BINOCULAR VISION

SIVA TEJA CHALLABINOCULAR VISION

DEFINITIONNORMAL BINOCULAR VISIONDEVELOPMENT OF BINOCULAR VISIONTHEORIES OF BINOCULAR VISIONMECHANISM OF BINOCULAR VISIONGRADES OF BINOCULAR VISIONABNORMALITIES OF BSVINVESTIGATIONS

DEFINITIONState of simultaneous vision which is achieved by coordinated use of both eyes so that separate and slight dissimar images arising in each eye appreciated as single image by process of fusion

NORMAL BINOCULAR VISIONREQUISITESADVANTAGES

DEVELOPMENT OF BSVBEGINS AT 4 MONTHS OF AGEPEAKS 2 YRSWELL DEVELOPED 4 YRSSLOW DECLINE BY 9 YRS

THEORIES OF BINOCULAR VISIONTheory of correspondence and disparityNeurophsiological theory

Older theoriesAlternation theoryProjection theoryMotor theoryIsomorphism theory

MECHANISM OF BINOCULAR VISIONVisual axisRetinal correspondenceEgocentric localisationHoropterPannums fusional area

VISUAL AXIS

RETINAL CORRESPONDENCENormal retinal correspondenceAbnormal retinal correspondence(ARC) Harmonius arc Un harmonius arcHARMONIUS angle of anamoly= angle of strabismusUNHARMONIUS angle of anamoly< angle of strabismus

EGOCENTRIC LOCALISATION

HOROPTER

PANNUMS FUSIONAL AREA

GRADES OF BINOCULAR VISIONSIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTIONFUSIONSTEREOPSIS

RETINAL RIVALRY

ABNORMALITIES IN BSVConfusionDiplopiaSupression central vs peripheral monocular vs alternate facultative vs obligatory

INVESTIGATIONSFor retinal correspondenceFor supression1.Red filter test2.Worth FDT3.Bagolinis striate glass test4.After image testing

Red glass test

WFDT

MONOFIXATION SYNDROME

BAGOLINIS GLASS TEST

BAGOLINIS GLASS TEST

AFTER IMAGE TESTING

Stereopsis testingStereo acuity is a quantitative measure of stereopsis, it represents the smallest horizontal retinal image disparity that give rise to a sensation of depth.

Stereopsis is measured in seconds of arc.1degree=60minutes of arc, 1minute=60seconds of arc.Normal stereoacuity=