bio 3 orientation chapter 1
TRANSCRIPT
Human Structure and Function I
Office hours:
Monday and Wednesday 3 -5 p.m. Thursday 2:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.And by appointment
Textbook
Medical Physiology 2nd or 3rd edition Rodney A. Rhodes, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Laboratory Manual - Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th or 9th Cat edition with PhysioEx by Marieb
Course Objectives:
Foundation Medical terminology Metabolism Organization of the body Cell structure Tissues Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular and Nervous
Systems
Classroom Etiquette:
Turn off pagers and cell phones especially during exams!
No tobacco use of any kind
Be considerate of others:
Take out what you bring in.
Talk to me, NOT your neighbor!
Do not ask for grades over the phone or internet.
Academic Integrity
Use Professional ethicsNO:
PlagiarismCheatingAllowing others to copy from you
Penalties can be severe !!
Attendance is important !
All material covered in class is fair game for exams!
Inclement weatherDisability servicesMake upsSchedule – read your syllabus !!!
Other:
Exams :4 exams worth 100 pointsMultiple choice, diagrams, fill-in and essay questions
Comprehensive final ExamA = 450 – 50 pointsB = 400 – 449 pointsC = 350 – 399 pointsD = 300 – 349 pointsF less than 300 points
• Organization of the body and how it functions• Begin to understand the complexities of the
human body and see how all body systems work together
• Biochemistry, cells, tissues, and the integumentary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems.
You will learn a new language, made up of reusable and interchangeable parts.
Gluconeogenesis
Gluco – sugar - glucose
Neo - new
Genesis - to make, produce or generate
The production of new glucose moleculesfrom other, non-sugar, substances.
Glucosuria
Gluco – sugar (glucose)
Uria - urine
An abnormal amount of sugar in the urine
Hematuria
Uria - urine
Hemato - blood
Blood in the urine
Hematoma means:
A) To produce excess urine
B) A clotting disorder where the patient continues to bleed
C) A swelling caused by the growth of new cells
D) A swelling caused by blood
Anatomy is the study of the STRUCTURES of the body, and the relationship among structures.
This is the WHAT and WHERE of the body.
The word itself means “to cut up.”
Types of anatomy
• Gross anatomy– Regional anatomy – Systemic anatomy– Surface, developmental, clinical and surgical
anatomy
• Microscopic anatomy– Cytology– histology
Physiology is the study of how the body Functions.
The “how” is often on a chemical level.
Anatomy and Physiology are closely integrated, both theoretically and practically
All specific functions are performed by specific structures.
organismorgan system
organstissues
cells – smallest living thingorganelles
moleculesAtoms (elements)
Homeostasis is maintaining a fairly constantinternal environment in spite of a changingexternal environment.
All body systems attempt to maintain homeostasis.
What can upset homeostasis?
Feedback loops:
1. Control center
2. Receptors that monitor changes
3. Effectors receive information from the control center and produce a response
Negative feedback reverses changes
Positive feedback brings a process to completion
Disease is a homeostatic imbalance.
Symptoms are subjective changes that are not apparent to an observer.
Signs are objective changes which can beobserved or measured.
• We can divide the body into two portions:– Axial portion– Appendicular portion
Thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes:
Visceral (guts) refers to the membraneclosest to the organs.
Parietal refers to the membrane that linesthe body walls.
The pleura surround the lungs
The pericardium surrounds the heart
The peritoneum surrounds the abdominalorgans
Directional Terms:
Superior (cephalic or cranial) – toward the head, upper, or above. Inferior (caudal) – toward the feet, under or
below Anterior (ventral) – front, or in front ofPosterior (dorsal) – back or in back of Medial (mesial) – toward the midline of the body Lateral – toward the side of the body or away
from the midline
Intermediate – between two structures
Ipsilateral – on the same side of the body
Contralateral – on the opposite side of the body
Proximal – toward the trunk of the body or the point of origin of a body part.
Distal – away from the trunk of the body or thepoint of origin of a body part.
Superficial – toward the surface of the body
Deep – away from the body surface
Body Planes and Sections
• Imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body or organs
