Nanocellulose is a term referring to nano -structured cellulose.  It  is  a  lightweight  material.  It  has  high-strength & durability. Nanocellulose/CNF or NCC can  be  prepared  from  any  cellulose  source material,  but  wood  pulp is  normally  used. Nanocellulose  is completely  renewable. It   can also be obtained from native fibers by an acid hydrolysis, giving rise to highly crystalline and rigid, the resulting material is known as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC).

REFERENCE

CONCLUSION

APPLICATIONS

Divya C S & Saneesh V S, MSc. BIOPOLYMER SCIENCE CENTER FOR BIOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CBPST), KOCHI

WHY NANOCELLULOSE ?

It improve properties:

‐ Mechanical (strength, modulus and strain)

‐ Thermal stability

‐ Toughness

‐ Barrier

- Optical

Biodegradability

Biocompatibility

Haemocompatibility

• Use renewable raw materials

• Packaging, medical, transport, electronics, etc.

PROPERTIES

 

These  impressive  mechanical  properties  make cellulose  nanoparticles  ideal  candidates  for    the processing of reinforced polymer composites.

The optical properties of nanocellulose films can be investigated  by  determining  the  regular  light transmittance with a UV-visible spectrometer.

Films  made  only  from  MFC  can  be  optically transparent  if  the  cellulose  nanofibers  are  densely packed,  and  the  interstices  between  the  fibers  are small enough to avoid light scattering.

The specific Young's modulus of NC is around                65 J g−1 for microfibrils and 85 J g−1 for nanocrystals.

  NCC PROPERTIES:Density -1.5g/cm³Tensile strength -10000 MPaYoung’s modulus – 150 GPaElongation at break -6.7 %

Biomedical applications

Tissue bioscaffolds for cellular culture

Drug excipient and drug delivery

Substitutes/medical biomaterials

-Blood vessel replacement

-Soft tissue–ligament, meniscus, and cartilage replacements

-Nucleus pulposus replacement

Advanced nanomaterials

-Tissue repair, regeneration and healing

-Bone tissue regeneration and healing

Antimicrobial nanomaterials

Optical coatings and sensors

BNC hydrogels 

RECENT TRENDS

It is expected that fluorescent modification on nanocellulose enables the potential use in biomedical fields, such as optical bioimaging, biosensor, and photodynamic therapy.

 Surface grafting of amino acid molecules can offer biologically active building blocks on nanocellulose, which may contribute to the potential of nanocellulose to be used as a nanocarrier for DNA delivery

The aim of this poster is to demonstrate the current state of research and future development of nanocellulose in the application of biomedicine .

  Nanocellulose-based drug carriers are used                                 for  synergically medical therapy purposes.

The studies on the development of tissue substitutes and repair biomaterials have made positive progress and is versatile.

“Material from the forest will save the world” – Prof.Paul Gatenholm

 o  Dufresne A  ,Nanocellulose, From nature to 

high performance tailored materialsWalter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston (2012)

o http://www.vtnews.vt.edu/articles/2008/11/2008-693.html

o  Dufresne A. Nanocellulose: a new ageless bionanomaterial. Mater Today 2013;16:220-7.

TYPES

BIO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOCELLULOSE

Bioscaffold mainly utilized in bone and cartilage regeneration.Nanocellulose-based biomaterials include hydrogels composites electrospun nanofibres sponges & membranes.BC  has low cytotoxicity & high porosity. 

DRUG EXCIPIENT AND DRUG DELIVERYIt is used as pharmaceutical excipients to condense drug-loaded matrices as suitable tablets for oral administration. Lin et al. developed a pH-sensitive CNC/sodium alginate microsphere-based controlled release system for drug delivery.

SUBSTITUTES/MEDICAL BIOMATERIALS

Most common treatments to cardiovasculardisease is the coronary bypass graft surgery, which performed to supply blood to the heart tissue with a suitable blood vessel replacement.

Type of Nanocellulose

Synonyms Typical Sources Formation and Average Size

Micro fibrillated Cellulose (MFC)

Nanofibrils and microfibrils, nanofibrillated cellulose

Wood, sugar beet, potato tuber, hemp, flax

Delamination of wood pulp by mechanical pressure before and/or after chemical or enzymatic treatmentDiameter: 5-60nm

Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC)

Cellulose nanocrystals, whiskers, rod-like cellulose microcrystals

Wood, cotton, hemp, flax, wheat straw, mulberry bark, ramie, cellulose from algae and bacteria

Acid hydrolysis of celluloseDiameter: 7-20nmLength: 100-250nm (from plants); 100nm-several micrometers (from algae, bacteria)

Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)

Microbial cellulose, biocellulose

Low-molecular-weight sugars and alcohols

Bacterial synthesisDiameter: 20-100nm

INTRODUCTION

BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (BC)

NANO CELLULOSE

  MICROFIBRILLA

TED CELLULOSE

(MFC)

NANOFIBRILLAR CELLULOSE (NFC)

CELLULOSE NANOFIBRILS

(CNF)

TISSUE BIOSCAFFOLDS FOR CELLULAR CULTURE

BLOOD VESSEL REPLACEMENT 

HERNIATED NUCLEO PULPOUS

Promising mechanical properties & good biocompatibilityof nanocellulose promote its R&D as substitute/medical biomaterial.