bio ethics timeline and controversies
DESCRIPTION
Bio Ethics Timeline and Controversies. The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research Examples?. What is Bio-Ethics?. Why Bioethics?. Current Bioethical Issues. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05
Bio EthicsTimeline and
Controversies
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What is Bio-Ethics?
• The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research
• Examples?
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Why Bioethics?
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Current Bioethical Issues
Check the local news paper Stem cells (state, national, international) Genetically Engineered Organisms Knowing your genes In vetro fertilization – choosing your child's
genes and characteristics Chemicals exposures – human health Environmental health
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“The Commons”
The Tragedy of the CommonsBy Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968
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"Biology combined with diverse humanistic knowledge forging a
science that sets a system of medical and environmental
priorities for acceptable survival.“Global Bioethics (1988)
Bioethics
-------- 1911 - 2001 --------
Van Rensselaer Potter
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1860’s - Scientific method in medicine, Gregor Mendel1928 - Penicillin discovered – widely used WWII1920’s - Lead in gasoline, lead in paint1931 - 30 states had sterilization laws on books1932 - Tuskegee syphilis study initiated 1947 - Nuremberg - The Doctors Trial1952 - First open heart surgery & Chlorpromazine1953 - Structure of DNA – Watson & Crick60’s - Thalidomide, mercury, chronic hemodialysis,
amniocentesis, informed consent, IRB’s70’s - Hastings Center founded, bioethics defined,
Tuskegee noticed
Ethics and Science
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1973 – Roe V. Wade Unrestricted access to abortion1978- First Test Tube ever born80’s - Recombinant microorganism could be patented,
lead is harmful to developing brain90’s - molecular biology, sequencing of human
genome (other species), Jurassic Park1996- Dolly the sheep is the first Mammal ever cloned00’s - US stem cell research restricted2003- Human Genome project complete? - Human cloned?
Ethics and Science
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Human Clones?
Are there human clones?Yes – Identical Twins
(Time 2.19.01)
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Cloning Defined
• What is cloning?• Asexual reproduction
• Examples?• Bacteria, fungus• Plants – cutting – potato• Farm animals
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Cloning Dolly
1997 - 2003(Roslin Institute http://www.roslin.ac.uk/library/)
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Cloning A Sheep
(Roslin Institute http://www.roslin.ac.uk/library/)
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IVF – In Vitro Fertilization Baby conceived in a test tube and
implanted in a Uterus Available since 1986 About 100,000 IVF kids in U.S. Often creates extra embryos some
would like to use for Stem Cell research.
U.S. - About 400,000 frozen embryos (unregulated)
England – 52,000 (regulated by government)
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Controversies:
Should a mother be legally liable for drinking or doing drugs while pregnant? This of course would cause harm to their unborn child.
Opinion?
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Controversies:
• Should you be allowed to genetically modify your children before they are born to prevent disease?
• What about to change eye color, make them taller, stronger, smarter, better behaved?
• Opinion:
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Controversies:
• Should college students be forced to get the meningitis vaccine?
• Opinion
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Controversies:
• Should food and chemical corporations genetically modify food to yield more product, make food more nutritious, or make food taste better? Would you eat this food?
• Opinion
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Controversies:
• Should people be allowed to sell their extra kidney or a portion of their liver to a person in need of a transplant? This is currently illegal
• Opinion