biochemistry of cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7cfvoc4&v=4dbkagcq8mm
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biochemistry of Cells
1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_739350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM
![Page 2: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Carbon CompoundsSection 2.3
![Page 3: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Carbon CompoundsOrganic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Monomer:Monosaccharide
Made up of:Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen (H:O in 2:1 ratio)
Lipids
Monomer: Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen(H:O not in 2:1 ratio)
Proteins
Monomer: Amino Acid
Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Nucleic Acids
Monomer: Nucleotide
1) 5 Carbon sugar, 2) phosphate group 3)nitrogenous base
Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
![Page 4: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Organic CompoundsAll compounds are either ORGANIC, containing carbon bonded to hydrogen and oxygen, or INORGANIC.
The chemistry of carbon is the chemistry of life.
![Page 5: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Carbon Bonding:Carbon has FOUR valence electrons Needs eight electrons to be stable
Carbon readily forms four covalent bonds with other atoms, including carbon
![Page 6: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Carbon BondingCarbon can form straight chains,
branched chains, or rings Leading to a great variety of organic
compounds
![Page 7: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Carbon BondingSingle Bond Sharing 2 electrons A single line
Double Bond Sharing 4 electrons Two parallel lines
Triple Bond Sharing 6 electrons Three parallel lines
![Page 8: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Large Carbon Molecules:
In many carbon compounds, the molecules are built up from smaller, simpler molecules known as MONOMERS.
Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as POLYMERS. Large polymers are also called MACROMOLECULES The process of reacting monomer molecules together in a
chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks - POLYMERIZATION
![Page 9: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2-3 Carbon CompoundsOrganic Chemistry – The study of
all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
Draw a Carbon- atom with the proper number of valence electrons.
![Page 10: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2-3 Carbon CompoundsWhat is so unique about Carbon? Can form up to four covalent bonds Can form single, double, or triple bonds Can bond to other carbons forming long chains and
rings
![Page 11: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hydrocarbons: Are the main
molecules in the gasoline we burn in our cars
11
The hydrocarbons of fat molecules
provide energy for our bodies
![Page 12: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The six most abundant elements of life
![Page 13: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Macromolecules“Giant Molecules”Formed by a process
known as polymerization.
Monomer – smaller unitsPolymer – larger units
formed by monomers.
![Page 15: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How are Polymers formed?
15
Cells link monomers by a process called dehydration
synthesis (removing a molecule of water)
![Page 16: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How are Polymers Digested?
Cells break down macromolecules by a process called hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water)
16
![Page 17: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Polymers in our Body
Proteins
17
Lipids
Carbohydrates Nucleic
Acids
![Page 18: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
![Page 19: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Carbohydrates
1:2:1 Ratio of carbon-hydrogen-oxygen
Plants and Animals use carbohydrates as main source of energy
CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN
![Page 20: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Carbohydrates Monomer = monosaccharide - a single sugar unit like those found in soda
Ex:
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
![Page 21: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CarbohydratesPolymer Disaccharides: Two sugar units combined like those found in cereal, candy, or milk.
![Page 22: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CarbohydratesPolymer Polysaccharide: many sugar units combined
like those found in pasta and potatoes
Ex:Starch: multiple glucose units - how plants store carbs
![Page 23: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Carbohydrates Ex:
Glycogen: multiple glucose units how animals store carbs (1 or two days max)
Cellulose:multiple glucose unitsused to build cell wallof plants
![Page 24: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nucleic AcidsMonomer: nucleotide
Made of sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.
Polymer: polynucleotide or nucleic acid
Store and transmit hereditary or genetic material
Ex: DNA or RNA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fTYZVkmMuU&feature=relmfu
![Page 25: Biochemistry of Cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff61a28abf838cbe03d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)