bio gas-panched for gvt.final

P a g e | 0

REPORT ON

Techno – Economic feasibility study of large Bio En ergy Project for Developing Framework on Carbon Management in Villag e Panched of District Ratlam

2010

SUMAN BISWAS

NIRD ,PGDRDM

2/23/2010

SUBMITED BY Field G uide: Yogesh Gupta , GVT

STUDY DURATION- 25th January 2010 to 24 th February 2010

P a g e | 1

INDEX

SI Topic Sub-Topic Page No 1 List of Table 3 2 List of Figure 3 3 List of chart 3 4 Executive Summery 4 5 Introduction 1 Objective Of The Project 5

2 Project Components At A Glance 5 3 Operational Strategies 6 6 Rational And Importance Of The Assignment 8 7 Methodology 9 8 Beneficiary And Stakeholder Analysis 12 9 Way Forward A. Back Ground 1 General Idea About The Village 12

2 Economy 14 3 Water Resource 14 4 Current Energy Source 15 5 Agriculture Activities And Products 15 6 Fertilizer Utilization 16 7 Organic Farming 16 8 Livestock System 16 B. Biogas In Panched 1 History 18 2 Existing Technology 19

10 Feasibility Analysis A. Technical Feasibility

1 Average Monthly Energy(Electricity) Demand And Supply

22

2 Domestic Energy Consumption Per Month 23 3 Gap Between Demand And Supply Of The

Electricity 23

4 Commercial Energy Supply 23 5 Energy Supply For Agriculture 23 B Result And Discussion 1 Raw Material ( Cow Dung , Waste Materials, Crop

Residue) 24

2 Total Biogas Production From The Dung And Others Residues

24

3 Total Biogas Production Per Month 25 4 Replace Amount Of Biogas For Others Energy

Source 25

5 Production Of Manure 25 6 Household Appliances 25

P a g e | 2

10 Feasibility Analysis C Financial And Economical Feasibility Analysis 26 D Social, Environmental And Political Feasibility

Analysis

1 Knowledge On And Experience With Biogas Plant 26 2 Involvement In Other Running Project 27 3 Acceptance Of Biogas 27

11 Social And Environmental Risk 27 12 Benefit Expected From Biogas Plant 28 13 Carbon Management And Biogas Plant 1 Sources Of Green House Gasses Emission 28 2 Management Of This Greenhouse Gases/Carbon 28 14 Location And Area Of The Plant 29 15. conclusion 29 16 Key Learning 29 17 Box Case-1,2,3 31 17 Annexure I Action Plan 33-34 II Name of the official meet 34 III Name of the villagers meet 35 IV Caloric value of some commonly use fuels 35 V Equivalent quantities to 1 m3 of Bio-gas 35

P a g e | 3

1. List of the Table

Table No Contain of the table Page 1 Stake Holder Analysis 14 2 Demography of the Panched Village 14-15 3 Institute of the Village 15 4 Market structure 15 5 Fertilizer use per annum 18 6 Livestock population 18 7 Composition of biogas 23 8 Electricity demand of different groups for domestic use 24 9 Electricity supply in different groups for domestic use 24 10 Total domestic energy consumption per month by the villagers 25 11 Commercial energy supply 25 12 Total dung production 26 13 Total biogas production from dung 26 14 Biogas produce from others crop residues 26 15 Replace amount of biogas for others energy source 27 16 Global worming potential of gasses 30

2. List of Figure:

Figure no Figure Title Page 1 Biogas plant picture 20 2 Procedure of biogas production 22 3 Gassifer plant 23 4 Figure of some traditional source of energy. 32

3. List of Chart:

Chart No Chart title Page 1 Avg. income / month/ household 16 2 Different income group 16 3 Energy consumption for cooking/ household 17

P a g e | 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Panched is a large village of Ratlam district. Its total population is about 5000.power cut is a chronic problem of this village like other village of MP. Most of the people are agricultural farmers. The economical condition of the village is very good. GVT is going to establish a large community biogas plant in this village. In this report I tried to find out Techno-economical, institutional and social feasibility analysis of this plant. Total no of cattle population of the village is about 1800 and 12kg dung can be collected per day from per animal. Farmer of the village mainly uses chemical fertilizer in their Agri-field. Villagers use cow-dung cake (kunde) and wood for cooking. This village has the potency to produce bio-energy in such a scale that can solve their electricity problem. This biogas can reduce the greenhouse gas emission and help in carbon sink into the soil. The villagers have the knowledge about the biogas plant and they have interest about the biogas plant. The existing institutions are ready to help for the biogas plant. The village has potency of producing 60643.02 m3 biogas / month which can fulfill the demand of both fuel and electricity.

P a g e | 5

5. INTRODUCTION :

5.1. OBJECTIVES OF ASSIGNMENT:

a) To determine Technical, Social, Institutional and Economical barriers and way to overcome for successfully run of Bio-energy project in Panched village

b) To determine the various source of carbon emission in context to agriculture, livestock and forestry. c) To assess the potential of agriculture soil and carbon sink and livestock management for reducing the

emission of methane.

5.2. PROJECT COMPONENT AT A GLANCE:

Before going to discuss the assignment we have to understand some basic of the Bio-Energy project and carbon management. This is a community based biogas plant. Some components I described bellow-

Operational strategies of the biogas project:

Institutional arrangement:

Community bio-gas plant

Household

Trained Local Youth

Capacity building of the community by

Development of trained modules

Development of Bio-gas management

unit

At least 5kg cow dung/ other

waste from each household

Carried by Trained

local youth

Domestic fuel and house lighting

Use in Dairy chilling unit

Running water lifting device for

irrigation

Use for other commercial

purpose

Manure use as bio-fertilizer

Employment generation

Pollution due to co2 and methane

reduce

Supply of energy increase

G

a

s

S

u

p

p

l

y

B

a

ll

o

o

n

P a g e | 6

5.3. OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES:

(Reference: “Concept Note-Bio Energy Park” prepare by Universal School of Learning in Natural resource Management, NLRI-GVT, India)

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

1. A village based Renewable Energy Company would be registered under Producers Company Act 2002; 2. All the household would be given the share holding in the company; 3. The initial value of each share would be RS 100/-, the households may be allowed to purchase as many as

possible shares, however, a minimum of share numbers equals to the number of large ruminants available in the household would be mandatory;

4. The gas, power and manure would be sold, supplied or made available on full economic cost price plus 10-15% profit to the company;

5. The company would declare dividends based on the annual profit of the company and as decided by its Board of Directors (BoD);

6. Company would leverage government funds as well as seek finance from sources like nationalized and commercial banks on its gas, power and organic manure ventures;

7. Company would out source services for management and operation of its ventures, however, would guarantee paid assignments to local youths for jobs within their capabilities and skills;

8. Company would run a capacity building program with support from CIAE, Bhopal and GVT, Bhopal for at least 3 years in succession to impart trainings to local youths on all aspects of business of the Company.

9. The youth from within the village and outside would be registered for the trainings and should have to execute an agreement with the company to complete the training course and work for the company for a minimum of 3 years.

DUNG, DROPPINGS AND WASTE COLLECTION:

1. Each member household has to supply dung and dropping equals to number of livestock @ 5 kg per day besides, any quantity of waste usable and available with them;

2. The collection would done by the company representative on affixed time communicated to each household, the representative would weigh the dung, droppings and waste separately and issue the receipt duly mentioning the quantity and grade of the material to each household;

3. The grade of the material would be decided by the company with expert advice on the basis of constitution of the material, moisture content and other pertinent parameters;

4. The collection would be loaded on a hand or mechanically operated wheel barrow and could be carried to gas plant for segregation, mixing and feeding in to the plant as per production schedule;

5. Each shareholder household would be supplied gas, power and manure on full economic cost after adjusting their contribution of feedstock duly verifiable from the receipts issued by the collection representative;

6. The collection representatives would be contracted by the company on certain fixed terms and conditions of payment, supplies of the feedstock and other services needed by the company;

7. Local youth with some investment capacity to avail hand or power operated wheelbarrow, and other equipments required to furnish the job and flare for such works would be preferred and trained by the company with support from CIAE, Bhopal and GVT, Bhopal.

P a g e | 7

VALUE ADDITION:

1. The gas produced from the plant shall be sold to the share holder households on priority and after ascertaining a cost on the supply of gas, rest of the quota available as gas could further be sold in the market through a marketing network developed and managed by the company;

2. The gas quota fixed for the power generation would be supplied to the power plant and shall be converted to electric power which would be sold to the share holder household on certain fixed price per unit of supply;

3. The power would be used exclusively for following three purposes:

• Domestic use for the cooking and lighting purpose. • Use in dairy chilling unit • Use for water lifting pumps.

4. The cold storage and the processing unit would be either managed by the a community enterprise or a private entrepreneur, in either case the power would be sold on full economic cost with some benefit to the power company;

5. The slurry would be further enriched by adding rock phosphate, other micro nutrients, bone meal, fish meal, blood meal or anything available as cheap and organic source for raising the nutrient content of the slurry;

6. The enriched slurry would be sold as pallets or super granules by further processing, the processed slurry would be packed, branded and analyzed for its nutrient value to fetch higher market price;

7. The slurry would also be used as feedstock for producing vermin-compost within the village by any private entrepreneur or by a joint holding venture.

8. All necessary and statutory registrations to manage the enterprise of power generation and supply, organic manure production, packaging, formulation, storage and marketing under a unique brand shall be obtained from the concern authority;

SUPPLY OF GAS AS DOMESTIC FUEL AND HOUSE LIGHTING:

1. The gas for domestic fuel and lighting would be supplied in high quality, non inflammable, refillable HDPE balloons in 2 different sizes like 1 m3 and 2 m3;

2. Each consumer household would be given a registration number and shall have to deposit a fixed amount as security against the lose, misuse, damage or theft of the balloons;

3. The company would also provide the stove, pipes, regulator, lamps, consumables for domestic lighting if required any and other such devices to its users on full economic cost;

4. The gas would be charged at each refill appropriately to meet the cost of production and managing the expenses of enterprise;

5. The cost would be calculated on composite unit basis which includes the gas, power, manure and other business of the company;

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AT VILLAGE LEVEL:

1. The entire enterprise is highly labor intensive which includes both types of labors i.e. unskilled labor and skilled or highly skilled labors to manage and operate the technical and financial aspects of the enterprise;

2. The unskilled labor required for operations like dung, dropping and waste collection, mixing, feeding in to the gassifer, cleaning, watering, managing slurry, slurry enrichment process, other processing and

P a g e | 8

packaging operations would create ample opportunity for households with very small holding, landless who are otherwise dependent on other sources away from the village, women and other able bodied person unemployed due to a variety of reasons;

3. The semi-skilled labor required for operations like gas refilling, gas supply, handling the gas and power plant, organic manure enrichment process, vermin-compost process, would be very much available within the village;

4. The skilled labors for power plant, gas plant, manure processing and packaging unit, marketing of the company’ products like gas, power and manures of different grades, specifications, uses and managing the financial and other technical aspects of the company are to be initially outsourced and slowly local youth shall be trained by NLRI,GVT, Ratlam.

(This portion is taken from the “Concept Note-Bio energy park” prepare by Universal School of Learning in Natural resource Management, NLRI-GVT, India)

6. RATIONAL AND IMPORTANCE OF THIS ASSIGNMENT:

Renewable in India presently contribute about 5,700 mw, which represents about five per cent of the total installed power generating capacity from all non-conventional sources however potential of power generation from renewable sources is more than 1 Lakh megawatt. In India, still more than 20,000 villages are not electrified.

Panched is also one of them. Biogas technology is a particularly useful system in the Indian rural economy, and can fulfill several end uses. The gas is useful as a fuel substitute for firewood, dung, agricultural residues, petrol, diesel, and electricity, depending on the nature of the task, and local supply conditions and constraints (Lichtman,1983), thus supplying energy for cooking and lighting. Biogas systems also provide a residue organic waste, after anaerobic digestion that has superior nutrient qualities over the usual organic fertilizer, cattle dung, as it is in the form of ammonia (Sasse et al, 1991). Anaerobic digesters also function as a waste disposal system, and can, therefore, prevent potential sources of environmental contamination and the spread of pathogens (Lichtman, 1983). Panched village has rich livestock population and may produce good amount of cattle dung which can suffice the purpose of electricity generation. Recognizing the above concern and taking into consideration that no such good initiatives have been taken in such field so it is necessary to propose such type of action research study in Panched village of Ratlam district.

The project would provide integrated services through decentralized generation and distribution of electricity for catering to various end uses in village areas

This project would develop and promote “marketing of end use service package” such as irrigation facilities along with improved agriculture technology package coupled with development of skills of end users for minimal processing, cold store chain for value addition and to increase the household income. This would enhance the paying capacity of the rural households. The cost recovery models and mechanisms that would be developed by the project would offset investment risks perceived by the private sector, leading to financial sustainability and replication of the bio-energy packages developed by the project.

P a g e | 9

7. METHODOLOGY:

A. TOOLS

1. Transit work

2. Door to Door visit

3. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

4. Meeting with key member.

5. Meeting with Government official.

6. Graphical representation of the data

7. Statistical analysis

1. TRANSECT WORK

Transit work help me understanding the village natural resources and different capital like institutional capital, social capital and animal and human capital. It also help me to think how to move forewords and in repo building. I directly observe the village condition.

2. DOOR TO DOOR VISIT:

After first visit I divided the villagers into four groups according to their income. Then I meat with the panchyat secretary and discuss this matter. Then I door to door visited for collecting primary data. I visited 120 families of different groups. In door to door visit I asked some question like-

a) Name of the Head of the family. b) Source of the energy for cooking. c) How much kerosene they use in a month? d) How much they expense for kerosene? e) How many kg of Kunde(cow dung cake) they use per day? f) Cost of the kunde. g) If they use wood then where from they collect it? h) How much (unit) electricity they consume per month? i) How many hours electricity they get per day? j) Are they satisfied with the electricity supply? If not then how many hrs can give them satisfaction/need? k) How many agricultural land they have? l) Are they using bio-fertilizer for cultivation? m) Amount of chemical and bio-fertilizer they use per Bigha of land? n) How many cattle or other animals they have? o) Methods of rearing of the animals? p) How many kgs of dung they collected from each animal per day? q) Is they heard about the biogas plant? How?

P a g e | 10

r) Are they known about the present government programme running in the village? Are they involved with the programme? If yes then how?

s) Are they participated in biogas plant if biogas plant established there? t) Is biogas plant can solve their electricity problem?

Visit to agriculture field for getting information about use of Motor pump and chemical and bi-fertilizer use.

PURPOSE:

� Total energy use for cooking. � Types of materials use for the cooking. � Total electricity consumption per month. � Amount of chemical and bio-fertilizer they use. � Triangulation of the information getting from the official. � Their understanding about biogas plant. � Social

3. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD):

I made 4 focus group discussions in the village. Among these Two with the farmers in Fertilizer society and one in agriculture field and another in a shop. In every cases I present there as a fellow learner. From all these I tried to find primary data regarding the problem of electricity and how gobar gas plant can solve these. It also help me to get ideas about social, cultural and political acceptance of the biogas plant. These discussions also help me to understand the failure of earlier individual household biogas plant. From this discussion I understand that people are interest for large scale biogas plant. They people don’t have social and cultural barrio against biogas plant.

PURPOSE:

� Primary information collection. � Problem of electricity and how gobar gas plant can solve this problem. � Ideas about social, cultural and political acceptance of the biogas plant. � Understanding the failure of earlier individual household biogas plant. � View about large scale biogas plant.

4. MEETING WITH KEY MEMBER:

For the feasibility analysis I need information of the cattle holding family, whether they are want interest to get involved in the biogas plant or not. I got the primary data from them. Same question I asked here what I asked in door to door to visit.

PURPOSE:

� Primary information collection. � No of cattle hold by them. � Their view about the biogas plant. � What they are doing by the cow dung. � Cross check the secondary data collected from the panchyat office. � Knowledge about the organic farming. � View and awareness about the greenhouse gas and methods of generation of green house gas.

P a g e | 11

5. MEETING WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL:

Secondary data collection through the government records maintained in the offices of Panchyat, Pattoari, Diary farm, fertilizer society , animal husbandry ,agriculture farm etc

PURPOSES:

� Collection of secondary data. � Total population of the village, caste wise distribution. � Land distribution patterns of the village. � Total animal population in the village. � Total fertilizer use in the village. � Types of soil and atmosphere condition � Institutional interest for the biogas pant. � Government project and community response in the project.

6. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION:

Table, bar chart and pie chart is use for representation of the data.

7. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

For the calculation and analysis of the data we use simple MS Excel.

B. THE FOLLOWING STEPS HAVE BEEN FOLLOWED FOR ACCOM PLISH THE

ASSIGNMENT.

� Internal consultation meeting and inception workshop – Ii would organize at NLRI Ratlam to thorough

understanding of the assignment.

� Collection of primary information- visit the whole village area and interact with the community members

in group and individual through opting various participatory approaches to acquire the desired

information as per schedule.

� Collection from secondary information- from Gram Panchyat Block veterinary officer, fertilizer society,

dairy cooperative.

� Reconnaissance survey- It will do to get the information from sample size on techno, socio, institutional

and economic feasibility of the Bio energy project.

� Desk research - A systematic and focused desk research and internet assisted search for relevant

documents, reports reviews, appraisals, evaluations of the previous such projects and research notes will

carried out to review of national, regional and local experiences in preparing such report.

� Processing and analysis: All the collected information from both primary and secondary sources, desk

reviews and research notes will analyzed and calibrated.

� Develop the Draft report

� Presentation of report

P a g e | 12

� Finalize the draft report

8. BENEFICIARY ANALYSIS:

The main beneficiaries of this project will be the poor women in the village who has to travel a long distance daily to get fire wood’s and carry those heavy loads back home. The poor households will have cheap and efficient source of fuel for cooking. Biogas is a clean fuel so there will be less production of harmful gases. So it will prevent various respiratory diseases like bronchitis, asthma etc. The other beneficiaries will be the farmers in the village. They will be able to irrigate there paddy fields using the motor pumps run by biogas fuel. It will also provide bio fertilizers for the crop. Village dairy farm also gets benefited from this biogas plant most. They can replace their generator /diesel by the bio-energy for chilling unit. The farmers also get bio-fertilizer as with more nutritious in the form of palate. This will help both in production and soil fertility also increase. It rejuvenates the soil. Carbon sinks into soil which helps in balance of carbon in environment.

STAKE HOLDER ANALYSIS:

Institutional stakeholder

Primary stakeholder Secondary stakeholder

a. GVT b. NABARD c. Dairy Farm d. Village Panchyat e. Animal husbandry Dept. f. Fertilizer society

a. Cattle holding household

b. All the villagers ( animal holding + non holding)

c. Nearby villagers d. Agricultural farmers e. Local educated youth

Table -1

9. WAY FORWARD

9. A. BACK GROUND:

9. A.1. GENERAL IDEA ABOUT THE VILLAGE :( source -P anchyat office and 120 family survey)

Panched village at a glance:

Distance from the District town- 18Km (Ratlam to Panched)

DEMOGRAPHY OF THE VILLAGE:

Total population 4,486

Sex wise distribution:

Male 2320 Female 2216

Caste wise Distribution ST Sc OBC Others

P a g e | 13

Table -2.(Note: a)Marginal farmer: 1.0-2.5 acres, b) Small farmer: 2.5-5.0 acres, c) Medium farmers 5-10 acres, d)Large farmers : above 10 acres, ) INSTITUTE:

School (Government-3 Private-2)

5

Primary 1 Middle school 3(1- Govt, 2- Private) Secondary school 1

Post office 1

Dairy Co-operative 1

Fertilizer society 1

Veterinary hospital 1

Agriculture farm 1

anganbari 4

PHC 1

Table -3

MARKET STRUCTURE:

SI No Types of shop Number 1 Tea shop 10 2 Barber 5 3 Mobile shop 2 4 Ration Diller 1 5 Wood shop 5 6 Pottery 10 7 Tailoring shop 5 8 Bike repairing 2 9 Cycle repairing 3 10 Grocery shop 6 11 Society shop( Fertilizer) 1 12 Dairy co-operative 1

Total 51 Table-4

Total house hold 778

Caste wise Distribution ST household 15 SC household 370 OBC household 339 Others 150 Classification of Household According to Land holding

Landless Labour Household 15 Marginal 200 Small 150 Medium 400 Large 13

9. A.2. ECONOMY:

This is a well developed village of Ratlam district. Most of the people dland. For this reason their economic condition is somehow good for their livelihood. Average income of the poor family is about 4000- 5000 per month and medium family gas income of about 15,000 per month and rich family has about 30000 per month. About 70 people migrated to Gujarat or nearby town like Ratlam for service. Eighth out of them are police, seven are teachers and rest are work in private sector. There are fifteen marginal landless farmers whose monthly income is 2000. They are basically daily wage agriculture labor.

About 15 families are marginal or we can say very poor family. They are agriculture labourer. Near about 50 % family are poor they have small number of land .They cultivate in their land and also work as a daily wage agriculture labour. They also take land for cultivation as lease. Some of them also migrate to nearby town Ratlam and also nearby state like Gujarat. They don’t have cattle except few families. Some of the family have goat.

There are 400 family of medium income group. Each of these families has 15service holder. 15 families are large farmer. Th

9. A.3. WATER RECOURSE:

The volume of available water resources is strongly influenced by the natural and geographical situation of the village. Insufficient rain fall and capacity of sinking of water in the earth is the threat for the water scarcity, Open water source is about to nil, one talabrainy season. The cultivation depends on ground water, irrigation and domestic use. However, during the dry season, many of these well become dry, due to the frequent water withdrawal and high evaporation. Ground water level is about 400have to take consideration of water resource for this biogas plant because water have to mix with cow dung or waste materials at the 1:1 ratio for digestion purpose.

is a well developed village of Ratlam district. Most of the people depends on agriculture and have their own land. For this reason their economic condition is somehow good for their livelihood. Average income of the

5000 per month and medium family gas income of about 15,000 per month

mily has about 30000 per month. About 70 people migrated to Gujarat or nearby town like Ratlam

service. Eighth out of them are police, seven are teachers and rest

There are fifteen marginal landless farmers

ome is 2000. They are basically daily wage agriculture

are marginal or we can say very poor family. They are agriculture labourer. Near about 50

poor they have small number of land .They cultivate in their land and also work as a daily wage agriculture labour. They also take land for cultivation as lease. Some of them also migrate to nearby town Ratlam and also nearby state

have cattle except few families. Some of the

of medium income group. Each of these families has 15-20 Bigha land. Some of them are service holder. 15 families are large farmer. They come under non-poor family.

volume of available water resources is strongly influenced by the natural and geographical situation of the village. Insufficient rain fall and capacity of sinking of water in the earth is the threat for the water scarcity, Open

nil, one talab is there but it remains dry throughout the yearn depends on ground water, - well and tube well is the only way of getting water for

irrigation and domestic use. However, during the dry season, many of these well become dry, due to the frequent water withdrawal and high evaporation. Ground water level is about 400-600 ft, some time it is about 1000ft.

er resource for this biogas plant because water have to mix with cow dung or waste materials at the 1:1 ratio for digestion purpose.

30000

15000

4500

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

Non-Poor medium poor

Avg Income/Month/ household

Avg Income/Month/ householdChart-1

2%

45%51%

2%

Different Income Group

Marginal income Poor Medium

Chart-2

SOURCE-

AND SURVEY OF 120 FAMILIES

P a g e | 14

epends on agriculture and have their own

20 Bigha land. Some of them are

volume of available water resources is strongly influenced by the natural and geographical situation of the village. Insufficient rain fall and capacity of sinking of water in the earth is the threat for the water scarcity, Open

dry throughout the year except 1-2 month during the only way of getting water for

irrigation and domestic use. However, during the dry season, many of these well become dry, due to the frequent some time it is about 1000ft.we

er resource for this biogas plant because water have to mix with cow dung or

4500 2000

poor Marginal

Family



Different Income Group

Medium Non-Poor

PANCHYAT OFFICE

AND SURVEY OF 120 FAMILIES

9. A.4. CURRENT ENERGY SOURCE (EXCEPT ELECTRICITY):

Wood and kunde is available energy source for cooking .and they collected from their filed or from road side. Cattle population of the village is in large nkunde is very cheap (Rs 1 / kunde). They get kerosene from PDS. LPG cylinder use by the rich and mediu(income) family. Poor and medium income family mainly use kunde and wood and dry leaf.

9. A.5. AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS:

Panched village has 6200 acre land under agricultural cultivation. Two types of crop is thereSoybean , Gram and wheat are the most prefer cultivated agridepends on rainfall. Arhar, Isabagol , Musoor , luccrops. For the cultivation they mainly use chemical fertilizer and use 2-troli manure for one bigha landharvesting. One agricultural farm is there they help farmer by knowledge sharing about the new technology and soil condition. Villagers use mustard crop residue as energy source for cooking.

9. A.6. FERTILIZER UTILIZATION:

Kerosin( in lit)/month

wood/leaf in kg/day

Cow dung(Kunde)in kg/day

LPG cylinder( number)/month

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Am

ou

nt

con

sum

e

Energy consumtion for cooking / household

Chart-3

. CURRENT ENERGY SOURCE (EXCEPT ELECTRICITY):

Wood and kunde is available energy source for cooking .and during power cut they use kerosene. Wood and leaf they collected from their filed or from road side. Cattle population of the village is in large n

very cheap (Rs 1 / kunde). They get kerosene from PDS. LPG cylinder use by the rich and mediu(income) family. Poor and medium income family mainly use kunde and wood and dry leaf.

. AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS:

Panched village has 6200 acre land under agricultural cultivation. Two types of crop is thereand wheat are the most prefer cultivated agricultural crop. Cultivation and production mainly

rainfall. Arhar, Isabagol , Musoor , lucern , Moong ,Urd , Mustard and cotton are others agricultural . For the cultivation they mainly use chemical fertilizer and manure. They prefer chemical fertilizer. They troli manure for one bigha land. They are use modern agricultural technology for their cultivation and

harvesting. One agricultural farm is there they help farmer by knowledge sharing about the new technology and Villagers use mustard crop residue as energy source for cooking.

. FERTILIZER UTILIZATION:

SOURCE- SURVEY OF 120 FAMILIES

Poor Medium

5 3

6 5

4 3.5

0 0.5


P a g e | 15

er cut they use kerosene. Wood and leaf they collected from their filed or from road side. Cattle population of the village is in large number that’s why

very cheap (Rs 1 / kunde). They get kerosene from PDS. LPG cylinder use by the rich and medium (income) family. Poor and medium income family mainly use kunde and wood and dry leaf.

Panched village has 6200 acre land under agricultural cultivation. Two types of crop is there- Kharif and Rabi. cultural crop. Cultivation and production mainly

, Moong ,Urd , Mustard and cotton are others agricultural prefer chemical fertilizer. They

. They are use modern agricultural technology for their cultivation and harvesting. One agricultural farm is there they help farmer by knowledge sharing about the new technology and

Non-poor/Rich

3

2

1

1


P a g e | 16

The farmer prefers chemical fertilizer for cultivation. They have a fertilizer society, this also work as a bank. The farmers only procure fertilizer from this society. I collected the data regarding total fertilizer use by the village from this society and from interviewing 10 farmers.

Use of Fertilizers and Manure in the village/ annum:

SI NO Name of fertilizer Kharif + Rabi ( ton/annum)

1 Urea 150

2 NPK( IFFCO) 12:32:16

50

3 Superphosphate 50

4 DAP( D -ammonium bi-phosphate) 150

5 Potash 25

Table-5

Exact data regarding the manure use is not getting from the village. But I got information about how much they use per Bigha of land. The big and marginal farmer who have cattle or buffalo use manure – 2 troli per Bigha land.

9. A.7. ORGANIC FARMING:

Organic farming is not seen in panched village. Though they are use manure but they are not doing organic farming. They don’t have idea about organic farming. When I describe about the organic farming they show interest and also told that if certification can done and they get market they can go for organic farming.

9. A.8. LIVESTOCK SYSTEM:

Livestock population:

SI No Livestock Head count

1 Cattle + Buffalo(1000) 1767

1. Breedable 1040 2. Non breed able 600

2 Goat 100

3 Donkey 10

4 Horse 1

Table-6

Chart-4

Chart-5

Cattle +

Buffalo(1000)

Head count 1767

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

no

of

An

ima

ls

Head count of the animals

130

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 to 2 cattle 2 to 5 cattle

No of family holding this animals

Source: Animal Husbandry Dept. and Survey of 120 families.

Goat Donkey

100 10

Head count of the animals

160

75

6

2 to 5 cattle 5 to 10 cattle More than 10 cattel

No of family holding this animals

Source: Animal Husbandry Dept. and Survey of 120 families.

P a g e | 17

Horse

1

More than 10 cattel

No of family

P a g e | 18

9. B. BIO-GAS IN PANCHED:

9. B.1. HISTORY

Concept of biogas plant is not new for this village. In the year 1984 under the leadership of Collector of that time Mr. Bhagabat Prasad, 56 gobar gas plant established in this village.85 % of the cost bear by the MP govt. and rest 15% by the individual beneficiary family. People show interest at the beginning but 3-4 years latter they lost their interest of mixing gobar with the water. Due to inefficient monitoring and awareness biogas plant was not working at that time. But people have interest for the biogas plant.

Fig-1

An EXISTING BIOGAS PLANT IN THE VILLAGE

INLET DIGESTOR

OUTLET

P a g e | 19

9. B.2. EXISTING TECHNOLOGY AND MECHANISM OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION:

Biogas can be obtained from any organic materials after anaerobic Fermentation by three main phases. Mechanism of bio-gas fermentation a) Group of Biogas microbes-

b) Groups of microbes involved in the 3 stages of biogas fermentation-

Biogas microbes

(bacteria)

Non methane

producing

Methane

producing

Fermentative bacteria Hydrogen producing

acetogenic bacteria

Hydrogen & Ferments organic substance

Cellulose decomposing bacteria Protein decomposing

bacteria

Fat decomposing

bacteria

Saccharides Amino acids

Fatty acids

Volatile acids, H2 & CO2

1st

stage: Fermentative bacteria-

2ND

STAGE: HYDROGEN PRODUCING ACETOGENIC BACTERIA-

Decompose the substances

produced in 1st

stage Acetic acid, H2 ,

CO2

PROCEDURE OF BIOGAS:

Fig-2

3RD

Convert the Substances produced

in 1st & 2nd stage

Note: This information have been collected from the booklets & research materials of Biogas Training Center (BRC) Chendu, Sichuan, Chaina.

STAGE: METHANE PRODUCING BACTERIA

CH

Note: This information have been collected from the booklets & research materials of Biogas Training Center (BRC)

P a g e | 20

CH4 & CO2

Note: This information have been collected from the booklets & research materials of Biogas Training Center (BRC)

CONSTITUENTS: The gas thus produced by the above process in a bioimpurities. A typical composition of such gas obtained from the process is as follows:

Substances

Methane

Carbon Dioxide

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Water vapor

Hydrogen Sulphide

Table-7 ;Source: Yadav and Hesse

The calorific value of methane is 8400 kcal/ m3 and that of the above mixture is about 4713 Kcal/ m3.the bio-gas gives a useful heat of 3000 kcal/m3. If similar heat values are to be obtained from other sources of fuel, the equivalent quantities of thosequantity which is so important but while bio

The gas thus produced by the above process in a bio-gas plant does not contain pure methane and has several impurities. A typical composition of such gas obtained from the process is as follows:

Composition of biogas

Symbol Percentage

CH4 50 - 70

CO2 30 - 40

H2 5 - 10

N2 1 - 2

H2O 0.3

H2S Traces

The calorific value of methane is 8400 kcal/ m3 and that of the above mixture is about 4713 Kcal/ m3.gas gives a useful heat of 3000 kcal/m3. If similar heat values are to be obtained from other sources of

of those fuel have to be substantial as may be seen from Annexureis so important but while bio-gas is renewable, others are not.

P a g e | 21

gas plant does not contain pure methane and has several impurities. A typical composition of such gas obtained from the process is as follows:

Percentage

70

40

The calorific value of methane is 8400 kcal/ m3 and that of the above mixture is about 4713 Kcal/ m3. However, gas gives a useful heat of 3000 kcal/m3. If similar heat values are to be obtained from other sources of

as may be seen from Annexure-IV. It is not the

Fig-3

10. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS:

10.A. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

10.A.1. AVERAGE MONTHLY

Electricity supply of the village is less than the demand. They only get electricity for 2time and 3 hrs in the evening for the domestic use. So there is a huge gap between demand supplies. Biogas plant can full fill this gap.belonging to different groups. Electricity demand in difference groupsFamily types Poor Medium Rich/large farmer Table-8 Electricity supply in different groups of family for domestic use: Family type Poor Medium Large/ rich (Source: family survey –door to door and FGD in tea shop and coTable-9

Chart-6 (source of information door to door survey; sample size 120 family)

110

56

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Poor

elc

etr

icit

y (

in

un

it)

Electricity Demand and Supply/

. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS:

A. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

AVERAGE MONTHLY ENERGY (ELECTRICITY) DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Electricity supply of the village is less than the demand. They only get electricity for 2time and 3 hrs in the evening for the domestic use. So there is a huge gap between demand supplies.

plant can full fill this gap. For determine electricity demand we use data collected from 120 family belonging to different groups.

Electricity demand in difference groups for domestic use: Unit demand per month110 130 150

Electricity supply in different groups of family for domestic use:

Unit use per month 56 85 125

door to door and FGD in tea shop and co-operative, Sample

(source of information door to door survey; sample size 120 family)

130150

56

85

125

Medium Rich/ Non-

Types of family


Household/Month

P a g e | 22

DEMAND AND SUPPLY :

Electricity supply of the village is less than the demand. They only get electricity for 2-3 hrs in the day time and 3 hrs in the evening for the domestic use. So there is a huge gap between demand supplies.

For determine electricity demand we use data collected from 120 family

per month

, Sample Size-120 family)

125

-poor


Demand

Supply

P a g e | 23

10.A.2. DOMESTIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER MONTH:

Sources of Energy Diff. Group of family

Avg. Energy use per household/month

Total quantity /Month(in the village)

Cow Dung(Kunde in kg)

Poor 120 43560 86010 Medium 105 42000

Non-poor/Rich 30 450 Wood ( in kg) Poor 180 65700 126600

Medium 150 60000 Rich 60 900

Kerosene( in lit) Poor 5 1825 3070 Medium 3 1200

Rich 3 45 LPG cylinder (in number)

Poor 0 0 215 Medium 0.5 200

Rich 1 15 Electricity ( unit) Poor 56 20440 56315

Medium 85 34000 Large 125 1875

Table-10

10.A.3. GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF THE ELECTRICITY:

Electricity demand in the village per month =94400 units

Electricity supply in the village per month =56315 units

Gap = (94400-56315) unit= 38085 units

10.A.4. COMMERCIAL ENERGY SUPPLY:

Panched village has 40 commercial users of electricity and diesel. Most of them are use 1 -2 bulbs. But maximum electricity and diesel user is dairy farm. The dairy unit use generator for bulk chilling. About 14o lit diesels they consume per month.

User Electricity( unit) Consumption/ month

Diesel/ Month

Dairy farm 480 140 lit Fertilizer society 140 Nil Others 1680 Nil Total 2300 140 Table-11( Individual survey)

10.A.5. ENERGY SUPPLY FOR AGRICULTURE:

There are 235 pump set in the village. They use 4 HP and 5 HP pump. The electric bill is same for the entire user -Rs 350 for 4HP and 500 for 5HP. That’s why total unit use per month is not available. They use pump in the

P a g e | 24

season 2 hr per day. Normally for getting drinking water the use pump 2 hrs per day. There are 35 tractor in the village .

10.B. RESULAT AND DISCUSSION:

10.B.1. RAW MATERIAL (COW DUNG, WASTE MATERIALS, CR OP RESIDUE):

Total dung production (In winter season):

Table-12 ( Data collected from door to door survey and AHD)

In the rainy season the availability of the dung is little bit less due to wastage due to rain. Though quantity of the dung given by animal is more in the rainy season because of availability of green fodder and more water intake.

10.B.2. TOTAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM THE DUNG:

BIOGAS PRODUCE FROM OTHERS CROP RESIDUES:

Sr. No.

Living Beings Quantity of Dung / Night Soil produced (kg/day)

Total dung produced/Day

1. Cow, Bullock 12.0 9204 2 Buffalo 15.0 15000

3 Horse 14.0 14 4 Goats 1.0 100 5 Donkey 3.0 30

Animal Bio-Gas/Kg Dung

Total Dung Produced in Kg/ Day

Total Bio Gas From The Dung/day(m3}

Cattle (cows and buffaloes)

0.023 - 0.040 (9204+15000)=24204 762.426

Goat 0.040 - 0.059 100 4.95

Donkey 0.065 - 0.116 30 2.715

Horse 0.020 - 0.028 14 0.336

Total 770.427

Table-13:Source: Updated Guidebook on Biogas Development, 1984

Materials Available /day /animal( kg)

Dry mater contain (%)

Gas/kg total solid(m3) total

Dry wheat straw 2 82 0.432 1250.467 Dry leaves 1 80 0..450 0.54

P a g e | 25

Table-14 10.B.3.TOTAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION PER MONTH:

(BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM DUNG + OTHER CROP RESIDUES)*30 days

(770.427+1251.007)*30

60643.02m3/month

10.B.4. REPLACE AMOUNT OF BIOGAS FOR OTHERS ENERGY SOURCE:

Table-15(Reference: ANNEXURE- V/ Note- 1 unit =1 KWh) The calorific values or heat values indicate that bio-gas can perform works similar to fossil oil in domestic cooking, lighting etc., with better efficiency depending upon the methane content in it. The bio-gas has also the potential for use in internal combustion engines used for pumping water etc. The replace amount of the biogas shows that the biogas unit will have capacity to fulfill the demand of the energy and electricity. So it is technically feasible.

10.B.5. PRODUCTION OF MANURE:

1 kg of fresh dung gives 0.2 kg of dry dung. 1 ton of fresh dung gives 240 kg of manure. So 24334 kg of fresh dung produce 5840.16 kg of manure per day. If the biogas unit established then they will get bio-fertilizer as pallet form which is nutritious and less harmful for the soil and other life species. And cost of these fertilizers will be less than the chemical fertilizer. These may be varies in two different seasons – winter and rainy but If proper collection and cattle rearing can practice then these variation will be less. In the rainy season due to wet condition and wastage due to rain cow dung loss is there.

10. B.6. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES: The villagers use electricity for lighting and water up-liftmen purpose. The appliances they use are tube light, fan, bulb and TV. Some family have gizzard for water heating. Inverters are use by 10 to 12 family.5 W and 15 W CFL light also there. Computer, printer other appliances are used by few family.

Total 1251.007

Name of the fuel Amount use Replace amount of Bio-gas(m3)

Electricity ( unit)( domestic and commercial)

56315 + 2300 12476.565

Cow dung cakes( kg) 86010 6994.95

Kerosene ( lit) 3070 4951.61

Woods ( kg) 126600

36442.141

P a g e | 26

10.C. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSI S:

Financial and economical feasibility consists of both analysis of cost of pant and day to management expenditure and also others external benefit analysis in terms of cost. Cost of the biogas plant is very less due to government subsidy for renewable energy source. Per unit cost of energy or electricity produce by biogas plant is less than the conventional energy source and electricity. More ever fossil fuel like kerosene, diesel and charcoal are now very costly both in money terms and in availability. For this reasons here I discuss other possible external benefits such as-

� Improvements in the physical quality of life as a result of a wider range of energy supply. � Improvement of soil fertility and food security. � Improvements in the local economic structure by making a group of expert of biogas plant. � Reduction in environmental pollution esp. ground water pollution and GHG-emissions. � Creation of employment opportunities in the village. � Improvement in the trade balance through the substitution of imported energy sources. � Long-term training effects. � Reduction in desertification. � Wastage of cow dung reduces. � Wastage of the co2 and CH4 from cow dung reduces which give a economical benefit to the farmers. � As the cattle population of the village is large in number that’s why transportation cost of dung to the

project side will be less. � Supply of the gas to the household is by balloon which is not so costly and supply cost also very less. � Biogas produce from cow dung in a natural fermentation method that’s way materials cost almost nil.

10. D. SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLITICAL FEASIBIL ITY ANALYSIS:

The implementation of the biogas plant must take into account the underlying socio-cultural, political condition. The realization of the sociologically and ecologically beneficial biogas plant heavily realize on social and political acceptance. Benefit of biogas as well major obstacle of the project depends on complex relationship between diff social organization, environmental problem and political intention. For analysis this we meet with different group of class, caste and institution discuss with them tried to understand the class structure and their relationship. Also analyses the other running project in the village and find how people engage in these project.

10. D.1. KNOWLEDGE ON AND EXPERIENCE WITH BIOGAS PL ANT:

Most of the villagers are aware about the biogas plant as 15-20 individual biogas plant present in the village. They are aware about the benefit and technique of the biogas plant. But peoples are not interested for doing individual biogas plant because it is costly than the existing energy source. People also loss interest for mixing of the waste materials/ dung with water due to insufficient time and non involvement of the women. People are interested for the single large community biogas plant. They are ready to accept if such community plant established. They ager to participate in the biogas plant. local institution like veterinary hospital , school, agriculture farm and dairy cooperative people have the theoretical and sometime practical knowledge about the biogas plant . Their knowledge can be used for this project.

P a g e | 27

10. D.2. INVOLVEMENT IN OTHER RUNNING PROJECT:

SGSY, IAY, Antodhya Yojona and other pension scheme are running in this village. People are not aware about the government programme. NREGA is not successful in the village because of its lower wage rate than the local area. Most of the people don’t know about the SGSY. We could not find any self help group in the village. But these don’t indicate that they don’t have capacity to work together. Fertilizer society and dairy co-operative show that they can run society or community plant cooperatively.

10.D.3. ACCEPTANCE OF BIOGAS:

As biogas system is known by the villager, we have faced fewer hurdles to understand their feelings about the biogas plant. I made a set of question for interview of the villagers for analysis of acceptance of biogas plant.

• His/her own experience with the biogas plant.

• His/her personal opinion about the biogas plant.

• If govt. set up a biogas unit then do they supply their cow dung / waste material to the plant?

• Can the biogas plant able to reduce the electricity problem?

• His/her judgment if this biogas plant could be accepted by them in social and cultural aspect.

I asked these questions to about 120 families of different categories. Most of the family gives positive feedback. Around 115 families say that they are known about the biogas plant and if government establishes biogas plant they will involve themselves. They said that biogas plant can reduce the electricity problem. They also answer that they don’t have any cultural and social problem regarding biogas plant. The family those don’t have animals in their family they also reply that they can buy biogas for cooking and electricity if it is given in cheap price. But 5-6 family belong to Muslim family said that these cannot give benefit to them because they don’t have cattle and they are getting wood and leaves freely from the field and road side.

11. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK:

Social risks could be related to difference in cattle holding and biogas supply or dung supply family first. Men are in most cases the decision maker of the household involvement in any programme. But biogas energy use for cooking and lighting will firstly affect women: they will have to change their cooking habits and work rhythm. Collecting firewood is –like fetching water - not only a burden, but also a social activity which brings women together. When introducing biogas in village, this time-out could be missed by the involved women, if there will be no social substitution for.

As the biogas digester has to be constructed in a water and gas tight manner in order to meet operational requirements, environmental risks for groundwater and air contamination should not exist. In case of inappropriate gas use or filling techniques, they are significantly reduced compared to pit latrines, septic tanks, leaking compost pits or open air disposal of any organic waste. Environmental risks could be related to methane losses due to insufficient gas use by the household. Since methane is an approximately 20 times stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, the methane losses should be kept low by enhancing the total biogas use for cooking and lighting. The methane losses are also negative for the plant economy.

P a g e | 28

12. BENEFIT EXPECTED FROM BIOGAS PLANT:

Biogas plant give 24*7 hrs electricity supply and energy in the Panched.Apart from the direct benefits gleaned from biogas systems, there are other, perhaps less tangible benefits associated with this renewable technology. By providing an alternative source of fuel, biogas can replace the traditional biomass based fuels, notably wood. Introduced on a significant scale, biogas may reduce the dependence on wood from forests, and create a vacuum in the market, at least for firewood. A clean and particulate-free source of energy also reduces the likelihood of chronic diseases that are associated with the indoor combustion of biomass-based fuels, such as respiratory infections, ailments of the lungs; bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, and increased severity of coronary artery disease (Banerjee, 1996). Benefits can also be scaled up, when the potential environmental impacts are also taken into account; significant reductions in emissions associated with the combustion of biofuels, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), total suspended particles (TSP's), and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), are possible with the large-scale introduction of biogas technology

13. CARBON MANAGEMENT AND BIOGAS PLANT:

13.1. SOURCES OF GREEN HOUSE GASSES EMISSION:

The villager use cow dung cake( Kunde). Woods , LPG, and kerosine .Burning of cow dung and wood for cooking purpose emitted greenhouse gas. Fossil fuel is the great emissor of the greenhouse gas. Kerosines, charcoal are such types of fossil fuel. Diesel also great emissor of the greenhouse gas. However, crop-increasing value of animal feaces has been recognized but more than 50 % of the cattle dung produced in the village either burn or remain unmanaged. The cow dung plays a major role in producing the methane gas in the environment, which is a green house gas. Another source of greenhouse gas is chemical fertilizer which emitted both carbon-di-oxide and ammonia.LPG gas also a source of greenhouse gas.

GLOBAL WORMING POTENTIAL OF GASSES

Greenhouse gases Global Warming Potential

Carbon-di-oxide 1

Methane 21

Nitrous oxide 310

Hydroflourocarbons 140-11,700

Perflourocarbons 7,000-9,200

Table-16(Source: Humbad et al. / EEST Part A: Energy Science and Research)

13.2. MANAGEMENT OF THIS GREENHOUSE GASES/CARBON:

Biogas plant can solve this problem of greenhouse gas. By this we can use the methane and CO2 for energy source. Better management practice can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn provide extra income through the sale of carbon credits. In the traditional methods cow dung is turn that’s why carbon is not return to

P a g e | 29

the soil. In the same way chemical fertilizer also depleted the carbon contain of the soil. So biogas plant is the only way to give back the carbon to the soil in the form of bio-fertilizer.

14. LOCATION AND AREA OF THE PLANT:

The following points should be kept in mind when deciding on a site for biogas plant construction. a. For proper functioning of the plant, the right temperature has to be maintained in the digester: a sunny

site is recommended. b. To make plant operation easy and to avoid wastage of raw material especially dung, the plant must be

as close as possible to the stable and urine / waste water storage or source. c. The foundation of the plant should be at least two meters away from the house or any other building to

avoid risk of damages. d. Even as the construction is intended to be water tight, the plant should be at least 10 meters away from

the well or any surface water sources to avoid water pollution. Such types of location can easily get in the panched village. Atmospheres temperature is very suitable for the biogas plant. And soil is not wet, it is hard and compact so water leakage and gas contamination can be easily prevented.

15. CONCLUSION:

Bio-energy has the potency to produce fuel and electrical energy without emitting harmful agent to the environment. Panched village has huge number of cattle population so it is easy to produce the fuel and electricity. Electricity problem is the gigantic problem in this village. So by this large scale biogas plan village can be self sufficient in electricity. Panched village has potency to produce energy more than 50% of their demand. This biogas plant not only economically profitable it also has capacity to bring a pollutant free environment. Now a day due to scarcity of the fossils fuel its price is increasing day by day. So to save the fossil fuel and gift the next generation a pollutant free, clean environment we should go for renewable energy source-biogas is one of the most economically, technically and socially acceptable plant. Bio-fertilizer produce as end product of biogas plant is very much nutritious. By increasing the utilization of the bio-fertilizer carbon sinking into soil can be maintained. In a sentence I can say that “COOL ENERGY + COOL FUEL = COOL PLANET” 16. KEY LEARNING:

For the last month I worked under GVT in Panched village. I am assigning an assignment namely techno—economical, institutional, social feasibility analysis and carbon management of large bio-gas energy plant. For this I visited Panched village number of times. From this project I have learned about biogas plant and also complexity of rural society. Some learning I list down bellow

� Bio-energy is one of the most acceptable and economic renewable energy sources. � I come to know about different obstacles which may come during field work. � If you can motivate the local youth and student then it is easy to achieve any information and

work to done. � Language can be unknown but it is not a barriers. � Rural India has enough resource to produce Bio-energy. � Individual Bio-energy project can’t sustainable because of insufficient time of individual for

mixing dung with water. But if a large biogas plant establish then it can be sustainable because individual person can be assigned their work and they have to done it.

P a g e | 30

RECOMMENDATION:

� People should sensitize for the biogas plant. � People should aware about the greenhouse gas produce from the cow dung and others waste

materials. � Some workshop should be there regarding global warming and how biogas can reduce the

problem. � They should also train for tuning technicality of biogas plant. � People should encourage for stall feeding of the animals.

BOOK CONSULT:

� BOOKLETS & RESEARCH MATERIALS OF BIOGAS TRAINING CENTER (BRC) CHENDU, SICHUAN, CHAINA.

� CONCEPT NOTE-BIO ENERGY PARK” PREPARE BY UNIVERSAL SCHOOL OF LEARNING IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NLRI-GVT, INDIA.

P a g e | 31

Case -1

Name-Hari Ram Rathor

Family Member- 6

Total Cattle- 6

Energy Use for Cooking:

• Kunde- 2 kg/day

• Wood-5 kg/day

• Kerosene-3 lit.

• Electricity- Rs 150 in last month ( 57 unit)

Electric Appliance use-

• Bulb-4

• TV-1

• Fan-1

• Tube light-1

• Motor pump: 1 (3 HP)

Total land- 25 Bigha

Manure use- 2 Troli/ Bigha

Chemical fertilizer- 100kg / Bigha ( mixed)

View about biogas plant-

He knows about the biogas plant. He has interest

about biogas plant. If biogas plant establish then

he will involved in the project. He will supply cow

dung to the biogas plant.

Case -2

Name – Tarabhai Raw

Family member- 7

Total cattle- nil

Energy use for Cooking:

• Kunde-3 kg / day

• Wood- 6kg/day

• Kerosene-5 lit.

Electricity- Rs 80 in last month ( 30 unit)


• Bulb-2

• TV- nil

• Fan-nil

• Tube light-1

Motor pump: nil

Total land- nil

Manure use- nil

Chemical fertilizer- nil

View about biogas plant-

She knows about the biogas plant. If the

cost of the biogas fuel is cheap then she will

purchase it from the biogas plant. No social

and cultural barrier to use biogas.

Case-3

Name- Gopal Chowdhury

Family Size-10

Total Cattle- nil

Energy Use for Cooking:

• Kunde- 1kg/day

• Wood-5 kg/day

• Kerosene-2 lit.

• LPG Cylinder- 2 / month

Electricity- Rs 500 in last month (143 units)


• Bulb-10

• TV-1

• Fan-10

• Tube light-5

• Computer-1

• Inverter+ Gizzard- 1+1

Tube well: 5 (4-6HP, 1-5HP)

Total land- 72 Bigha

Manure use- 2 Troli/ Bigha

Chemical fertilizer- 100kg / Bigha (mixed)

View About Biogas Plant-

He knows about the biogas plant. He has

interest about biogas plant. If biogas plant

establish then he will involved in the project

.He will be supported if needed.

BOX-1

P a g e | 32

COW DUNG

WOOD- CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCE

COW DUNG CAKE ( KUNDE)

PRIMARY INFORMATION COLLECTION FROM

FARMER

CHILDREN ARE STUDING IN KEROSENE LIGHT

P a g e | 33

ANNEXURE -I

Action plan

Date Main Task Steps Expected output

25th January Arrival at NLRI Ratlam

26th January Inception workshop at NLRI to assign the project to NIRD participants and finalize their

synopsis

27th January Literature review at Knowledge centre NLRI

28th -30th January Field Visit of Panched Village Meeting with key members Rapport Building

established in

village Short group meeting , transect walk

Village meeting , FGD etc

31th January Sunday Checklist preparation Rough idea

1-6th February Primary Data collection Finalize the participatory tools to be

use in the village

Primary Data

collected from

Village Furnish the data by participatory

exercise

7th February Sunday

8th February Review by Field Guide

9-10th February Secondary Data collection GP, Animal husbandry , agriculture

farm manager

All secondary data

collected

10th -13th

February

Reconnaissance survey Develop checklist and schedules

Furnish the data in field

14th February Sunday Review and develop tables and figure from data

P a g e | 34

15th -16th

February

Desk research Review the relevant documents , review , project reports

Processing and analysis of data

17th Feb Review and short presentation in front of Field guide and NIRD Sir.

18th -20th Feb Report writing

21st February Sunday & Review of report

22nd February Sharing of report with Head, NLRI , Presentation of Key findings of report at NLRI

23rd February Some Modification

24th February Depart to NIRD

ANNEXURE-II

SI NAME OF THE OFFICIAL MEET DEPARTMENT DESIGNATION CONTACT NO. IF

ANY

1 Mr. Gopal Chowdhary PRI Sarpanch -----------

2 Mr. Dipak Kr. Rathor PRI Secretary 9752162195

3 Mr. Satyanaryan Yogi PRI Pattoari 990700633

4 Mr. A. R. Power Veterinary

Hospital

AVFO 9406815200

5 Mr. Krishnakanta Pathok Agriculture

Farm

Farm Manager 9827718197

6 Mr. Jiten Rathor Fertilizer Society Branch Manager 9827838944

7 Mr. Mannalal Rathor Dairy

Cooperative

Secretary 0741269358

8 Mr. Nanadala kiraniya Govt. High

school

Head master --------------

P a g e | 35

ANNEXURE- III

SI Name Of Some Villgers With Whom Meet No of Family member

1 Tarabhai Raw 7

2 Phakir chand 4

3 Verulal Chowdhury 7

4 Khalid mansuri 4

5 Phakir Mahommad 6

6 Hazi Muztava 6

7 Ambaram Gauri 9

8 Haphiz Saha 10

9 Omprakash Sharma 6

10 Laxminaryan Jat 7

11 Gobinda Yadava 4

12 Mangila rather 4

13 Sankarlal Rather 5

ANNEXURE -IV

Commonly used fuels Calorific values in Kilo calories Thermal efficiency Bio-gas 4713/M3 60% Dung cake 2093/Kg 11% Firewood 4978/Kg 17.3% Diesel (HSD) 10550/Kg 66% Kerosene 10850/Kg 50% Petrol 11100/Kg ---

ANNEXURE-V

Name of the fuel Kerosene Fire-wood Cow-dung cakes Electricity

Equivalent quantities to 1 m3 of Bio-gas

0.620 3.474 kg 12.296 kg 4.698 kWh

bio gas-panched for gvt.final

Documents