BellRinger1) What is a molecule?

2) If you had to guess, what do you think the term “organic macromolecules” means?

•Mr. Bowden will collect:• Illustration of the Nitrogen Cycle• NOTES: Biogeochemical Cycles• Sub Assignment: Atoms & Molecules

AgendaCollect Homework:

Illustration of Nitrogen CycleNotes: Biogeochemical Cycles

Collect Sub Assignment:Atoms and Molecules Worksheet

GUIDED NOTES: Biochemistry & Properties of WaterStudents practice drawing moleculesReview Questions

INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY

ATOMSATOMSEverything in the universe is made of Everything in the universe is made of

tiny particles called atomstiny particles called atoms

Atoms are very, very small. More than Atoms are very, very small. More than 2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0002,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms make up a single drop of water.atoms make up a single drop of water.

ATOMIC SYMBOLSThe names of Atoms are abbreviated The names of Atoms are abbreviated

with 1 or 2 letters called the Atomic with 1 or 2 letters called the Atomic Symbol.Symbol.

The Atomic Symbol of every type of The Atomic Symbol of every type of atom is listed in the periodic table atom is listed in the periodic table

MOLECULESMolecules are groups of atoms Molecules are groups of atoms

that have been bonded together.that have been bonded together.

 

H2O C6H12O

6

CO2

MOLECULAR FORMULASA formula lists the atoms that make up a A formula lists the atoms that make up a

molecule.molecule.

If an atomic symbol is followed by a small If an atomic symbol is followed by a small number then that number is how many atoms number then that number is how many atoms of that kind are found in the moleculeof that kind are found in the molecule

Example: Example: NHNH33 = 1 Nitrogen, 3 Hydrogen = 1 Nitrogen, 3 Hydrogen

ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES

““Organic” is a word that means Living.Organic” is a word that means Living.

““Macro” is the opposite of “Micro”, so it means Macro” is the opposite of “Micro”, so it means Large.Large.

Organic Macromolecules Organic Macromolecules areare large molecules large molecules that are found within living thingsthat are found within living things

Organic molecules are mostly made up of 4 Organic molecules are mostly made up of 4 elements:elements:CarbonCarbonHydrogenHydrogenOxygenOxygenNitrogenNitrogen

TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES

Macromolecules are Macromolecules are made by joining made by joining together small units together small units called monomers to called monomers to form long chains called form long chains called polymers.polymers.

There are 4 types:There are 4 types:CarbohydratesCarbohydratesLipidsLipidsProteins Proteins Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

PROPERTIES OF WATER

Water MoleculesWater MoleculesA water molecule (HA water molecule (H22O), is O), is made up of three atoms --- made up of three atoms --- one oxygen and two one oxygen and two hydrogen.hydrogen.

POLARITYWater is a neutral molecule, because the Water is a neutral molecule, because the

negative charges are balanced by the negative charges are balanced by the positive charges.positive charges.

However, water molecules are polar, However, water molecules are polar, meaning they have a partially positive meaning they have a partially positive side and a partially negative side.side and a partially negative side.

This polarity is due to an uneven This polarity is due to an uneven distribution of electrons between the distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

POLARITY OF WATER

HYDROGEN BONDING

When it comes to When it comes to electric charges, electric charges, opposites attract. opposites attract. The positive end of one The positive end of one water molecule is water molecule is attracted to the attracted to the negative end of negative end of another.another.

This electrical This electrical attraction between attraction between water molecules forms water molecules forms a connection that a connection that scientists call a scientists call a “Hydrogen Bond”“Hydrogen Bond”

Properties of WaterProperties of Water

4 important properties of 4 important properties of water: water: CohesionCohesionAdhesionAdhesionResistance to Temperature Resistance to Temperature

ChangeChangeLess Dense as a SolidLess Dense as a Solid

CohesionCohesion

Attraction between particles of a Attraction between particles of a substance. Cohesive substances substance. Cohesive substances stick together.stick together.

Results in Results in surface tension surface tension that that produces a film allowing insects to produces a film allowing insects to walk on the surface of water walk on the surface of water

ZeroG Water Balloons

AdhesionAdhesionAttraction between two different Attraction between two different

substances.substances.

Water will make hydrogen bonds with Water will make hydrogen bonds with other surfaces such as glass, soil, plant other surfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and cotton. tissues, and cotton.

Attached to a silken spider Attached to a silken spider webweb

Form spheres & hold onto plant leavesForm spheres & hold onto plant leaves

Capillary Action Magic Trick

Resistance to Resistance to Temperature ChangeTemperature Change

Water resists Water resists temperature change, temperature change, both for heating and both for heating and cooling. It can absorb cooling. It can absorb or release large or release large amounts of heat amounts of heat energy with little energy with little change in actual change in actual temperature.temperature.

This is because the This is because the hydrogen bonds hydrogen bonds between water between water molecules work to keep molecules work to keep things in a liquid state.things in a liquid state.

Water is Less Dense as a Water is Less Dense as a SolidSolid

Ice is less dense then Ice is less dense then liquid water. That is why liquid water. That is why ice floatsice floats

Molecules in Liquid Molecules in Liquid Water are constantly Water are constantly breaking and reforming breaking and reforming hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonds, meaning they are close meaning they are close together.together.

Frozen water forms a Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice crystal-like lattice whereby molecules are whereby molecules are spread out at fixed spread out at fixed distances.distances.

WaterWater IceIce

Assignments

Drawing and Reading Molecules

Review Questions

Assignments

Drawing and Reading Molecules

Review Questions