bio-1

ICSE PAPER – 2002

(Attempt All Questions)Question 1.

(a) Name the following :– [8](i) A substance that initiates an immune response.(ii) A fluid that transports fatty acid and glycerol.(iii) The structure in which the testes are present in a man.

(iv) The micro-organism that causes AIDS.(v) The valve present in between the chambers of the right side of the human heart.(vi) Condition of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution.(vii) A pollutant largely responsible for acid rain.(viii) The part of the human brain that controls body temperature.

(b) Given below are certain functional activities of specific structures in the body of living organisms.Name the structure responsible for the same. [8](i) Prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

(ii) Transfers impulses from inner ear to brain.(iii) Initiates cell division in animal cells.(iv) Helps to change the focal length of the eye lens.(v) Transports oxygen to the cells of the human body.(vi) Helps to increase the volume of the chest cavity lengthwise.(vii) Transports manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant.(viii) Acts as bearer of heredity units.

(c) Choose the correct answer to the following :–

(You may either write the statement with the correct answer or may write the correspondingletter of the alphabet.)(i) Cerebellum is the part of the brain which is responsible for :–(a) Interpreting sensations.(b) Conducting reflexes in the body.(c) Maintaining posture and equilibrium.(d) Controlling thinking, memory and reasoning.

ICSE QUESTION PAPERS 2002-11 (SOLVED)

761

762 | Evergreen ICSE 10 Years Solved Papers

(ii) The mineral element essential for the clotting of blood is :(a) Iron. (b) Calcium. (c) Iodine. (d) Sulphur.(iii) A plant is kept in a dark cupboard for about 48 hours before conducting any experiment

on photosynthesis to :

(a) Remove chlorophyll from the leaves.(b) Remove starch from the plant.(c) Ensure that no photosynthesis occurs.(d) Ensure that the leaves are free from starch.

(iv) The parts of the human ear concerned with hearing are :(a) cochlea, ear ossicles and tympanum.(b) semicircular canals, utricules and saccules.(c) eustachian tube, tympanum and utricules

(d) perilymph, ear ossicles and semicircular canals.(v) During respiration, there is :–

(a) Gain in dry weight.(b) Loss in dry weight.(c) No change in weight.(d) All of the above depending on the type of respirable material.

(vi) Marine fish when thrown under tap water bursts because of :(a) Endosmosis. (b) Exosmosis. (c) Diffusion. (d) Plasmolysis.

(vii) Introduction of deadened or weak microbes into the body is termed :(a) Immunisation. (b) Vaccine. (c) Sterilisation. (d) Vaccination.

(viii) Duplicated chromosomes are joined at a point termed :(a) Centrosome. (b) Centromere. (c) Centriole. (d) Chromatid.

(d) Match the items in Column I with those which are most appropriate in Column II. You mustrewrite the matching pairs :– [8]

Column I Column II

(a) Liver (i) basic unit of the brain(b) Ova (ii) stimulated by light(c) Alveoli (iii) deoxygenated blood(d) Cochlea (iv) part of the sclera(e) Vein (v) haploid cell(f) Neuron (vi) blind sacs(g) Stomata (vii) found in the kidney(h) Grana (viii) audio receptors

(ix) diffusion of gases(x) break down of proteins(xi) diploid cell

Biology, | 763

(e) Given below is a table consisting of a set of items belonging to a common category. Completethe table by filling in the category and the odd one in the blanks. The first example has beendone for you. [8]

Set Category Odd one

(i) Glucose, Starch, Cellulose, Carbohydrates Calcium

Calcium

(ii) Pleura, Pericardium,

Meninges, Spinal Cord

(iii) BCG, Cholera, Rabies,

Tuberculosis

(iv) Adrenalin, Penicillin,

Insulin, Thyroxine

(v) Xylem, Collenchyma,

Cartilage, Parenchyma

Answer :

(a) (i) Antigen.

(ii) Lymph.

(iii) Scrotum.

(iv) HIV.

(v) Tricuspid valve (Right auriculo-ventricular valve).

(vi) Turgid/Deplasmolysed.

(vii) Sulphur dioxide.

(viii) Hypothalamus.

(b) (i) Epiglottis. (ii) Auditory nerve.

(iii) Centrosome. (iv) Ciliary muscles.

(v) Red blood cells. (vi) Diaphragm.

(vii) Phloem. (viii) Genes.

(c) (i) Maintaining posture and equilibrium. (ii) Calcium.

(iii) Remove starch from the plant. (iv) Cochlea, ear ossicles andtympanum.

(v) Loss in dry weight. (vi) Endosmosis

(vii) Vaccination (viii) Centromere.

2002


(d)

(e)

Column I Column II

(a) Liver (i) break down of proteins

(b) Ova (ii) haploid cell

(c) Alveoli (iii) blind sacs

(d) Cochlea (iv) audio receptors

(e) Vein (v) deoxygenated blood

(f) Neuron (vi) basic unit of the brain

(g) Stomata (vii) diffusion of gases

(h) Grana (viii) stimulated by light

Set Category Odd one

(i) Glucose, Starch, Cellulose, Carbohydrates Calcium

Calcium

(ii) Pleura, Pericardium, Protective Spinal cord

Meninges, Spinal Cord coverings

(iii) BCG, Cholera, Rabies, Diseases BCG

Tuberculosis

(iv) Adrenalin, Penicillin, Hormones Penicillin

Insulin, Thyroxine

(v) Xylem, Collenchyma, Plant tissue Cartilage

Cartilage, Parenchyma

(Attempt any FOUR Questions)Question 2.

(a) The alongside diagram represents the human brainas seen in an external view. Study the same andthen answer the question that follow :–

(i) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.(ii) Mention the difference in the arrangement

of the nerve cells in the parts marked ‘1’ and ‘4’.

1

34

2

[6]

Biology, | 765

(iii) What is the main function of the parts marked ‘3’ and ‘4’ ?(iv) Name the sheet of nerve fibres that connect the two halves of the part labelled ‘1’.

(b) Define the following terms :–(i) Photophosphorylation (ii) Diffusion

(iii) Noise pollution (iv) Synapse [4]Answer :

(a) (i) 1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum 3. Medulla Oblongata4. Spinal Cord

(ii)

(iii) ‘3’ (Medulla Oblongata) – Its main function is to control the involuntary actionsof human body.‘4’ (Spinal Cord) – Spinal cord conducts four main functions :

1. Conducting sensory impulses from skin and muscles to brain.2. Conducting motor response from brain to muscles of the trunk and limbs.3. Controls reflexes below the neck region.4. Controls most of the involuntary actions.

(iv) Corpus Callosum.(b) (i) Conversion of low grade energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into high

potential chemical energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known asphotophosphorylation. It takes place in the presence of light.

ADP Chlorophyll

Light ATP

(ii) Diffusion is the movement of molecules of a substance (solute or solvent, gas,liquid or solid) from the region of their higher concentration to the region oftheir lower concentration.

(iii) Noise pollution is the production of any unwanted sound which causes adverseeffects like deafness. Noise disturbs and interrupts the thought process, as aresult of which efficiency in work is lowered. So, we can say that noise affectboth our physical and mental health.

(iv) Synapse is the point of contact between the terminal branches of the axon of oneneuron with the dendrites of another neuron.

Question 3.(a) The figure given below is a diagrammatic

representation of a part of the cross section of theroot in the root hair zone. Study the same andthen answer the questions that follow :–

‘1’ (Cerebrum)

The cortex (outer portion) containscell bodies of neuron forming greymatter. The inner portion formswhite matter.

‘4’ (Spinal Cord)

The inner portion contains cellbodies of neuron forming greymatter. The outer portion formswhite matter.

5

1

3

4 2 [6]

2002


(i) Name the parts indicated by guidelines ‘1’ to ‘5’.(ii) Is the root hair cell unicellular or multicellular ?

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of the root hair cell as it would appear if some fertilizer is addedto the soil close to it.

(iv) Name the process responsible for the entry of water molecules from the soil into A1 andthen A2.

(v) What pressure is responsible for the movement of water in the direction indicated byarrows ?

(vi) How is this pressure set up ?(b) Mention the difference between the following pairs on the basis of what is given in brackets :[4]

(i) Artery and Vein (type of blood flowing through)(ii) Serum and Vaccine (composition)

(iii) Antiseptic and Disinfectant (Function)(iv) Photosynthesis and Respiration (Reactants).

Answer :(a) (i) 1. Root hair 2. Epidermal Cell

3. Xylem 4. Cortical cell5. Vacuole.

(ii) Unicellular(iii) Root hair will shrink due to plasmolysis.

(iv) Osmosis.(v) Root pressure.

(vi) Root pressure is set up due to alternate turgidity and flaccidity of the root haircells and the cortical cells.

(b) (i) Artery Vein

It carries oxygenated blood. It carries deoxygenated blood.(Exception : Pulmonary artery) (Exception : Pulmonary vein)

(ii) Serum Vaccine

It consists of water, proteins, fat, It consists of dead or weakenedminerals, hormones and urea. microbes that stimulate the body

to produce its own antibodies.

FULL GROWN ROOT HAIR

NUCLEUS

VACUOLE

CYTOPLASM

CELL MEMBRANE

CELL WALL

EPIDERMAL CELL

Biology, | 767

(iii) Antiseptic Disinfectant

These are chemical substances which These are powerful chemicaldestroy some bacteria and prevent the substances used for destroyinggrowth of others on the body or wound. microbes in spots and places and

for sterilizing operation theatresand surgical instruments.

(iv) Photosynthesis Respiration

Carbon dioxide and water are the Oxygen and glucose are thereactants. reactants.

Question 4.(a) The diagram given below is that of a developing human foetus in the womb. Study the same

and then answer the questions that follow : [6]

(i) Name the parts ‘1’ to ‘5’ indicated by guidelines.(ii) What term is given to the period of development of the foetus in the womb ?

(iii) How many days does the foetus take to be fully developed ?(iv) Mention two functions of the parts labelled ‘2’ other than its endocrine function.(v) Name the hormone (any one) produced by the part labelled ‘2’.

(vi) What is the function of the part marked ‘3’ ?(b) (i) State Mendel’s law of dominance. [4]

(ii) What is a dihybrid ratio ?(iii) Define Phenotype.(iv) What are autosomes ?

Answer :(a) (i) 1 – Umbilical cord 2 – Placenta

3 – Amniotic fluid 4 – Mouth of uterus/cervix5 – Muscular wall of uterus

(ii) Gestation period.(iii) 280 days.

2

5

1

34

2002


(iv) 1. Transfer oxygen, nutrients, water and hormones from mother to developingembryo (diffusion).

2. It excretes nitrogenous wastes and carbon dioxide which need to becontinuously removed.

(v) Progesterone/oestrogen.(vi) Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion for the embryo and protects it from jerks or

mechanical shocks.(b) (i) Mendel’s law of dominance states that out of a pair of contrasting characters

brought together in an offspring, one always dominates over the other. The onethat is expressed is dominant and the one that remains masked, is recessive.

(ii) Dihybrid ratio – 9 : 3 : 3 : 1(iii) Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism which are

genetically controlled.(iv) All the chromosomes other than sex chromosomes present in diploid cells are

known as autosomes.Question 5.

(a) (i) What is a Lacrimal gland ? [6](ii) In what two ways is yellow spot different from blind spot ?

(iii) Name an old-age eye defect. Why is it caused ?(iv) What is meant by ‘power of accommodation of the eye’ ?(v) Mention the characteristics of the image that falls on the retina of the eye.

(vi) Name the photoreceptors found in the retina of the eye.(b) In each of the following cases, pick out one term which includes the other three :– [4]

(i) glucose, oxygen, energy, oxidation.(ii) glomerular filtrate, bowman’s capsule, ultrafiltration, glomerulus.

(iii) ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, anaerobic, oxygen absence.(iv) diffusion, respiratory gases, alveoli, capillary network.

Answer :(a) (i) Lacrimal glands are the structures located at the upper, outer end of the eyeball,

beneath the eyelid. Lacrimal glands manufacture tears. These tears containbactericidal enzyme called lysozyme which cleans and lubricates the eyeball.

(ii) Yellow Spot Blind Spot

1. It is the area of best vision. 1. It is the area of no vision.2. It contains maximum number 2. There are no cone and

of cone cells. rod cells in this area.

(iii) Presbyopia is an old-age eye defect. It is caused due to the loss of elasticity ofthe lens with age.

(iv) Adjustment of the eye with the help of ciliary muscles in order to assure clearvision of objects at different distances is called accomodation.

(v) The image formed is inverted, real and diminished.(vi) Rods and cones.

Biology, | 769

(b) (i) Oxidation. (ii) Ultrafiltration(iii) Anaerobic (iv) Alveoli.

Question 6.(a) In order to study and prove a particular physiological process in plants, the following experiment

was set up. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow : [6]

(i) Name the physiological process being studied.(ii) What is the function of soda lime in the bottle ‘A’ and why is lime water placed in bottle

‘B’ ?(iii) What change would you expect to observe in bottle ‘D’ ?(iv) Represent the physiological process named in ‘i’ above in the form of a chemical equation.(v) In order to obtain accurate results, the bottle ‘C’ should be covered with a black cloth.

Why ?(vi) If bottle ‘C’ were fitted with a 3 holed rubber stopper and a thermometer were introduced

in such a way that its bulb reaches close to the germinating seeds, what would youobserve ? Why?

(b) Column ‘B’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘A’. Match the term in Column ‘B’with the suitable idea given in Column ‘A’. [4]

Column A Column B

(i) Chromosomes become arranged in a horizontal Anaphaseplane at the equator.

(ii) Daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of Prophasethe spindle.

(iii) Chromosomes become visible as fine, long threads. Telophase(iv) Chromosomes lose their distinctiveness and gradually Metaphase

become transformed into chromatin network.

Answer :

(a) (i) Respiration.(ii) Soda lime in bottle ‘A’ absorbs the carbon dioxide from the air passing through it.

2002

GERMINATING SEEDS


Lime water in bottle ‘B’ is kept to make sure that no carbon dioxide is presentin the air which enters bottle ‘C’. Carbon dioxide, if present, would turn limewater milky.

(iii) The lime water present in bottle ‘D’ will turn milky due to the carbon dioxideproduced because of respiration.

(iv) C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 Respiration 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP(Glucose) (Oxygen) (Carbon dioxide) (Water) (Energy)

(v) The bottle ‘C’ should be covered with a black cloth to avoid photosynthesis. Ifphotosynthesis takes place, carbon dioxide produced during respiration willbe used up and the desired result of the experiment will not be achieved.Therefore, to stop sunlight from entering the bottle, it should be covered withblack cloth as photosynthesis is initiated by sunlight.

(vi) If a thermometer is introduced in bottle ‘C’, a rise in temperature will benoticed because germinating seeds produce heat during respiration.

(b) Column A

(i) Chromosomes become arranged in ahorizontal plane at the equator.

(ii) Daughter chr omosomes move toopposite poles of the spindle.

(iii) Chromosomes become visible as fine,long threads.

(iv) Chromosomes lose their distinctivenessand gradually become transformed intochromatin network.

Column B

Metaphase

Anaphase

Prophase

Telophase

Question 7.

(a) Given below is a diagram of a smear of human blood. Study the same and then answer thequestions that follow :–

(i) Name the parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicated by guidelines.(ii) Mention two structural differences between the parts labelled ‘1’ and ‘2’.

(iii) What is the main function of the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3 ?(iv) What is the life span of the part labelled ‘1’ ?

Biology, | 771

(v) Name a soluble protein found in ‘4’ which helps in the clotting of blood.(vi) Name the disease in which blood fails to clot naturally.

(b) What do the following abbrevations stand for : [4](i) WHO

(ii) NADP(iii) DNA(iv) ATP ?

Answer :(a) (i) 1 – Red blood cells

2 – White blood cells3 – Platelets4 – Plasma

(ii) ‘1’ (RBC’s) ‘2’ (WBC’s)

(iii) 1. (RBC’s) –They transport oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body.2. (WBC’s) –They destroy bacteria and provide defence to the body.3. (Platelets) –At the site of injury, platelets disintegrate to release a chemicalsubstance thromboplastin which initiates the process of blood clotting.

(iv) 120 days(v) Fibrinogen.

(vi) Haemophilia (Bleeder’s disease).(b) (i) World Health Organisation

(ii) Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate(iii) Deoxyribonucleic Acid(iv) Adenosine Triphosphate.

ICSE PAPER – 2003

(Attempt All Questions)

Question 1.

(a) Name the following : [8]

(i) The genetic constitution of an organism.

1. They contain nucleus.

2. They are like amoeboid and canproduce pseudopodia.

1. The mature RBC’s are devoid ofnucleus.

2. They are like the biconcavediscs.

2003


(ii) The tissue responsible for the ascent of sap in plants.(iii) The part of the eye responsible for its shape.(iv) The part of the chloroplast where the dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place.(v) The kind of animal tissue found lining the respiratory organs.

(vi) The gland in the skin that secretes sebum.(vii) The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the corti-

cal cells of the root.(viii) The blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood to the liver.

(b) Given below in the box are a set of 22 biological terms. Of these, 18 can be paired into 9matching pairs. Of the nine pairs, one has been done for you as an example. Write out theremaining 8 matching pairs. Number the pairs made by you as ‘I to 8’. [8]

Cell wall, Deoxy ribonucleic acid, Neurotransmitter, Vaccine, Antibiotic, Weakened mi-crobes, Melanin, Spinal cord, Adipose tissue, Cellulose, Chromosome, Adenosine triphos-phate, Neuron, Subcutaneous layer, Penicillin, Energy molecule, Malphigian layer, Lysol,Liver, Acetylcholine, Kidney, Haemophilia..

Example : Adenosine triphosphate - energy molecule.(c) There are five groups given below with four examples in each. In each group, there is one

example which does not fit into the category. For each of these groups write down the categoryof the group and identify the odd one as shown in the example below : [8] (0) Diplococcus, Salmonella typhi, Plasmodium, Vibrio cholerae.

(i) Adrenal, Liver, Thyroid, Pituitary.(ii) Coughing, Sneezing, Eating, Blinking.

(iii) Corpus luteum, Corpus callosum, Pons, Cerebellum.(iv) Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen dioxide.

Sr. No. 0 has been done for you as an example.

Example : S.No. Category Odd one

(0) Disease causing bacteria Plasmodium

(d) Give the technical terms for the following :- [8]

(i) Loss of water in the form of water droplets from the margin of leaves.

(ii) A statistical study of the human population of a region.

(iii) Air breathed in and out during quiet normal breathing.(iv) Movement of WBC’s out of capillary walls at the site of the injury.

(v) The period of intrauterine development of the embryo.

(vi) A colourless plastid in the cytoplasm of plant cells around which starch collects.

(vii) Proteins produced in the blood to fight and destroy harmful microbes.(viii) The phase of contraction of the chambers of the heart.

(e) Given below is an incomplete table relating to certain structures found in the human body,their location, and function. Study the same and then give the appropriate answer in terms ofstructure, location and function, for the blanks numbered 1 to 8 : [8]

Biology, | 773

Structure Location Function

Epiglottis 1 23 4 Insulates the Axon5 the glands on top 6

of the kidneysYellow spot 7 8

Answer :(a) (i) Genotype

(ii) Xylem(iii) Sclera(iv) Stroma(v) Ciliated Epithelial Tissue

(vi) Sebaceous glands(vii) Root pressure(viii) Hepatic Artery

(b) ATP — Energy moleculeNeurotransmitter — AcetylcholineAdipose tissue — Subcutaneous layerMalpighian layer — MelaninCell wall — CelluloseAntibiotic — PenicillinVaccine — Weakened microbesNeuron — Spinal cordChromosome — DNA

(c) Sr. No. Category Odd one

1. Endocrine glands Liver2. Involuntary actions Eating3. Parts of brain Corpus luteum4. Pollutants Oxygen

(d) (i) Guttation(ii) Demography

(iii) Tidal Volume(iv) Diapedesis(v) Gestation Period

(vi) Leucoplast(vii) Antibody(viii) Systole

2003


B

C

A

(e) 1. Opening of larynx (glottis)2. Guarding the opening of larynx (glottis), preventing entry of food in respiratory

tract.3. Myelin sheath4. Surrounds nerve fibre5. Adrenal glands6. Helps body in emergency7. At the back of eye on horizontal axis8. Point of brightened vision

(Attempt any FOUR Questions)

Question 2.(a) Given below is the diagram of a part of the human ear. Study the same and then answer the

questions that follow :- [5]

Labyrinth of the inner ear.(i) Give the biological term for Malleus, Incus and Stapes.

(ii) Name the parts labelled A, B and C in the diagram.(iii) State the functions of the parts labelled A’ and ‘B’.(iv) Name the audio receptor region present in the part labelled A.

(b) A healthy croton plant bearing variegated leaves was kept in a dark cupboard to destarch itafter which it was placed in sunlight for a few hours. One of the leaves was then plucked and anoutline of the leaf marking the green and the non-green regions was drawn. The leaf was thentested for starch. Using the above information, answer the following questions : [5]

(i) State the aim of the above experiment.(ii) Name the Chemical used for testing the presence of starch.

(iii) Why is the leaf boiled in water and alcohol before testing for the presence of starch ?(iv) What change is seen on the leaf after the starch test ?(v) Give the chemical equation to represent the process of starch formation in plants.

Answer :(a) (i) Hammer, anvil and stirrup.

(ii) (A) — Cochlea(B) — Semi-circular canals(C) — Utricle, sacculus

Biology, | 775

COBALT CHLORIDE PAPER

CLIPS

SLIDES

(iii) (A) — Concerend with hearing(B) — Have receptors for static equilibrium

(iv) Organs of corti(b) (i) To show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.

(ii) Iodine(iii) To kill the enzymes and to remove chlorophyll from the leaf(iv) Green parts turned blue black while non-green parts turned brown.

(v) 6CO2 + 12H2O Light

Chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

n [C6HI2O6] Condensation

Polymerisation [C6HI0O5]n + nH2O

starchQuestion 3.

(a) Given below is the diagram of an experimental set up to study the process of transpiration inplants. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow [5]

(i) What is the colour of dry cobalt chloride paper ?(ii) Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot ? Give a reason to support your answer.

(iii) Why are glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers ?(iv) After about half an hour what change, if any, would you expect to find in the cobalt

chloride paper placed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the leaf ? Give a reason to sup-port your answer.

(v) Define the term ‘transpiration’.(b) (i) Draw a neat diagram of a single Malpighian corpuscle and label the following parts

Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Afferent arteriole, and Efferent arteriole.(ii) Name and define the process that occurs in the Glomerulus. [5]

Answer :(a) (i) Blue

(ii) DicotReason - Reticulate venation.

(iii) To make the better contact of cobalt chloride paper with the leaf and to preventabsorption of water from the air.

(iv) More transpiration occurs on dorsal side because, blue cobalt chloride turnspink on dorsal side (lower side) much earlier than ventral side (upper side).

2003


(v) Transpiration is a process during which water in the form of water vapoursis lost from the exposed aerial parts of the plant.

(b) (i)

(ii) Ultrafiltration : Filtration taking place under tremendous pressure.

Question 4.(a) (i) From where to where do the following blood vessels carry blood ? [5]

(1) Hepatic vein.(2) Hepatic portal vein.(ii) State any four major activities of the Red Cross Society.(iii) Define ‘birth rate.’

(b) Differentiate between any five of the following : [5](i) Blood plasma and serum.

(ii) Antiseptic and disinfectant.(iii) Catabolism and anabolism.(iv) Pleural fluid and pericardial fluid.(v) Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

(vi) Structure of the sperm and the structure of the ovum.Answer :

(a) (i) 1. Liver to heart 2.Stomach and intestine to liver(ii) 1. Educates people on first aid and related skills.

2.To look after maternal and child welfare activities.3.To arrange for ambulance during emergencies.4.To procure and supply blood to the needy victims of war.5.To educate people in accident preventions.

(iii) It is the number of children born per 1000 living person, per year.(b) (i) Blood plasma Serum

contains fibrin does not contain fibrin(ii) Antiseptic Disinfectant

can be applied on body cannot be applied on body

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

GLOMERULUS

AFFERENT

ARTERIOLE

Biology, | 777

VAS DEFERENS

EPIDIDYMIS

SEMINAL VESICLES

TESTIS

(iii) Anabolism CatabolismIt is a constructive, i. e. , It is a destructive, i.e.,a building up process. a breaking up process.

(iv) Pleural PericardialProtects lungs Protects heart

(v) Aerobic AnaerobicOccurs in presence of O2 Occurs in absence of O2

(v) Sperm OvumHas a distinct head and tail Large, rounded, non-motile form reception cone

to engulf the spermQuestion 5.

(a) Given below is the outline of the cross-section of the male reproductive system : [5]

(i) Copy the outline on to your answer sheet with pencil and label the following parts : testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, vas deferens.

(ii) Name the hormone produced by the testis.(iii) Why are sperms produced in large numbers ?(iv) State the function of the seminal vesicles.

(b) Define the following terms, giving one example of each :- [5](i) Alleles

(ii) Hormones(iii) Exocrine glands(iv) Active transport(v) Gaseous pollutant.

Answer :(a) (i)

(ii) Testosterone(iii) Because many sperms perish due to the acidic environment of the uterus.

2003


(iv) To provide energy for sperms.(b) (i) Different forms of the same gene. Alleles producing black and white hair is an

example.(ii) Secretions from endocrine glands which acts on target cells. e.g. Thyroxine.

(iii) The glands which pour their secretions with the help of ducts. e.g. Sweat glands.(iv) Process of forcibly carrying solutes from their region of low concentration to

high concentration by using energy. e.g. In the root, solutes are taken up fromthe soil through active transport.

(v) The gas which when present alters and affects the atmosphere is called gaseouspollutant. e.g., SO2.

Question 6.(a) The diagram below represents a certain category of blood vessels showing the role of a special

structure in their walls :- [5]

(i) Name the kind of blood vessels shown.(ii) Name the structures shown inside the blood vessels.

(iii) Describe the role of these structures.(iv) Are these structures present in any other kind of blood vessel ? If so, name it.(v) Towards which side of the figure (top or bottom) is the heart located ?

(b) (i) What are the age restrictions for marriage by law for boys and girls in India ? [5](ii) Name two surgical techniques (one for the human male and another for the human

female) that can be used to prevent pregnancy in the female.(iii) Give two advantages of a small family.

Answer :(i) Vein

(ii) Valves(iii) Prevent backflow of blood during contraction of heart.(iv) Lymph vessels(v) Top

(b) (i) Boys - 21 yearsGirls - 18 years

(ii) Males- Vasectomy; Females - Tubectomy(iii) 1. It provides sufficient facilities to children.

2. Standard of living of family is raised.

DIRECTION OF

BLOOD FLOW

Biology, | 779

Question 7.(a) Given below is a diagram representing a stage during mitotic cell division in an animal cell :

(i) Identify the above stage. Give a reason to support your answer. [5]

(b) (i) They regain their turgor pressure.(ii) The tree gives CO2, at night due to respiration. Moreover, there is no photosyn-

thesis at night.(iii) Much water is lost by sweat during summer and during winter much water has

to be reabsorbed.(iv) Biconcave discs — So that they can travel in a single profile and squeeze through

narrow capillaries.Mitochondria absent — So that they should not use oxygen for themselves.

(v) (a) It interferes with human communication, comfort and health.(b) It causes anxiety, stress and high blood pressure.(c) It affects peace of mind and interrupts concentration of thought.

(v) Mitosis

1. Two daughter cells are formed.

2. Same number of chromosomes asthat of parent cell.

Meiosis

1. Four daughter cells are formed.

2. Half the number of chromo-somes as that of parent cell.

(ii) Name the cell organelle that forms the ‘aster’(iii) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, and 3.(iv) Name the stage that follows this stage of

mitosis. How can this stage be identified ?(v) Mention two points of difference between

‘mitosis’ and `meiosis with regard to:-1. The number of daughter cells formed.2. The chromosome number in the daugh-ter cells.

(b) Give one reason for each of the following :-(i) Wilted lettuce leaves if kept in cold water become crisp. [5]

(ii) It is advisable not to sleep under a tree at night.(iii) Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter.(iv) Erythrocytes are biconcave discs and lack mitochondria.(v) Noise is regarded as unwanted sound.

Answer :(a) (i) Prophase - Nuclear membrane disappears.

(ii) Centrosome(iii) 1. Centromere

2. Sister chromatids3. Spindle fibres

(iv) Metaphase - Chromosomes line up on equatorial plane.

1

2

3

NuclearMembraneDisappears

2003


ICSE PAPER – 2004

(Answer All Questions)Question 1.

(a) Name the following : [8](i) The type of gene, which in the presence of a contrasting allele, is not expressed.

(ii) The vaccine that helps to produce immunity against Polio.(iii) The canal through which the testes descend into the scrotum just before birth in a human

male child.(iv) The duct which carries urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body.(v) The bacteria which carries out the process of nitrification.

(vi) The respiratory pigment present in Erythrocytes.(vii) The tissue that transports manufactured starch from the leaves to all parts of the plant.(viii) The structure where photo phosphorylation takes place.

(b) Given below are certain biological statements which are incomplete and hence incorrect. Re-write the correct form of the statement by inserting a suitable word/words at the right place.Do not delete any word already given in the statement. Underline the inserted word/words. [8]

(i) Fertilisation is the product of egg nucleus and sperm nucleus.(ii) Diapedesis is the process of movement of corpuscles through capillary walls.

(iii) Destarching a plant means removing the starch from the plant.(iv) Death rate is the number of deaths of the given population per year.(v) Residual volume is the volume of air left in the lungs after expiration.

(vi) The splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions is termed pho-tolysis.

(vii) Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves of the plant.(viii) A reflex action is a spontaneous response to a stimulus.

(c) Give one point of difference between the following pairs on the basis of what is indicated inbrackets. [8]

(i) Cobalt chloride paper and Goat’s bladder (process where it is used).(ii) Rod and Cone cells (pigment).

(iii) Red blood corpuscles and white blood corpuscles (origin).(iv) Inspired air and Expired air (% of oxygen).(v) Cerebrum and Spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and axons of neurons).

(vi) Prostrate gland and Cowper’s gland (the nature of secretion).(vii) Pleura and Pericardium (location).(viii) Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve (place where it is present).

Biology, | 781

(d) Given below is a table consisting of a set of items belonging to a common category. Completethe table by filling in the CATEGORY and the ODD TERM : [8]

SET CATEGORY ODD TERM

(i) TAB, BCG , DPT,Penicillin

(ii) Semi-circular canals, Malleus,Cochlea,Utriculus, Sacculus.

(iii) Vacuole, Ribosome,Mitochondria, Centrosome.

(iv) Steroids, Cortisone, Testosterone, Adrenalin, Prolactin.

(e) (1) Given below are sets of terms. In each case, re-write the terms in the correct order so as tobe in logical sequence. One has been done for you. e.g., Urea in blood, collecting tubule,glomerulus, distal convoluted tubule, urine. [4]

Urea in blood, glomerulus, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, urine.(i) Metaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Anaphase.

(ii) Pharynx, Trachea, Larynx, Bronchi, Nostril, Lungs.(iii) Cortical cell, Root hair, Xylem, Water, Veins.(iv) Luteal phase, Follicular phase, Menstrual phase, Ovulatory phase.(2) State whether the following statements are true and false. Correct and rewrite the false

statements by changing either the first word or the last word only : [4](i) ‘DUP’ is the first heart sound.

(ii) Platelets which disintegrate in the injured tissue cells release prothrombin.(iii) Respiration is a catabolic process.(iv) Cytokinesis is a division of cytoplasm.

Answer :(a) (i) Recessive gene (ii) Salk’s vaccine (iii) Inguinal canal (iv) Urethra

(v) Nitrifying bacteria (vi) Haemoglobin (vii) Phloem(viii) Granum of Chloroplast

(b) (i) Fertilisation is the product of fusion of egg nucleus and sperm nucleus.(ii) Diapedesis is the process of movement of white blood corpuscles through cap-

illary walls.(iii) Destarching a plant means removing the starch from the leaves of plant.(iv) Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 of living of the given population

per year.(v) Residual volume is the volume of air left in the lungs after forcible expiration.

(vi) The splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions with thehelp of light is termed as photolysis.

(vii) Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapours from the leavesof the plant.

2004


(viii) A reflex action is an instantaneous response to a stimulus.(c) (i) Cobalt chloride Paper Goat’s bladder

Cobalt chloride paper is Goat’s bladder is used forused for transpiration. osmosis.

(ii) Rod Cells Cone CellsRod cells contain the Cone cells contain the pigmentpigment Rhodopsin. Iodopsin.

(iii) Red Blood Corpuscles White Blood CorpusclesRed Blood corpuscles White Blood corpuscles havehave their origin in their origin in Lymph NodesBone Marrow.

(iv) Inspired air Expired airIt consists of 20.96% of It consists of 16.4% of oxygen.oxygen.

(v) Cerebrum Spinal CordIn cerebrum cytons In spinal cord cytons areare on the outer side on the inner side and axonsand axons on the inner are on the outer side.side.

(vi) Prostrate gland Cowper’s glandIt gives an alkaline Cowper’s gland pourssecretion, pours into the out secretion which servessemen as it passes through as a lubricant.the urethra.

(vii) Pleura PericardiumPleura is the outer Pericardium is thecovering of the lungs. outer covering of heart.

(viii) Bicuspid Valve Tricuspid valveBicuspid valve is located Tricuspid valve is locatedon the left side of heart. on the right side of heart.

(d) SET CATEGORY ODD TERM

(i) TAB, BCG, DPT, Vaccines PenicillinPenicillin

(ii) Semi-circular canals, Parts of inner ear MalleusMalleus, Cochlea,Utriculus, Sacculus.

(iii) Vacuole, Ribosome, Plant cell organelles concerned CentrosomeMitochondria, with food storage and synthesisCentrosome.

(iv) Steroids, Cortisone, Hormones SteroidsTestosterone,Adrenalin, Prolactin.

Biology, | 783

(e) 1. (i) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

(ii) Nostril, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs

(iii) Water, Root hair, Cortical Cell, Xylem, Veins

(iv) Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, Ovulatory phase, Luteal phase. [4]

2.(i) False (ii) False (iii) True (iv) True

Correct statements.

(i) LUBB is the first heart sound.

(ii) Platelets which disintegrate in the injured tissue cells release Thrombokinase/Thromboplastin.

(Answer any FOUR Questions)

Question 2.

(a) Given alongside is a diagrammatic representationof a certain part of the process of circulation ofblood in man. Study the same and then answerthe questions that follow :

(i) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 4 and 6.

(ii) Give the number and name of the vesselwhich contains themaximum amount of urea a few hours aftera protein rich meal.

(iii) Draw a neat, labelled diagram of the crosssectional view of the blood vesselnumbered 3.

(iv) Mention two structural differences betweenblood vessels ‘3’and ‘8’ [6]

(b) Briefly describe the following terms and thenanswer as directed after each :

(i) Antiseptic. Name an antiseptic.

(ii) Biodegradable Pollutants. Name one.

(iii) Ozone hole. When is the International Ozone Day observed ?

(iv) Green House effect. Name a phenomenon that is caused due to the green house effect. [4]

Answer :

(a) (i) 1 �� Pulmonary Artery

2 �� Pulmonary Veins

4 �� Renal Artery

6 �� Hepatic Artery

(ii) 5 �� Hepatic vein

2004


LUMEN

WAVY ELASTIC MEMBRANE

ENDOTHELIUM

EXTERNAL LAYER(Connective tissue)

MIDDLE LAYER (Smoothmuscle and elastic fibres)

(b) (i) Antiseptic : These are mild chemical substances, which when applied onthe body, kill germs. Lysol, Boric Acid is an antiseptic.

(ii) Biodegradable Pollutants : Biodegradable pollutants are substances that can bebroken down or decomposed by micro-organisms and dispersed.

Example : Human excreta, vegetable peelings.

(iii) Ozone hole : The partial depletion of ozone layer due to CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons) used in refrigeration and aerosol sprayers are known as ozone holes.

International ozone day is observed on 16th September.

(iv) Green House Effect : Increase in CO2 and other green house gases has led toincrease in the temperature of the Earth due to a special property of CO2 inabsorbing and reflecting infrared radiations re-emitted from earth’s surface.

Global warming and coastal flooding is caused due to green house effect.

Question 3.

(a) This part is not included in the syllabus for march 2005 examination and onwards.

(b) Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces 1 to 8 :-

Name of the Gland Substance produced One important function

Islets of 1 ........................... 2 ...........................

Langerhans

3 ........................... Adrenaline 4 ...........................

5 ........................... Thyroxine 6

7 ........................... LH 8 ........................... [4]

Artery

(a) Three-layered wall.

Middle layer is thick and elastic.

(b) It has a narrower lumen.

(c) Valves are absent in its inner lining.

(iv) Veins

The middle elastic tissue layer

is thin and less muscular.

It has a wider lumen.

Valves are generally present.

(iii) T.S. Artery

Biology, | 785

Answer :

Name of the gland Substance produced One important function

Islets of Langerhans 1. (a) Insulin 2.(a) Promotes glucose

(b) Glucagon uptake by body cells.

(c) Somatostatin (b) Stimulates liver to convert

glycogen into glucose.

(c) Inhibits secretion of insulin

and glucagon. (Any one)

3. Adrenal Medulla Adrenaline 4. Prepares the body to meetany emergency situation forfight or “flight”.

5. Thyroid gland Thyroxine 6. Thyroxin regulates thebasal metabolism, ossification of bones and mental de-velopment.

7. Anterior Lobe of LH (Luteinizing 8. Ovulation, maintenance of

pituitary gland Hormone) corpus luteum and secretionof progesterone in femalesand testosterone in males.

Question 4.

(a) The diagram given alongside is an experimental set up todemonstrate the production of CO2 during aerobic respi-ration in germinating seeds. Study the same and then an-swer the questions that follow :

(i) Explain the purpose of placing potassium hydroxidein the conical flask.

(ii) Will the level of water in the delivery tube rise orfall after a few hours ? Justify your answer.

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of the control experiment for the above experiment.

(iv) Represent the process of aerobic respiration in the form of a chemical equation.

(b) This part is not included in the syllabus for march 2005 examination and onwards.

Answer :

(i) To absorb CO2 given out by germinating seeds.

(ii) Rise; Germinating seeds give up CO2 which will be absorbed by KOH as aresult vacuum will be created and to fill up that vacuum water will rise.

KOH SOLUTIONWATER LEVEL

[6]

2004


KOH SOLUTION

ANTISEPTIC

DEADSEEDS

WATER LEVEL

(iii)

Dead seeds with antiseptic will be taken. These seeds will not germinate,neither they will produce CO2 nor will the water rise.

(iv) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP

Question 5.

(a) Given below is a diagrammatic representation of the ventral sectional view of the female repro-ductive system :

(i) Redraw the same on your answer sheet and then fill in and label the following parts :

(1) Right ovary (2) Uterus (3) Placenta (4) Embryo (5) Amnion (6) Oviducal funnel.

(ii) State the function of the :

(1) Placenta ; (2) Amniotic fluid.

(iii) Using the symbol ‘X’ indicate the region in the diagram where fertilization occurs.

(iv) Differentiate between identical twins and fraternal twins. [6]

(b) (i) Name :

(1) The tube which connects the cavity of the middle ear with the throat.

(2) The nerves which transmit impulses from the ear to the brain.

(ii) Differentiate between the following pairs :

(1) Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus.

(2) Acromegaly and Myxoedema. [4]

Biology, | 787

Answer :

(a) (i)

(ii) 1. Placenta : Placenta is permeable to respiratory gases, nutrients and alsoantibodies but it does not allow the passage of germs from the mother to thefoetus.

Secondly placenta also act as an endocrine gland and produces the hormonescalled estrogens and progesterone.

2. Amniotic fluid : Amniotic fluid is the one which fills the space betweenthe amnion and the embryo. This fluid acts as a cushion for the embryo andprotects it from jerks or mechanical shocks; it also prevents sticking of thefoetus to the amnion.

(iii) X has been marked. It is the place where fertilization occurs.

(iv)

(b) (i) (1) Eustachian tube

(2) Auditory nerves.

(ii)

Fraternal Twins

1.Fraternal twins are produced fromtwo eggs.

2.No splitting of eggs take place.

3.Offsprings produced may be ofsame sex or either sex (male orfemale).

Identical Twins

Identical twins are produced froma single fertilised egg.

Fertilised egg splits into two parts;each part behaves as an indepen-dent egg.

Offsprings produced are always ofthe same sex.

Diabetes mellitus

1.When concentration of glucose in-crease in the blood as well as in urine,It is named as Diabetes mellitus.

2.This is due to inadequate secretion ofInsulin.

Diabetes insipidus

1. There is no sugar in urine it isnamed as Diabetes insipidus.

2.This is due to deficiency of vaso-pressin (ADH).

UTERUS

PLACENTA

OVIDUCAL FUNNEL RIGHT OVARY

AMNION

EMBRYO

2004

X


Question 6.

(a) Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye. Study the same and then answerthe questions that follow : [6]

(i) Name the defect shown in the diagram.

(ii) Give two possible reasons for this defect of the eye in human beings.

(iii) Name the parts labelled 1 to 4.

(iv) Name the type of lens used to correct this eye defect.

(v) Draw a labelled diagram to show how the above mentioned defect is rectified using thelens and named above.

(b) (i) Mention two reasons for the increase of population in India. [4]

(ii) Write the full form of NADP and ADP.

(iii) Mention two functions of WHO.

Answer :

(a) (i) Myopia.

(ii) Two possible reasons for Myopia are

(a) eyeball is lengthened from front to back

(b) lens is too curved.

(iii) (1) � Vitreous Humour (2) � Yellow spot (3) � Lens (4) � Pupil.

(iv) Concave lens is used to correct this eye defect.

(v)

A concave lens diverges the light rays as a result, the image is now formed onthe retina.

Acromegaly

Oversecretion of growth hormones inadults causes the bones of the hands,feet, cheeks and jaws to extra-grow andthicken and become disproportionate tothe body and this is known as acrome-galy.

Myxoedema

Undersecretion of thyroxine in adults,causes the facial muscles to swell andlook puffy. This is accompanied byslow heart rate, sensitivity to cold.This is more common in females.

1

2

34

Biology, | 789

(b) (i) The two reasons for the increase of population in India are :

(a) Illiteracy : Most of the rural population which forms bulk of our societyare still illiterate, ignorant and superstitious.

(b) Desire for a male child : Most Indian families still hold the view that amale child is essential for keeping up the name of the family. Further, amale child is usually a great help to the aged parents. These two reasonscontribute to getting several children before getting one son or sometimesnot even that.

(ii) NADP ��Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

ADP �� Adenosine Diphosphate.

(iii) Two functions of WHO are :

(a) To collect and supply information about the occurrence of diseases of epi-demic nature.

(b) To promote and support projects for research on diseases.

Question 7.

(a) Give biological reasons for the following : [6]

(i) It is necessary to maintain a normal osmotic concentration of the blood.

(ii) People on reaching high altitude may suffer from unsteady vision, loss of hearing,lack of muscular co-ordination and even complete blackout.

(iii) Salt and sugar are used in preserving food.

(iv) A tiger owes its existence to chlorophyll.

(v) Some plants show wilting of their leaves during mid-day even when the soil is wellwatered.

(vi) On sprinkling common salt on grass growing in a lawn, the grass is killed.

(b) (i) Draw a neat diagram of the stomatal apparatus found in the epidermis of leaves andlabel the Stoma, Guard cells, Chloroplast, Epidermal cells, Cell wall and Nucleus. [4]

(ii) Complete the following process to show how the oxygen in the air reaches a mesophyllcell of the leaf :

Oxygen in air �� Mesophyll cell.

Answer :

(a) (i) To allow the exchange of digested food materials (nutrient and gases) withthe cells of the body, it is necessary that the osmotic concentration of the bloodshould be normal.

(ii) As we go higher up, the air we breathe in decreases in pressure accompaniedby a gradual decrease in oxygen content. At this state, the blood becomesmore venous by accumulation of more CO2 and this condition is known asASPHYXIATION. The blood pressure also increases inside the blood vessels.Thus, people on reaching high altitude may suffer from unsteady vision,loss of hearing, lack of muscular coordination and even complete back out.

(iii) Salt and sugar are used in preserving food, because these bring up plasmolysisof the microbial cells present in food as a result the food remain saved orpreserved for a longer time.

2004


(iv) A tiger owes its existence due to chlorophyll.

Green plants prepare their own food with the help of chlorophyll. These greenplants are taken by herbivores and further herbivores are taken by carnivores.

Without chlorophyll no herbivores will exist and without herbivores no carnivoreswill exist.

(v) Some plants show wilting of their leaves during mid day even when the soil iswell watered due to more transpiration then absorption.

(vi) On sprinkling common salt on grass growing in a lawn, the grass is killed due toplasmolysis of grass cells due to build up of concentration gradient.

(b) (i)

(ii) Oxygen in the air �� stomata �� intercellular space �� mesophyll cell.

ICSE PAPER – 2005

(Answer All Parts in this Section)Question 1.

(a) Name the following : [5](i) The organ that produces urea.

(ii) The organization that suggests quarantine measures to prevent the spread of diseases.(iii) The tissue lining the inner part of the cheek of man.(iv) Mutually beneficial association of two living organisms.(v) The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax.

(b) Choose the odd one out from each of the following sets, giving the reason for your choice :[5](i) AIDS, Small pox, Diphtheria, Measles.

(ii) Mitral valve, Sinoatrial node, Aorta, Pulmonary vein.

CHLOROPLASTS

NUCLEUS

CELL WALL

NUCLEUS

EPIDERMAL CELL

STOMA

GUARD CELL

Biology, | 791

Oil

Test Tube

Water

A B

(iii) Fat droplet, Glycogen, Cell membrane, Starch.(iv) Carbolic acid, Mercurochrome, Phenol, Benzoic acid.(v) Basophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils.

(c) Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 10 : [5]

Gland Secretions Effects on Body

1 Oestrogen 2

Alpha cells of 3 4Pancreas5 6 Protruding eyesLachrymal 7 8

9 10 Gigantism.

(d) State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, rewrite the correct statementby changing the first or last word only : [5]

(i) Hormones are secreted directly into the organs.(ii) Photosynthesis occurs in all the cells of a plant.

(iii) Antibodies are obtained from fungi and bacteria.(iv) Vasectomy is the surgical method of sterilization in men.

(e) Give these exact location and one function of each of the following structures : [5](i) Meninges (ii) Lenticels (iii) Chordae tendinae (iv) Amnion (v) Thylakoids.

(f) Given below in the box are a set of 14 biological terms. Of these, 12 can be paired into 6 matchingpairs. Of the six pairs, one has been done for you as an example. Write out the remaining 5matching pairs made by you as ‘1 to 5’.

Vein, Kidney, Artery, Androgen, Water Pollutants, Myopia, Leydig cells, Thoracic cavity, Narrowlumen, Lungs, Uriniferous tubule, Pleural cavity, Insecticides, Concave lens.

Example : Myopia — Concave lens. [5](g) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions

that follow :(i) Explain the physiological process being studied.

(ii) What will be observed in the two test tubes after twoto three days ?

(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (ii) above.(iv) Why is the surface of water covered with oil ?(v) State the purpose of setting up test tube B. [5]

(h) Given below are five sets of terms. In each case, arrange andre-write each set of terms so as to be in logical sequence :-

(i) Right auricle, Pulmonary vein, Post and Pre Vena Cava, Lungs, Right ventricle, Pulmonaryartery, Left auricle.

(ii) Posterior Vena Cava, Renal artery, Aorta, Renal vein, Kidney.(iii) Dorsal root ganglion, Receptor, Effector, Ventral root ganglion, Associated neuron.(iv) Graafian follicle, Ostium, Ovum, Uterus, Fallopian tube.(v) Yellow spot, conjunctiva, Pupil, Cornea, Lens, Vitreous humour, Aqueous humour. [5]

2005


Answer :(a) (i) Liver (ii) World Health organisation (WHO)

(iii) Epithelial Tissue -Squamous epithelium(iv) Symbiotism or Symbiosis. (v) Ventricular diastole.

(b) (i) Diphtheria : It is because, diphtheria is the only disease which is not caused byvirus. Rest all are caused by virus.

(ii) Sino-atrial node or SAN : It is the pacemaker located in the walls of the rightauricle which starts the heart beat. Rest all are concerned either with the flow ofblood or are the blood vessels.

(iii) Cell membrane : It is a covering of the cell whereas all others are the contents ofthe cell.

(iv) Phenol : It is a disinfectant whereas others are not, they are mild antiseptics.(v) Monocytes : It is because monocytes are non-granulocytes whereas all other are

granulocytes (granular leucocytes).(c) 1. Ovary

2. Brings about puberty changes and induces secondary sexual characters. In maturewoman, the oestrogens prepare the wall of the uterus in anticipation of receivinga fertilised egg.

3. Glucagon.4. It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose, thus it raises the

glucose level in the blood.5. Thyroid gland.6. Over secretion of Thyroxine.7. Tears (Tear secretion).8. * Lubricate the surface of the eye. * Wash away dust particles.

* Help in killing germs. * Communicate emotions.9. Pituitary gland.

10. Oversecretion of growth hormone.(d) (i) False. Hormones are secreted directly into the blood.

(ii) False. Respiration occurs in all the cells of a plant.(iii) False. Antibiotics are obtained from fungi and bacteria.(iv) True.

(e) (i) Meninges – It is the protective membranous covering of the brain which is contin-ued backward on the spinal cord.Function – It surrounds and protects brain’s delicate parts. It also protects brainfrom external shocks and mechanical injuries.

(ii) Lenticels – They are the minute openings which never close and are present on theold stems.Function – They allow respiratory gases to pass in and out and also take part intranspiration.

(iii) Chordae Tendinae - They are tendon - like fibrous cords that connect the free,lower pointed ends of valves to small conical projections called papillary muscles,located on the inner surface of the ventricles.

Biology, | 793

Function – Their function is to hold in position the tricuspid and the bicuspidvalves, therefore, helping them to close and open. They also prevent valves to bepushed into auricles during contraction of ventricles.

(iv) Amnion – Amnion is a sac which develops around the embryo even before theformation of allantois (in the uterus of the mother).Function – This sac gives protection (mechanical) to the embryo as the amnioticfluid present in the amnion sac acts as a cushion for the embryo and protects itfrom jerks or mechanical shocks.

(v) Thylakoids – They are the closely packed flattened sacs arranged in piles incolourless ground substance (stroma) of the chloroplasts in the leaf cells of theplant. (i.e. in palisade cells and in spongy cells of leaves).Function – In the walls of the thylakoids is contained the pigment chlorophyllwhich has the ability to convert light energy of sun into chemical energy like ATPand NADPH.

(f) 1. Kidney - Uriniferous tubule. 2. Artery - Narrow lumen.3. Androgen - Leydig cells. 4. Lungs - Pleural cavity.5. Water pollutants - Insecticides.

(g) (i) The process being studied is termed as transpiration. Transpiration is a physi-ological process during which water in the form of water vapour is lost from theinternal tissues of plants, through the aerial parts of the plant.

(ii) After two to three days, we will observe that, the level of water is dropped slightly intest tube A whereas, there is no change in the level of water in the test tube B.

(iii) The reason of the drop in level of water in the test tube A is due to transpiration.As a leafy shoot is placed in water in the test tube, water will be lost as transpi-ration from the leaves. Due to this water loss, the concentration of cell sap in-creases which leads to endosmosis. As a result of this water is absorbed by rootswhich is further sent to the leaves. So, there is a drop in the level of water in testtube A. But in test tube B, there is no leafy shoot, so no transpiration and no waterintake and hence no drop in the level of water in test tube B.

(iv) The surface of water is covered with oil in order to prevent evaporation of waterin the test tube by any external agent. Otherwise, the purpose of experiment (dem-onstrating the process of transpiration) would not be fulfilled as water loss wouldnot only by transpiration but also by evaporation.

(v) Test tube B is set up as control. It is an experimental (for inference) set-up in whichthe main factor is absent for the process. It means whenever you observe it, theresults remain same. A control is set-up for better demonstration of the experi-ment.

(h) (i) Post and Pre Vena Cava �� Right auricle ��Right ventricle �� Pulmonaryartery �� Lungs �� Pulmonary vein �� Left auricle.

(ii) Aorta �� Renal artery �� Kidney ��Renal vein ��Posterior Vena Cava.(iii) Receptor ��Dorsal root ganglion ��Associated neuron ��Ventral root ganglion

�� Effector.(iv) Graffian follicle ��Ovum ��Ostium ��Fallopian tube ��Uterus.(v) Conjunctiva ��Cornea ��Aqueous humour ��Pupil ��Lens ��Vitreous

humour �� Yellow spot.

2005


(Answer any FOUR questions)Question 2.

(a) Given below is the diagram of a cell. Study the same and answer the questions that follow :(i) Name the parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicated by

the guidelines.(ii) State the functions of parts 2 and 4.

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of the organelle ‘5’as seen under the electron microscope.

[5](b) (i) Explain the term Plasmolysis. Give one application of this phenomenon in our daily life.

(ii) Enumerate the steps involved in testing a green leaf for the presence of starch.(iii) What is Ganong's Potometer used for ? Write any two limitations of this apparatus. [5]

Answer :(a) (i) 1. Centrosome 2. Golgi bodies 3. Nucleoplasm / chromatin fibres 4. Nucleolus

(ii) Golgi bodies (Golgi apparatus) : It is composed of membrane - bound flattenedsacs pilled up in stacks. It is well developed in secretory cells. Its functions include :(a) production of glycoproteins: (b) production of secretory enzymes; (c) transportand storage of lipids; (d) formation of lysosomes.Nucleolus : One or more spherical bodies, occupying up to 25% of nuclear volume.It helps in the formation of ribosomes. Which play a key role in protein synthesis.They are more prominent in cells that synthesize large amounts of protein, such asmuscle and liver cells.

(iii)

(b) (i) Plasmolysis is the phenomenon of the contraction of cytoplasm from the cell wallcaused due to withdrawal of water when placed in a strong (hypertonic) solution.For example, salting of meat or addition of salts to pickles is a method of killingbacteria or germs by plasmolysis - water is drawn out of the germ cells by thisprocess.

(ii) * Dip the leaf in boiling water for a minute to kill the cells.* Boil the leaf in methylated spirit over a water bath till it becomes pale white due

to the removal of chlorophyll. The leaf now becomes hard and brittle.* Place it again in hot water to soften it.* Spread the leaf in a dish and pour iodine solution on it. Presence of starch will

be indicated by a blue - black colour. A leaf without starch will show browncolouration.

(iii) Ganong’s potometer is used to measure the rate of transpiration.

1

2

3

4

5

Matrix (site of Kreb’scycle activity) Crista (gives large

surface area forenzyme

attachmentInner membrane (siteof electron transport

and oxidativephosphorylation)

Outer membrane(permeable to allowdiffusion of material)

Stalked particle

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

Crista

Matrix

Fig. Structure of a mitochondrion Fig. T.S of a mitochondrion

Biology, | 795

Limitation :1. Introducing the air bubble is not so easy.2. Any change in the outside air temperature or the humidity may affect the position

of air bubble in the capillary tube.Question 3.

(a) Given below is the diagrammatic representation ofthe transverse section of a part of a plant. Studythe same and answer the questions that follow :

(i) Name the part of the plant that is shown.(ii) Label the part 1 to 6, indicated in the dia-

gram.(iii) Write the functions of part 3 and 5.] [5]

(b) (i) Fill in the blanks to complete the chemical equations. Name the process in each case. (1) ___________ + 6O2 �� _____________ + ______________ + 38 A.T.P. (2) ____________ � � � � �� ______________ + ______________ + 2 A.T.P.

(ii) State the difference between Anaerobic respiration in plants and in man. [5]Answer :

(a) (i) The part of the plant that is shown in the transverse section of the young dicot root.(ii) 1. Root hair 2. Epidermis 3. Cortex / parenchyma cells

4. Endodermis 5. Phloem 6. Xylem (iii) Function of cortex : Its function is to conduct radially the water absorbed by the

root hairs to the xylem of the vascular bundles of the stele.Function of Phloem : It translocates organic food or material from the leaves to allother parts including the roots.

(b) (i) (1) C6H12 O6 + 6O2 � �� 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38A.T.P.

(2) C6H12O6 � �� 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2A.T.P.In the first case, aerobic respiration takes place and in the second case, anaerobicrespiration takes place in plants.

(ii)

Question 4.(a) Study the figures A, B and C show below and answer the questions that follow :

6 5 3 21

Anaerobic respiration in plants

1. The end products are ethanol(C2H5OH) and carbon dioxide.

2. More heat energy is released.

3. CO2 is released causes foaming.

Anaerobic respiration in man

1. The end products are lactic acid.

2. Less heat energy is released.

3. No carbon dioxide, so no foaming.

AB C

2005

4


(i) Name the blood vessel shown in A.(ii) Name the two blood cells in A. Give one structural difference between the two blood cells.

(iii) Name the process taking place in ‘A’ and in ‘B’. State the importance of each process. [5](b) (i) What is meant by Power of accommodation of the eye ? Name the muscles of the eye

responsible for the same.(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the inner ear. Name the part of the inner ear that is responsible

for static balance in human beings. [5]Answer :

(a) (i) The blood vessel shown in A is capillary.(ii) The two blood cells in A are white blood cells (WBC’s) and red blood cells (RBC’s).

Red blood cells are minute, biconcave, disc like structures, flat in the centre andthick and round at the periphery whereas white blood cells are amoeboid shaped.RBC’s contain haemoglobin whereas WBC’s lack it.

(iii) Process taking place in A is diapedesis and process taking place in B is phagocytosis.Diapedesis is the ability to pass through capillary walls. When an inflammationoccurs due to localised invasion of germs or due to an injury to the tissue, WBC’ssqueeze through the walls of capillaries by diapedesis and destroy germs there.Phagocytosis is a process in which most WBC’s and particularly the neutrophilsengulf solid particle like substances especially bacteria. It is a defensive mechanismagainst disease causing germs.

(b) (i) Adjustment of the eye in order to assure clear vision of objects at different distancesis called power of accommodation of the eye. It is the ciliary muscles of the eyewhich are responsible for it.

(ii) Sensory cells of utriculus andsacculus (Macula) are responsible forstatic (positional) balauco. Part of theear responsible for dynamic balancein human being is : ampulla. Innerear consists of three fluid filledcanals called semicircular canalswhich are arranged at right anglesto each other. One end of each canalis widened to form an ampullawhich contains sensory cells fordynamic balance.

Question 5.(a) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of the kidney.

(ii) Briefly describe the formation of Glomerular filtrate(iii) Explain the term Osmoregulation. [5]

(b) Give one point of difference between the following pairs on the basis of what is indicated inbrackets :

(i) Ribosome and Mitochondria (function)(ii) Medulla oblongata and Cerebellum (function).

(iii) Implantation and Gestation (definition)(iv) Open and Closed Vascular bundle (structure).(v) Isobilateral leaf and Dorsiventral leaf (type of venation). [5]

Malleus

Stapes

Pinna

Ear DrumEustachian tube

Cochlea

Auditory nerve

Semicircularcanal

Biology, | 797

Answer :(a) (i)

(ii) Each kidney is made of excretory units called nephrons. Each nephron has a cupshaped upper end, called bowman’s capsule containing a bundle of capillaries calledglomerulus. The blood flows through the glomerulus under great pressure and thisfiltration under pressure is called ultrafiltration. The liquid entering the renaltubule after filtration is called glomerular filtrate or primary urine. It containsurea, glucose, uric acid, salts, and large amounts of water. As this filtrate passesthrough the tubular parts of nephron, useful products, such as glucose, aminoacids are reabsorbed by blood capillaries surrounding the nephron. The nephronsdrain the waste into a space inside kidney leading to the ureter.

(iii) The process of maintaining the right amount of water and proper ionic balance inthe body is termed osmoregulation. It is important so as to keep the rightconcentration of blood plasma and this is done by the kidney.

(b) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Question 6.(a) Given below is a diagrammatic representation of the alveoli and its capillary network :

(i) Name the parts labelled 1 and 2.(ii) Which type of blood flows through the part labelled ‘1’ ?

(iii) Mention any two characteristic features of the alveoli that enable it to perform its functionof exchange of respiratory gases.

Renal vein

Renal arteryPelvis

Ureter

Cortex

Medulla

Ribosomes

They help is protein synthesis.

Medulla oblongata

It is the regulating centre for involuntaryactions as swallowing, coughing, sneezingand vomiting.

Implantation

The close attachment of the embryo withthe uterus is called implantation. Itproduces the state of pregnancy.

Mitochondria

They help in the oxidation of pyruvic acid andrelease of energy in the form of ATP.

Cerebellum

It controls the coordination and adjustment ofmovement and posture.

Gestation

The development of foetus inside the uterus tillbirth is called gestation. In humans it lasts for280 days and it is calculated from the first dayof the last menstrual cycle.

Open Vascular bundle

1. They contain cambium in between xylemand phloem.

2. Phloem and xylem do not lie in directcontact with each other.

Closed Vascular bundle

1. The cambium is absent in between xylemand phloem.

2. Phloem and xylem occur in direct contactwith each other.

Isobilateral leaf

These type of leaves are present in monocotsand they have parallel venation.

Dorsiventral leaf

These type of leaves are present in dicotsand they have reticulate venation.

2005


(iv) Explain the following respiratory volumes :(1) Vital capacity. (2) Inspiratory Reserve Volume.

[5](b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a myelinated neuron.

(ii) Explain the difference between a sensory nerve and a motor nerve.(iii) Differentiate between :

(1) Nitrogen fixation and Nitrification. (2) Passive Immunity and Active Immunity. [5]Answer :

(a) (i) 1. Pulmonary vein. 2. Pulmonary artery.(ii) Oxygenated blood : flows through the part labelled ‘1’.

(iii) Characteristics of alveoli : (a) Larger surface area and extremely thin for rapidgaseous exchange. (b) The walls of alveoli are moist and contain protein lecithin(surfactant in lungs) which helps in easier gaseous diffusion.

(iv) Vital Capacity : The volume of air that can be taken in and expelled out bymaximum inspiration and expiration is called the vital capacity. The average vitalcapacity for men is 4.5 to 5 litres and for women, it is 3.5 to 4 litres.Inspiratory Reserve Volume : Air that can be drawn in forcibly over and above thetidal air. It is also called complemental air and it determines the capacity of lungsfor complementary expansion which is required when demand of air gets increased.

(b) (i)

(ii)

(iii) 1.

1

2

Cellbody

Dendrite

Nuc

leus

Neurilemma(Thin membranesurrounding themyelin sheath)

Mye

lin s

heat

h

TerminalDendrites

Axo

n

Sensory Nerve

It brings impulse (message) from receptorsto central nervous system.

Motor Nerve

It takes away impulse (message) from centralnervous system to effectors (muscles orglands).

Nitrogen Fixation

1. It is the process of conversion ofatmospheric nitrogen into water solublenitrites and nitrates.

2. It involves micro-organisms likeRhizobium. It is also done by some blue-green algae like Nostoc and free livingbacteria like Azotobacter.

Nitrification

1. It is the process of conversion of ammoniainto nitrites and nitrates.

2. It involves micro-organisms likeNitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.

Biology, | 799

2.

Question 7.(a) The diagram shown below is the lateral Section of a testis of man. Study it carefully and answer

the questions that follow :(i) Label the parts 1 to 4 of the diagram.

(ii) State the functions of the parts labelled 1 and 2.(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of a sperm. [5]

(b) Give biological reasons for the following :(i) On a bright sunny day the leaves of certain plants roll up.

(ii) Marine fish burst when thrown under tap water.(iii) The Blood in the arteries flows in spurts.(iv) It is advisable to breathe through the nose and not through the mouth.(v) People living in hilly regions usually suffer from simple goitre. [5]

Answer :(a) (i) 1. Sperm duct (or vas deferens)

2. Seminiferous tubule3. Lobes of testis (lobule)4. Epididymis

(ii) Sperm duct : To carry sperms from the epididymis to urethra.Seminiferous tubule : It is the region where the sperms are produced by a processcalled spermatogenesis.

(iii)

(b) (i) To reduce the exposed area for minimising rate of transpiration.(ii) The salt concentration inside the body of marine fish is very high. As a result of

this, water will move inside the body of marine fish causing the fish to burst.(iii) The arteries do not have valves which can prevent the back flow of blood. Due to

this reason blood flows in spurts when ventricles contract.(iv) Nasal passage is lined with mucous and also contains hair which prevents the

entry of micro-organisms and dust particles.(v) People living in hilly regions don’t take diet rich in iodine as compared to people

living near to coastal areas who take mainly sea foods which are rich in iodinecontent.

Active Immunity

1. It is produced by the immune system ofthe body.

2. It is induced by infection or by contact withsuch agents which provide immunity suchas, vaccines, allergens, etc.

3. It provides effective and longlastingprotection.

Passive Immunity

1. It is received passively from outside.

2. It is provided by ready made antibodiesformed in some other organism.

3. It provides less-effective and short-livedprotection.

NucleusMitochondria

Axial FilamentTail

Middle PieceHead

Acrosomalcap

1

2

3

4

2005

��

bio-1

Documents