bio- gregory penner soy 20/20 project may 27 th, 2005 mass to chemistry tocars
TRANSCRIPT
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Bio-
Gregory Penner
Soy 20/20 Project
May 27th, 2005
mass to Chemistry to Cars
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Overview
• How did petroleum win?
• Targets where biomass could be competitive
• A glimpse of the future
• What do we need to do?
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The 20th century belonged to petroleum.
Most intermediate chemicalsare made from petroleum.
An average car contains 275 lbsof plastic.
2,250 Ontario plastics companies,shipped $14.7 B in products in 2003.
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How did we get here?
Petroleum was discovered in Ontario in 1858.
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Oil has always beaten agricultural biomass on price.
$0.00
$0.10
$0.20
$0.30
$0.40
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
$/lb
Oil
Corn
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Specific targets
1.) Automotive coatings
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Dupont SuperSolidsTM Paint
Reduce VOCemissions 25%
Works with existingequipment.
Based on vinyl monomer with branched glutaric acid.
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VinylPolymer
Automotive coatings
VinylMonomer
BranchedGlutaric
Acid
Acrylic Acid
Esters
C5H7O4
C3H4O2
$0.65/lb
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A bio-based source?
Soybean 20% oil$0.22/lb
Canola 40% oil$0.25/lb
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A bio-based source?
Vegetable oil is composed of fatty acids.
Stearic acid 18:0
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Double bonds provide an opportunity.
Stearic becomes Oleic
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-COOH-=
Ozo
ne
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Fatty acids occurring in nature.
Fatty acid Formula Double bonds Fragments
Linolenic 18:2 9,12 9, 3, 6Gamma linolenic 18:3 6,9,12 2 x 6, 2 x 3EPA 20:5 5,8,11,14,17 5, 4 x 3, 1DHA 22:6 4,7,10,13,16,19 4, 5 x 3, 1
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A new engineering opportunity
• Design fatty acid desaturases for targeted molecules
C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-COOH
20:4 divided in four 4 x Glutaric Acid
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Summary
• An opportunity exists to make carboxylic acids from vegetable oil.
• Modification of plants is required.– Modification of specificity of desaturases– Modification of fatty acid composition
• Time will be required to create these modifications
• Concerns exist over the presence of industrial components in food crops
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Specific Target #2
Bio-catalysis of useful chemicals
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Corn Starch
Corn $2.00/bushel$0.04/lb
70% Starch
Starch $0.05/lb
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What is corn starch anyway?
Glucose polymer
Glucose
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Future product aims
Starch
Glucose
Lacticacid
Propionicacid
Acrylicacid
H+
Lactobacillus
Codexis
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Summary
Agriculturalproducts
EnzymeEvolution
CompetitiveChemical
Costs
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A glimpse of the future
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Grain ElevatorsBio-refineries
Biomass Monomers
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Supply to existing chemical infrastructure.
DowImperialOil
Sunoco
Nova
Lanxess
Ethyl
PetroCanada
Invista
Kosa
Monomers Polymers
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Automotive parts clusters
Polymers Cars
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We need to compete globally
We need to be innovative
We need to build on our strengths
We need to build our own value chains
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How do we make this happen?
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An opportunity exists
$0.00
$0.10
$0.20
$0.30
$0.40
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
$/lb
Oil
Corn
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AutomotiveAssembly
AutomotiveParts
To lead we must be able to innovate.
Petroleum
IntermediateChemicals
Polymers
Plastics
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AutomotiveAssembly
AutomotiveParts
The driver is reduced cost and increased value
Biomass
IntermediateChemicals
Polymers
Plastics
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We need to work together
AutomotiveIndustry
Agriculture
EnzymeChemistry
Process Engineers
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Thank you