bio-energy policy tool -defining the who: the case of ghana
TRANSCRIPT
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Bio-energy Policy Tool -Defining the WHO:
The Case of Ghana
By Wisdom Ahiataku-Togobo
Director, Renewable Energy Ministry of Energy
ECOWAS ECREEE-GBEP REGIONAL FORUM ON BIOENERGY, BAMAKO
19-22 MARCH, 2012
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Bio-energy • Key energy resources in Africa and of the
future (Cheap and can be sustainable).
• Accounts for over 80% of domestic energy use
• Wide range of resources including
– natural forests,
– short-rotation plantations,
– wood processing,
– agricultural residues and
– Municipal and industrial organic waste.
– energy crops,
4/5/2012
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Bio-energy Policy Issues • Energy Security.
– Growing imbalance in woodfuel consumption and yield due to inefficient production and utilization -(Food processing and heating).
– Weak regulatory enforcement for the production, transport and export (charcoal)
• Climate Change Mitigation – Environmental threat due to bush fires, land
degradation among others
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Bio-energy Policy Issues
• Employment and Social Welfare – Wood fuel (firewood and charcoal) production are
the main source of income for the poor majority in the dry seasons.
– It is also the main source of revenue for most deprive districts.
– Policy to regulate and licence this activity has direct impact on the social livelihood of the poor.
• Health and Sanitation – Smoke and indoor air pollution from inefficient
woodfuel use – Improper disposal of wood and agricultural
residues; municipal liquid and organic solid waste (High BOD content ) pollute rivers and underground water – (main source for drinking). Aquatic life destroyed
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Bio-energy Policy Issues
• Agricultural sector
– ECOWAS sub region has good climatic conditions for the cultivation of energy crops, short rotation plantation and food.
– Bioenergy has potential to strengthen the agric sector and promote rural development (mechanised farming)
– Also has potential to threaten food security (competition for land use for Food production).
– Large scale energy crop production has impact on water resource and water pollution.
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Bioenergy Policy & Strategy • Development of a comprehensive bioenergy policy and
strategy is key to maximising the potential benefits from bioenergy.
• However, this is very complex – decisions on trade-offs between conflicting goals – need to ensure that interests and concerns are adequately
considered.
• The active involvement , commitment and cooperation across relevant Ministries and their Agencies is critical. – Energy, Environment, Food & Agric, Lands & Forestry, Health,
Trade & Industries, Employment & Social welfare, local Gov. etc.
• A committed agency to drive the policy is critical. In the case of Ghana – Energy Commission is the driving agency under the directives of
its sector Ministry - Ministry of Energy , Ghana
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Bioenergy Policy & Strategy
• Synergy between the State and citizens is also essential to move from policy on paper to policy on the ground. – Policy should satisfy local needs, and contribute to
poverty reduction at the grass root. – Involvement of Civil Society Organisations, Community
Base Organizations, NGO, Cooperatives, Industrial associations, among others is critical.
– Usually follows an iterative path, and takes time.
• Above all, good governance is critical to ensure accountability – government should be responsive to citizen demands, – decision makers should be enabled to get things done
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Lessons with Modern Bio-Energy Applications
• Improved cookstoves (firewood & Charcoal)
• Improved charcoal production technologies
• Briquetting (sawdust, charcoal dust etc)
• Co-generation (sawmill / palm residues )
• Biogas (municipal/farm waste, animal dung)
• Gasification (feasibility study/research)
• Biofuel – Jathropha, oil palm, soya bean oil, sunflower oil, etc.
• Energy crops and short rotation plantations.
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Framework for RE Policy Development in Ghana
• Technical committee inaugurated by the Minister for Energy. 2005 – Representative from Research Institution – Relevant agencies from the concerned Ministries
• Energy Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, Forestry Commission, Crop Services Department; Ghana Revenue Authority, Ghana Police Service etc.
– Representative of the RE Industry, civil society and NGO
– Representative from the Academia. • KNUST, UG–Legon, Cape Coast University, Valley View
University
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Mandates
• Undertake technical and economic assessment of bioenergy: – Analyse potential of bioenergy with emphasis on risks
and opportunities of available bioenergy resources
– Evaluate the most economic application sector • Household/Institutional cooking
• Heat and power for industries
• Transport fuel
• Export
– Land and water resource assessment for bioenergy feedstock
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Mandates
• Identify existing legal and regulatory issues from the different sectors relating to renewable energy including bioenergy.
• Harmonise all into a common legal instrument taking into consideration all interests and concerns.
• Develop policy strategy for implementation – Bioenergy policy strategy
• Stakeholder consultation is key at all stages. – Community level (follows an iterative path, which takes time). – National levels (professionals and industry players) – Ministerial level (cabinet) – Parliamentary level (political parties)
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Outcomes • Harmonized legal instrument - Renewable Energy Act 2011 (Act 832).
– The policy encourages the production of biofuel for local consumption and for export.
– The acquisition of relevant permit from the Min. of Food & Agriculture and the EPA for the production of energy crops for biofuel.
– The designation of biofuel blend as a petroleum product and the pricing of the blend will be done in accordance with the National Petroleum
Authority Act, 2005 (Act 691). • It also prescribes:
– A ban on biofuel imports to protect the local industry; – An exemption of locally consumed biofuel from levies and taxes; and – Imposition of levies and taxes on biofuel exports.
• The RE Act also has provision for: – Feed-in-tariff to give preferential and guaranteed tariff for electricity
generated from the renewable energy resources including bioenergy. – Mandatory purchase of electricity generated from renewable energy
sources (including Bioenergy) by the power distribution utilities and bulk consumers.
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Outcomes – Min of Food & Agric
• S1 Highly suitable for mechanized cultivation of export and food crops, (cashew nut, sunflower pineapples, maize corn, guinea corn, cassava etc ) .
• S3a poorly drained soils good for mechanized irrigation of rice, sugarcane, vegetables etc.
• S3c shallow soils. Could be hand cultivated vegetables and maize.
• N1 Unsuitable areas for upland arable and tree crops.
• D Very unsuitable areas for crop production. Soils are very saline and may be utilized for mining of edible salt.
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Outcomes
• Comprehensive document of bioenergy technology catalogue.
• Draft Bioenergy Policy Strategy document. – Stakeholder consultations at the community, regional and
national level – Draft document is currently subjected to Strategic
Environmental Impact Assessment after which it will be subjected to ministerial consideration, and then for parliamentary approval.
• Legislative Instruments for the smooth implementation of the RE Act is also under development for parliamentary approval. – The continuous consultation is to ensure full involvement
of all stakeholder including political parties.
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Conclusion • Bio-energy plays a very important role in Africa.
– Direct combustion: • Food processing, oil extraction process, brewing,
distillation, grilling, smoking etc.
– Food for Man-power / Animal-power: • Water supply, woodfuel supply, grinding, transport
• Ploughing, harvesting, fishing, Carpentry, construction, sewing, weaving, mining etc.
– All these productive works require food - BIOENERGY
• Development of an effective policy and strategic framework requires the active involvement of all concerned stakeholder.
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Conclusion
• Ghana is committed to develop all the relevant policies, regulatory frameworks and strategies for the development and promotion of RE and Bioenergy
• Without the right policies and implementation strategy, it will be difficult to attract investment in the RE and bioenergy subsector in particular for sustainable development.
• Investors want security, stable government among others to guarantee return on their investments.
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Danida, UNDP, WB, REEEP, FAO, GBEP and ECREEE are some of the Development Partners credited for their
support to Ghana’s RE policy development.
THANK
YOU
WISDOM AHIATAKU-TOGOBO DIRECTOR, RENEWABLE ENERGY MINISTRY OF ENERGY, GHANA
[email protected], [email protected] www.energymin.gov.gh