biochemistry
DESCRIPTION
Biochemistry. A Way of. LIFE. Hierarchy of matter. Atoms Elements HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms Monomers make up polymers Monosaccharides Fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides Biological Compounds (polymers) Carbohydrates (CH 2 0) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Atoms Elements
HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms Monomers make up polymers
Monosaccharides Fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides
Biological Compounds (polymers) Carbohydrates (CH20) Lipids (CHO) 2x as many H as C, fewer O Proteins (CHONS) Nucleic Acids (CHONP)
Monomer Single unit of a macromolecule Can be linked together to form polymers
MonomerMonomer Monomer Monomer
AKA: sugars, saccharides <the movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in
which everyone lives happily ever after>development of saccharin -- an artificial sweetener known
today to many seasoned dieters as Sweet-n-Low. Why are they important?
Polymer: Cellulose
Polymer: Glycogen Animal energy
Monomers (C6H12O6 )Glucose - Photosynthesis Fructose - FruitGalactose – Milk
Same chemical formulaDifferent shape = isomer
Polymer : Starch Plant Energy
C6H12O6
+ C6H12O6
When H2O is created because two monomers are united, this is called a condensation reaction.
The opposite, when water is added to break a polymer apart, it is called hydrolysis.
C12H22 O11
Phospholipids Triglycerides Waxes Steroids
Type of Steroids: Cholesterol
Hormones Androgen
Corticosteroids HGH BGH
Lots of C, twice as much H, very little O Long hydrocarbon chains
Fatty acid (monomer)
Triglyceride (Fats) Saturated or unsaturated Oil (liquid) - E storage Fat (solid) - E storage, insulation, padding
-NonpolarNonpolar-HydrophobicHydrophobic
-PolarPolar-HydrophilicHydrophilic
Glycerol
TRIGLYCERIDE
Glycerol
Phosphate
PHOSPHOLIPID
Impermeable to H20, maintains cell integrity.
C, H, O, N and sometimes S Peptide = Amino Acid = Protein Monomer
Over twenty varieties(They differ only in the “radical” group)
RRRadical GroupRadical Group
CC
HH
NNHH
HHCC
OO
OO HH
Enzymes are a type of protein Lower the activation
energy for chemical reactions
Are reusable Phenylketonuria
Neurological disease Lack of enzyme Phenylalanine hydroxlase
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine hydroxlase
Proteins are polymers comprised of amino acids
Structural examples Muscle fibers, hair, cytoskeleton Cell membrane proteins
C, H, O, N, and P Nucleotide (nucleic acid monomer)
Monosaccharide Ribose or Deoxyribose
Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Group
Nucleic Acid PolymersRNA
Protein synthesisDNA
Primary genetic info
1. List the 6 elements common to all organisms 2. Name four organic compounds 3. Describe the amount of elements found in a carbohydrate
monomer. 4. Name 3 carbohydrate monomers 5. Name 3 carbohydrate polymers 6. Name the polymer for each monomer
A. nucleotide C. Fatty acid B. monosaccharide D. Amino acid
7. Draw a rough outline of what a nucleic acid monomer and a carbohydrate monomer would look like.
8. What elements are in a nucleic acid monomer?