BiochemistryChapter 2

The Chemistry of Carbon 4 valence electrons = very

versatile Easily bonds w/ H,O, P, S, & N forms long chains

Methane Acetylene Butadiene Benzene Isooctane

Macromolecules join monomers = polymers 4 organic compounds

(macromolecules) are:– Nucleic acids– Proteins– Carbohydrates– Lipids

EXAMPLE of POLYMER

MONOMER

A TRAIN ?

A PEARL NECKLACE ?

EXAMPLE of POLYMER

MONOMER

Train The cars…

Pearl Necklace Each pearl

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

(starch/ polysaccharide) Monomer: monosaccharide (sugar) Made up of C, H, O Functions:

main source of ENERGY (Instant) Structure (in plants… like cellulose in cell

walls)

Lipids

Proteins

Example: enzymes Monomers: amino acids Elements: C, H, O, N Functions:

Control the rate of reactions Regulate cell processes Form bones and muscles Transport substances Help fight disease

Shape is important – determines function

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acid

Examples: DNA, RNA Monomers: nucleotide Elements: C, H, O, N, P Function: Store / transmit genetic

instructions Coded instructions for making

proteins (pg. 197)

Proteins

Lipids Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steroids Monomers: glycerol and fatty acids Elements: C, H, O Functions:

STORE energy Make up biological membranes waterproof coverings