bio3: muscular and skeletal
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The Protective and SupportSystem of Animals
bio3
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THE PROTECTIVE ANDSUPPORT SYSTEMS OFANIMALS
Ma in functions: to provide support, protectiona nd en a ble movement of different skelet a l forms
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Hydrostatic Skeletonexhibited by mollusks a nd nem a todes/ worms
pressurized fluid in comp a rtments a nd by usingthe muscles surrounding these comp a rtments,the a nim a l ch a nges sh a pe a nd producesmovement (perist a ltic movement - squeezingother segments while a llowing others to rel a x)
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Hydrostatic Skeleton
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skeletons which enc a ses the org a nisms body exhibited by insects, crust a cea ns a ndspiderscomposed of CHITIN (light, strong for
protection a nd reduction of w a ter loss);ca n be c a lcified for further strengthening
Exoskeleton
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Exoskeleton
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found within the body of the a nim a l
vertebr a tes (bones) a nd echinoderms(ossicles) ± c a lcium rich2 sections: a xia l skeleton a nda
ppendicula
r skeleton
Endoskeleton
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Endoskeleton
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Muscle Actions
D epressor ± depresses the lower j a w (opens themouth)L
ev a
tor ± elev a
tes the lower ja w (closes themouth)
A dductor ± pulls the limb tow a rds the body m a ss
A bductor ± pulls the limb a w a y from the body m a ssF lexor ± folds the limb (decre a se the a ngle)E xtensor ± extends the limb (incre a se the a ngle)
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