguna; SNV Kenya
Mrs Njunguna Shared SNV’s experiences in implementing biodiversity based value chains. During her presentation, Mrs.
Njuguna highlighted the following points:
- SNV is present in 39 countries and is active in Kenya since 1960 (50 years in 2015)
- The main areas of intervention are: Water, sanitation and hygiene, Solar, Extensive livestock, Dairy, Horticulture and
Biogas.
- Target towards 2015: contribute to improving the livelihoods of 1.000.000 people in Kenya
- In sustainable markets, food and security, climate smart agriculture and gender and youth.
- Products and services under various programmes are: Market-based solutions (value chain development, inclusive
business, impact investment advisory services and local capacity development facilities), Partnership and policy
(public-private-civic partnerships) and policy (analysis, development and dialogue), Knowledge and research
(applied/action research, publications, debate and discussion platforms) and crosscutting themes (climate, gender,
governance).
- Many case studies were presented to the participants such as:
o Inclusive business Avocado Value Chain in Narok and Bomet Counties from 2011 to 2014:
o Identification of market attractive commodity,
o Development of inclusive business model for large firms,
o Development of business model for smallholders and Promotion of commercial avocado production business
model to smallholder farmers
Another case study on MaMaSe (Mau Mara Serengeti) Sustainable Water Initiative: a Market driven water wise
agricultural development in the upper Mara basin through that promotes Sustainable soil and water management,
Incentives of improved incomes and livelihoods and Linkage of conservation efforts to profitable agriculture &
NTFPs
The Solution: Climate Smart Agriculture:
Improved service provision in livestock production:
Rehabilitation of arid environment charitable trust:
Kenya Market-led Dairy Programme (KMDP):
Fodder for Incomes and Environment:
Fodder for incomes and Environment cont’d:
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Africa Biogas Partnership Program (ABPP):
Multiple Benefits of Domestic Biogas Plants
3.3.2 Role of private organizations on policy and institutions of biodiversity based value chains
Dr. Jan Vadenabeele; Better Globe Forestry
This presentation provided an overview of Better Globe Forestry LTD which core speciality is dryland afforestation with Melia
volkensii and Acacia senegal as flag species.
Choice of the species: Amelia volkensii:
- The partcipants were told that Melia volkensii was chosen because it gives good timber, is able to grow in areas with
low rainfall and is resistant to termites.
- It was added that M. volkensii is an indigenous species with light demanding and therefore compatible with
agroforestry
- Is part of the East-African Acacia-Commiphora woodland
- Its timber is a high-value substitute for mahogany from the Central & West African rainforests, and it can be grown
sustainably
Financial uses/benefits of the tree:
- Production & sale of seedlings (market value 40-50Ksh/pce)
- Mitigation of climate change during intercropping
- Fodder for livestock (not quantified)
- Use of bark/leaves/fruit extracts as insecticide/fungicide (under research)
- Timber (Stumpage value 2000-4000Ksh depending on tree size, quality, timber 25-80Ksh/foot) & firewood (also sold
standing)
Choice of the species: Acacia senegal/seyal. It was said that:
- The species can be grown profitably in areas with as few as 200mm MAR, and as such occurring over vast stretches of
semi-arid and arid land, mainly of pastoralist use.
- Product of interest: GUM ARABIC, and fuel wood after 25 years.
- Three varieties occur in Kenya: A. senegal var senegal, A. senegal var kerensis and A. senegal var leiorachis. The
kerensis variety is of specific interest to Kenya, with higher viscosity.
- Fast grower, starts producing first gum in 3 years
- Value chain and business model, challenges/risks and mitigation measures regarding the two species were provided
3.3.2 Biodiversity Based Value Chains; A Policy and Institutional Context
Kiringai Kamau, Advisor to the Cabinet Secretary on Agriculture and Private Sector
- Provided a background on how the system of principles for supporting decision making for achieving rational
outcomes is structured
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- Considering the agroforestry input though research, it was shown that the flow of farm produce and value added starts
with good agroforestry practices to retailing, marketing and promotion with SMEs and informal sector as agents of
value chain
- At the same time flow of finance and investments go to the opposite direction with services provision (Medicines,
Tiber, Wines, Foods, Nutrition, Soil treatment) at every layer of the chain.
- Critical knowledge sets were provided:
Weather information
ICTs/Nursery inputs
Extension/other service providers
Transport
Value chain aligned Credit
Storage-aggreagtor/Agroforestery organization/Produce Buyer
Market-Local, Regional, International
- Regarding policy and institutional context, many questions were asked:
Are there any gaps to be addressed when considering service, data and value chain continuum?
What Structural framework is needed for this?
What Systems do we need to drive Structure?
Is there need for a long term Strategy for this?
3.4 Conclusion
The workshop was sucessful as it resulted in identification of value chains of interest and group formation in
preperation of the upcoming write shop. The value chains and the writing team are summarized in Table 1 below
3.5 Closing Remarks
Mr. James Acworth applauded the participants, keynote speakers and the organizing team for the successful
workshop. He observed that the workshop was very useful as it provided an opportunity for the participants to
share experiences, challenges and best practices on biodiversity based value chains. The participants also
developed a platform for establishment of a regional network on biodiversity based value chains. He appreciated
the fact that the workshop deliberation provided the participants with additional knowledge to linking biodiversity
conservation to value chain while ensuring social inclusiveness, economic and environmental sustainability.
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Table 1: Value chain, Writing team and Country of origin
Topic Writing Team Country
Charcoal 1. Anthony Ochino
2. Mohamed Ahmed Mabey
3. Peris Kariuki
Kenya
Somalia
Kenya
Tamarind 4. Linus Wekesa
5. Sammy Carsan
Kenya
Kenya / ICRAF
Gum arabica 6. Mohamed K. A. Mohamed
7. Judith Soymabu
Somalia
Kenya
Honey 8. Adam Ali Mohamed
9. Abeje Kassi
10. Ali Houmed
Somalia
Ethiopia / IGAD
Ethiopia / IGAD
Carbon 11. Maarifa Mwakumanya
12. Sebastian Chakeredza
Kenya
Kenya / ANAFE
Ecotourism 13. Gatluak Gatkoth
14. Fanud Kebede
15. Philip Osano
Ethiopia / IGAD
Ethiopia / IGAD
Kenya / SEI
Fish 16. Titus Ndiwa
17. Hassan Ali Yusuf
Kenya
Somalia
Melia 18. Mathenga Gitonga
19. Jan Vandenabeele
Kenya
Kenya
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List of Annexes
Workshop Program
BIODIVERSITY BASED VALUE CHAINS
Theme: Building a network of researchers, educators and developers to improve Biodiversity-based Value Chain
Development in the Horn of Africa
Organizers: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in collaboration with African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry
and Natural Resource Education (ANAFE)
Dates: October 1st –2nd 2015
VENUE: ICRAF Campus, Un Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya.
Supported by EU funded Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
Biodiversity Management Program (BMP)
Annex 1: Workshop Program
Day 1, October 1st
TIME ACTIVITY RESPONSIBLE
8.30 – 9.00 Registration Eunice Wamwangi
09.00-09.05 Setting the scene Prof. Yaye Aissetou
9.05- 09.10 Welcome remarks by Principal Investigator Dr. Jan De Leeuw
09.10-9.15 Welcome remarks by the Regional Coordinator Dr. Jeremias Mowo
9.15 – 9.25 Opening DG ICRAF Dr. Tony Simons
9.25 – 09.50 Introductions All
09.50-10.00 Group Photo All
10.00-10.30 Coffee Break All
10.30-10.40 Brief on IGAD BMP Project Mr. James Acworth
10.40-10.50 Objectives and expected output of the workshop Mr. Josephat Nyongesa
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10.50-11.05 Introduction to value chains in agriculture TBD
11.05-11.20 Challenges of linking value chains and biodiversity conservation Mr. James Acworth / Dr. Jan de Leeuw
11.20 – 11.40 Group work experience biodiversity value chains Groups
11.20 – 12.30 Plenary discussion on experience and challenges in biodiversity based value chains Prof. Aissetou Yaye
12.30 – 13.30 Lunch break Mrs. Eunice Wamwangi
13.30-13.45 Gum arabic value chain Dr. Ben Chikamai
13.45-14.00 Charcoal value chain Dr. Miyuki Liyama
14.00-14.15 Honey based value chain Prof. Raina Suresh Kuma
14.15-14.45 Plenary discussion Dr. Jan de Leeuw
14.45 - 15.15 Tea break Mrs. Eunice Wamwangi
15.15-15.30 Value chains related to wildlife-based ecotourism Dr. Philip Osano
15.30-15.45 Livestock value chain NRT TBC
15.45-16.00 Carbon Credit Value Chain Dr. Peter Minang
16.00-16.30 Plenary discussion Mr. James Acworth
16.30-17.00 Objectives, proposed activities and outputs for the regional network on
biodiversity-based value chains and the exchange program.
Dr. Jan De Leeuw and Mr. James Acworth
Day 2, October 2nd
9.00 – 9.15 Recapitulation of the first day Dr. Sammy Carsan
Parallel session 1 Write shop and excursion
9.15 – 9.45 Group 1 discussion on the exchange program and the various value chains Facilitated by Dr. Jan de Leeuw
9.45 – 10.00 Formation of value chain groups
Facilitated by Prof. Yaye Aissetou
Parallel session 2 Regional network of expertise Facilitated by Mr. James Acworth
9.15 – 10.00 Group 2 discussion on regional network for biodiversity based value chains Facilitated byMr. James Acworth
10.00 – 10.30 Coffee break Mrs. Eunice Wamwangi
10.30 – 10.45 SNV experience in implementing biodiversity based value chains Dr. Mary Njuguna; SNV Kenya
10.45-11.00 Role of private organizations on policy and institutions of biodiversity based value
chains
Dr. Jan Vadenabeele; Better Globe Forestry
11.00-11.15 Role of the government on policy and institutional context of biodiversity based
value chains
Dr. Karingai Kamau ; Advisor to the Cabinet
Secretary agri business
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11.15-11.45 Plenary discussion
11.45-12.30 Panel discussion on curriculum development, training and research in BBVC
Panelists: Dr. Daniel Sila (JKUAT, Kenya); Dr.Mohamed Khadar (Abdi Mohamed
(University of Banadi); Dr Hared Abdullahi Nur (Professor at Amoud University,
Borama, Somaliland and Golis University) and Dr. Abdiqani ahmed Farah (East
Africa University of Somalia)
Prof. Yaye Aissetou
12.30 – 13.30 Lunch Mrs. Eunice Wamwangi
Parallel session 2 Regional network of expertise Facilitated by Mr. James Acworth
13.30-14.15 Group discussion on setting up the BBVC network Mr. James Acworth
Parallel session 1 Write shop and excursion
13.30-14.15 Group discussion on planning write shop and excursion value chain groups Dr. Jan de Leeuw
14.15 – 15.00 Presentations by network and value chain groups Group leaders
15.00 – 15.30 Tea break Mrs. Eunice Wamwangi
15.30-16.30 Way forward: proposed strategy and planning for [1] the write shop and [2] the
regional network of to improve Biodiversity Value Chain development
Dr. Jan de Leeuw
16.30-16.45 Summary of what has been agreed upon Dr. Sammy Carsan
16.45-18.00 Closure and drinks Dr. Jeremias Mowo
Annex 2: List of keynote speakers
Name Topic Institution
Dr. Jan de Leeuw Introduction to biodiversity based value chains ICRAF
Mr. Robinson Ng’ethe Gum arabic value chain AGFOR
Prof. Raina, Suresh Kumar Honey based value chain ICIPE
Dr.Philip Osano Value chains related to wildlife Based ecotourism SEI
Dr. Peter Minang Carbon credit value chain ICRAF
Dr. Miyuki Liyama Charcoal value chain ICRAF
Day 2: October 2nd
Dr. Mary Njuguna Implementing biodiversity based value chains SNV
Dr. Daniel Sila Training and research in value chains JKUAT
Prof. Yaye Aissetou Curriculum development value chain and strengthening ANAFE
Dr. Jan Vadenabeele the role of private enterprise in the development of biodiversity based value
chains
Better Globe Forestry
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Dr. Kiringari Kamau Policy and institutional context of biodiversity based value chains Research Assistant,
Agribusiness
Annex 3: List of Participants
Name Region Institution Email adress Phone number
Hassan Ali Yusuf Mogadishu Banadir University [email protected] +252616999790
Mohamud Ahmed Madey
Jubaland [email protected] 252-61-5879713/+252629333370
Adam Ali Mohamed
Jubaland [email protected]
Mohamed Khadar
Abdi Mohamed
Mogadishu Dean of the Faculty of
Agriculture, Banadir University,
00252615102300
Dr Hared Abdullahi Nur
Somalia land Professor at Amoud University, Borama, Somaliland and Golis
University
+252634481181
Abdiqani ahmed
Farah
Puntland full time lecturer at the East
Africa University.
[email protected] +2520906794164
Judith Syombua
Mbau (F)
UON Lecturer PHD; Dry land Resource Management [email protected]
Anthony Michael
Ochino (M)
NMK Director, Training &
EducationConservation Solutions Afrika; Partner Forest
ManagementConservation
Solutions Afrika
Msc;Conservation & management of
forests
Wekesa Linus Leslie Chesoli (M)
KEFRI Deputy Regional Director for the Coast Eco-Region Research
Programme, Technical
Coordinator to the Kenya Coastal Development Project
(KCDP)
Msc; Socio Economist, Marketing Specialist
MAARIFA ALI
MWAKUMANYA
Pwani University Dean school of Environmental
and Earth Science
PhD Environmental Science [email protected]
Mathenge Gitonga
(M)
KFS Head Research, Liaison and
Project Development
MA;Forester, Policy in forestry [email protected]
Titus Ndiwa NMK Head Ichthyology Section [email protected]
Peris Kariuki NMK [email protected]