BIO ENERGY

UNIT - 4

BY B.RAMESHKUMAR B.E, MBA

What is BIO Energy?

Bioenergy is:“energy derived from recently living material such as wood, crops, or animal waste.” (versus decayed materials that comprise fossil fuels)

Can be burned directly for heat or converted to biofuels such as biodiesel or ethanol.

It’s a Renewable Energy Sources

BIOMASSAll organic matter is known as biomass, and the energy released from biomass when it is eaten, burnt or converted into fuels is called biomass energy.• Biomass provides a clean, renewable energy source that could dramatically improve our environment, economy and energy security. Biomass energy generates far less air emissions than fossil fuels.• Unlike combustion of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide captured by photosynthesis billions of years ago, carbon dioxide released by biomass is balanced by carbon dioxide captured in the recent growth of the biomass, so there is far less net impact on greenhouse gas levels.

WHERE DOES BIOMASS COME FROM ? Biomass is obtained from anyplant, human or animalderived

organic matter.• Wood from trees, agricultural crops, wood factory waste, and the construction industry• Burnt wood from forest fires• Animals and animal droppings

Biogas Yield from various raw materials

USABLE FORM OF BIOMASS

BIO FUELS SOLIDS STRAW METHANOL, ETHANO; VEGETABLE OILS GASES METHANE

BIO MASS RESOURCES

CONCENTRATED WASTE – MUNICIPAL SOLID, SEWAGE , INDUSTRIAL WASTE,

DISPERSED WASTE RESIDUE – CROP RESIDUE, DISPOSED MANNER

HARVESTED BIOMASS

FORESTS

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

AQUATIC PLANTS

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS WASTE INTO USEABLE FUELS

Gasification• Exposing a solid fuel to high temperatures and limited oxygen produces biogas.

Pyrolysis• Heating the biomass can produce pyrolysis oil and phenol oil leaving charcoal.

Digestion• Bacteria, in an oxygen-starved environment can produce methane.

Fermentation• Bio-material that is used to manufacture Ethanol and Biodiesel by an anaerobic biological process in which sugars are converted to alcohol by the action of micro-organisms, usually yeast.

Solid Fuel Combustion• Direct combustion of solid matter.

BIO MASS LIQUIFICATION

•Solvent•Germicide•Alcoholic beverage•Fuel•Antifreeze

PRODUCTION OF ETHANO

L

FERMENTATION MATERIALS

Sugars: Sugar cane, fruits, molasses

Starches: Grains, Potatoes, root crops

Cellulose: Wood, Grasses, Crop Residue

FERMENTATION REACTION

ETHANOL FROM SUGAR CANE

LIME JUICE + SO2

SUGARCANE

CANE JUICE

CLARIFIED JUICE

SUGAR

MOLASSES

ETHANOL

BIO GAS PRODUCTION FROM WASTE BIOMASS

SEWAGE

CROP RESIDUE

VEGITABLE WASTE

POILTRY DROPPINGS

PIG MANURE

METHODS TO OBTAIN ENERGY FROM BIOMASS

COMBUSTION

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

PYROLYSIS

ETHANOL FERMENTATION

GASIFIER

COMPONENTS OF BIO GAS PLANTS

DIGESTER

GAS HOLDER

INLET

OUTLET

SLURRY

MIXING

TANK

GAS OUTL

ET PIPE

STIRRER

TYPES OF BIO GAS PLANT

CONTINUOS TYPE

BATCH TYPE

FLOATING DRUM TYPE

FIXED DOME

MODIFIED DOME TYPE

SINGLE STAGE CONTINUOS BIOGAS PLANT

BIOGAS BATCH PLANT

FLOATING DRUM TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

FIXED DOME TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

BIO GAS APPLICATIONS

• COOKING• ELECTICAL USAGES• IC ENGINES- PETROL &

DIESEL ENGINES• FUEL CELLS

COMMONLY BIO GAS

CONTAINS 60% CH4

AND REMAINING CONTAINS

CO2

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES MORE FLEXIBILITY EQUAL MIXING OF GAS AND AIR IN ENGINES REDUCES THE WEARNESS OF ENGINE REDUCE THE CO & NO EMISSIONS LOW PRODUCTION COST LESS POLLUTION THE WASTE OF THIS USE FOR FERTILIZER OTHER HOME APPLIANCES LIKE,COOKING, ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS

FACTORS AFFECTING BIO GAS GENERATION

TEMPERATURELOADING RateSolid concentrationPh valueRetention PeriodNutrients ConcentrationToxic Sunstances

BIO DIESEL