biodiesel production from cherry (prunus cerasus ......biodiesel properties property biodiesel cko...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM
CHERRY (Prunus cerasus L.)
KERNEL OIL
Olivera Stamenković, Milan Kostić, Vlada Veljković
University of Niš, Faculty of Technology, Leskovac, Serbia
![Page 2: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BIODIESEL?
TAG Transesterification (alcoholysis)
Fatty acid methyl esters mixture - satisfied the biodiesel quality
standard (EN 14214 ili ASTM D6751)
R -C-OH + CH3OH R-C-O-CH3 + H2O
FFA
FFA Esterification
O
Oily feedstock
(TAG)
CH2-O-C-R1
CH -O-C-R2 + 3 CH3OH
O
CH2-O-C-R3
O
catalyst
CH3-O-C-R1
CH3-O-C-R2 + CH-OH
CH3-O-C-R3
CH2-OH
CH2-OH
Fatty acid methyl esters
(biodiesel)Glycerol
O
O
O
catalystOO
![Page 3: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Actuality of biodiesel
![Page 4: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BIODIESEL
Vegetable
oils
(crude, refined,
used)
Animal fats
Waste oils
Alcoholysis
Higher cetane number
Biodegradable
Less toxic
Less smoke and dust
Less GHG emission
vs fossil diesel
![Page 5: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Oily feedstocks
1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation
Edible crops oil,
animal fats Non–edible crops oils,
waste fats and oils
Algal biomass
![Page 6: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
novel feedstocks from cheap and waste sources not competing with food
➢ Winter cover crops
Oily feedstocks - Perspectives
➢ Waste oily by-products from food processing
![Page 7: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Goal:The biodiesel production from cherry kernel oil (CKO) with high free fatty acid
(FFA) content by methanolysis over CaO in a batch stirred reactor
➢ Oil extraction: Soxhlet method by using n-hexane
➢ Two step process for biodiesel production:
• FFA esterification: methanol/oil molar ratio: 8.5/1; H2SO4 amount: 2 wt%
(to the oil), temperature: 45 oC
• TAG methanolysis: methanol/oil molar ratio: 9:1, the CaO loading: 5 wt%
(to the oil), temperature: 50 oC
EXPERIMENTAL:
➢ Analytical method: HPLC
![Page 8: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
RESULTS
Property
Density (20 oC), g/ml 916.1
Viscosity (20 oC), mPas 93.3
Acid value, mg KOH/g oil 29.3
FFA, % 14.6
Iodine value, g I2/100 g ulja 141.7
Water content, % 0.21
Fatty acid compositions, %
C16:0 6.6
C18:0 2.1
C18:1 41.25
C18:2 48.93
C20:0 1.12Extraction conditions: n-hexane,
solvent/kernel ratio: 6/1, 3 h
Oil content: 28%
Physico-chemical properties of CKO
Oil extraction from cherry kernels
![Page 9: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FFA esterification
The FFA content variation with time (45 oC, methanol/oil molar ratio :
8.5/1, H2SO4 amount 2 %)
1%
![Page 10: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TAG methanolysis
The variation of reaction mixture composition with time (50 oC,
methanol/oil molar ratio 9/1, CaO amount 5 %
![Page 11: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Scheme of experimental
procedure
![Page 12: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biodiesel properties
Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214
Density (15 °C), kg/m3 862 860-900
Viscosity (40 °C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0
Acid value, mg KOH/g 0.42 0.50 max
Iodine value, g I2/100 g 137 120 max
Water content, mg/kg 260 500 max
FAME, % 99.1 96.5 min
MAG, % 0.7 0.8 % max
DAG, % 0.1 0.2 % max
TAG, % 0.1 0.2 % max
Flash point, °C 146 101 min
Cetane number 52 51 min
![Page 13: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS
➢The low-cost cherry kernels are promising feedstock for
biodiesel production because of significant oil content
➢The two step process (acid-catalyzed esterification of FFAs
followed by the base-catalyzed methanolysis of the esterified
oil) was applied due to high acid value of crude CKO
➢The properties of obtained FAME are within the
specifications of EN14214 biodiesel standards, except theiodine value which is above the standard limitation
![Page 14: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CHERRY (Prunus cerasus ......Biodiesel properties Property Biodiesel CKO EN 14214 Density (15 C), kg/m3 862 860-900 Viscosity (40 C), mm2/s 4.24 3.5-5.0 Acid](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062508/6057cd4752a0bb26941ee3bf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)