Bio 9C: Thursday, 2.10.11Title: The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Investigation

Homework: Review 244-248 in your textbooks. Pay close attention to the

stages of Mitosis. Pass DNA Modeling Lab to the Left

Do Now:Put the following in order from largest to smallest: Gene Chromosome Nucleotide DNA

Today’s Objectives: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

THE CELL CYCLE& MITOSIS

PHA Biology 9Moretti/ Dickson

DNA

Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact

Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait

Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

Chromosome Review

Nucleotide Base Pairs

Chromosomes unraveling into DNA

Chromosome Review Contain DNA Number varies

with organism: Humans: 46 Cats: 32 Dogs: 72

Note: Page 341 in Textbook has a good picture of karyotype

Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

The Cell Cycle: Overview One cell grows

and divides into two new cells

Purpose: Growth Replace dead cells Repair tissues

after injury Asexual

reproduction (in single-celled organisms) Amoeba reproducing

Major Steps of the Cell Cycle

Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes & organelles G1 phase: Cell grows S phase: DNA replicates G2 phase: More growth;

cell prepares to divide M-Phase:

Mitosis Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei

Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cellsObjectives for Class:

• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

What do you notice about the chromosomes in G1 versus G2?

Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

Chromosome Replication During the Cell Cycle

G1 Phase: Chromosomes are un-

replicated - each contains one copy of its DNA

Un-Replicated Chromosome

G2 Phase: Chromosomes are replicated

- each contains two exact copies of its DNA

Centromere – a small spot in the center of a chromosome

Replicated Chromosome

Sister Chromatids– two halves of a replicated chromosome– exact copies of each other

Centromere

S Phase:DNA Replication

creates replicated chromosomes

Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

More Images of Chromosome Replication

Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

Why do Chromosomes Replicate?

So they can split during mitosis and separate into two new cells

Each cell gets an exact copy of each chromosome!

Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

Mitosis Investigations – Period 1

Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards

Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the

stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.

Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation

Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells

in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe

Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of

chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.

Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Bio 9C: Friday, 2.11.10Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigation Period 2

Homework: Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions

by Monday

Do Now: Pick up where you left off during yesterday’s

investigation of Mitosis. If you weren’t here, start with Investigation I.

Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA

into two different nuclei to create two new cells

Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards

Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the

stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.

Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation

Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells

in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe

Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of

chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.

Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Bio 9C: Monday, 2.14.11Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigations – Per3

Homework: Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions

Do Now:1. For each cell shown below: How many chromosomes are

there? Are they un-replicated or replicated?a) b) c)

2. Why is it important for chromosomes to replicate during the cell cycle?

Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different

nuclei to create two new cells

Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards

Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the

stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.

Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation

Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells

in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe

Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of

chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.

Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.15.11Title: Stages of Mitosis Review

Homework: Study for tomorrow’s quiz – see assignment

sheet for review

Do Now: Next Slide…

Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into

two different nuclei to create two new cells

Short Activity: Plant Cells in Mitosis Can you identify the different stages?

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Whole-Class Review

Mitosis: Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei

Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells

M-Phase: Mitotic Division

Objectives for Class:Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells.

• .

Stages of MitosisStep 1: Prophase

Step 2: Metaphase Step 4:

Telophase

Step 3: Anaphase

Cell Division in Mitosis• Animal Cell Mitosis under the Microscope:

• 12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg

• Stages of Mitosis Video:• Mitosis.mpg

Animal Cell Plant Cells

Interphase

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) Spindle fibers form between the ends (poles) of

cell.

Mitosis Stages: Prophase

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Stages: Metaphase Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids, as they

prepare to pull them apart

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell

Mitosis Stages: Anaphase

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Two new nuclei form Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather

than rods) Mitosis ENDS

Mitosis Stages: Telophase

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes

Cytokinesis

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Stages of Mitosis

Mitosis Individual Review Time

Quiz Review: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle

Diagram and describe the structure of DNA and… Label the following parts:

deoxyribose sugar phosphate nitrogenous bases hydrogen bonds.

Show proper pairing between nitrogenous bases.

Define each of the following terms and explain how they all relate to each other: DNA Genes Chromosomes Nucleotides

Describe the steps of DNA replication.

Diagram and describe the structure of a chromosome. Draw a chromosome and label the

centromere and sister chromatids. Distinguish between un-replicated and

replicated chromosomes. Explain the purpose and overall result of

the cell cycle. Describe what happens in each step of the

cell cycle: Interphase

G1 phase S phase G2 phase

Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Cytokinesis Draw and/or label a diagram of mitosis.

Bio 9C: Wednesday, 2.16.11Title: Quiz – DNA Structure Replication and the Cell Cycle

Homework: Read pages 300-302 in the textbook. Take active

reading notes to answer the following questions: How is RNA different from DNA? What are the functions of the 3 different types of RNA? What happens during transcription?

Do Now: Clear your desks and get ready for the quiz

Today’s Objectives: Demonstrate knowledge of DNA and the Cell

Cycle on a quiz

Quiz:DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle No talking If you have a question or need something

from your bag, please raise your hand and ask permission

When done, please put your quiz face down on the kidney table in the appropriate pile (version A or version B).

Read pages 300-302 in the textbook. Take active reading notes to answer the following questions: How is RNA different from DNA? What are the functions of the 3

different types of RNA? What happens during transcription?

Transition to RNA Structure and Function PowerPoint ..\RNA, Transcription, Translation\PHA_Bio9_RNA_

9C.pptx