weRq Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLb c×wZ

nvRvi eQ‡ii k„•Lj gyw³

wb‡`©wkKv01 Rvbyqvix 2003weRq-2003:

DB‡ÛvR 95/ 98/ GgB/ Gb.wU /2000 /G·wc /BDwb· /jvBbv·

Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g, weRq-4.0: DB‡ÛvR 3.1/3.11

Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Ges weRq-99: DB‡ÛvR-95/98

Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨|

†jLK, ¯^Ë¡vwaKvix I cÖKvkK

†gv¯—vdv ReŸvi

cÖKvkKvjcÖ_g cÖKvk: 16 wW‡m¤^i 1988, cÖ_g wcwm ms¯‹iY t 26 gvP© 1993, wØZxq

ms¯‹iY t 01 †deªyqvwi 1998, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY t 16 wW‡m¤^i 1999, PZz_© ms¯‹iY t 30 Ryb 2000, cÂg ms¯‹iY: 14 GwcÖj 2001, lô ms¯‹iY: 01 Rvbyqvix 2003|

me©‡kl Avc‡WU: 12 Rvbyqvix 2003|

weRq-KwcivBU wbeÜb msL¨vmg~n:weRq Kx‡evW©: 3575-Kcvi, ZvwiL 26 Ryb 1989 Bs

weRq DB‡ÛvR: 7360-Kcvi, ZvwiL 20-12-2000 BsweRq g¨vK: 7361-Kcvi, ZvwiL 20-12-2000 Bs

mKj cÖKv‡ii †hvMv‡hvM

Avb›` Kw¤úDUvm©188 gwZwSj mvKz©jvi †ivW, XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k, †dvb: +88-02-7101354,

+88-02-7102527 Ges wUGÛwU-†gvevBj: 0171530452B‡gBj t ananda@bdlink.com

I‡qe mvBU: www.mustafajabbar.net

1

weRq-2003 ms¯‹i‡Yi mv‡_ wb‡`©wkKv wn‡m‡e gyw`ªZ/wWwRUvj cÖKvkbv wn‡m‡e weZi‡Yi Rb¨|

GB wb‡`©wkKvi †Kvb As‡ki bKj, d‡UvKwc, Wzwc‡KwUs, cwieZ©b, cwiea©b ev ms‡kvab Kiv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbwl× I AvBbZ `Êbxq|

2

cUf‚wgGKzk kZ‡Ki evsjv fvlv †Kej GKwU AvÂwjK fvlv bq| we‡k¦i cÖvq 35 †_‡K 40 †KvwU †jvK evsjv fvlv ev evsjv wjwc e¨envi K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ivóªfvlv evsjvi wjwc| 2002 mv‡j Avwd«Kvi ¶z`ª †`k wm‡qivwjIbI Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlv‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx H †`‡ki 54 wK‡jvwgwUvi moK cyYwbg©vY K‡i †`evi ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc H †`kwU GB HwZnvwmK wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i| GQvovI evsjv wjwc fvi‡Zi cwðg e½, wÎcyiv, gwbcyi, bvMvj¨vÛ, wg‡Rvivg, Avmvg BZ¨vw` iv‡R¨i cÖvq mKj gvby‡li fvlvq e¨envi Kiv nq| fvi‡Zi Dwoqv iv‡R¨i fvlv‡ZI (Dwoqv) e¯‘Z evsjv wjwci GKwU iƒcvš—i e¨envi Kiv nq| GQvov we‡k¦i mKjcÖv‡š— Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv Gme fvlvfvlx e¨w³, cÖwZôvb, wk¶v cÖwZôvb I wgwWqv¸‡jv GB fvlv I wjwc e¨envi K‡i| GLb Avgiv Av‡iv †ekx †MŠievwš^Z GR‡b¨ †h evsjv‡`‡k evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi †MŠi‡ev¾¡j ¯§„wZweRwoZ GKz‡k †deª“qvix‡K Avš—R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv n‡”Q| evsjv‡`k, evOvjx I evsjv wjwc e¨enviKvix mKj gvby‡li Rb¨B GwU GK cig cvIbv|evsjv, Anwgqv, gwbcyix, bvMv, Dwoqv, Z½v, PvKgv BZ¨vw` fvlvq e¨eüZ evsjv wjwc Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ 1987 mv‡ji 16 †g cÖ_g Kw¤úDUv‡i K‡¤úvR K‡i Avwg cÖKvk Kwi G †`‡ki GKwU Abb¨ mvgwqKx-hvi bvg mvßvwnK Avb›`cÎ| Gi ciciB Avwg ReŸvi Kx †evW© (Avgvi evevi ¯§„wZi cÖwZ kª×v Rvbv‡Z) Ges myb›`v (Avgvi †QvU †g‡qi bv‡g) I Avb›` (Avgvi cÖwZôv‡bi) bv‡g d›Umg~n ˆZwi Kwi| G cÖhyw³ we‡k¦i evsjv wjwc e¨enviKvix gvby‡li Rb¨ GK e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡b †`q| wKš‘ ZLbI Avgv‡`i‡K GKwU RwUj I KwVb Kx-†evW© wm‡÷g e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Zv| †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii PviwU ¯—i (bg©vj, wkdU, Ackb I wkdU Ackb) e¨envi K‡i 188wU †evZvg gyL¯’ K‡i evsjv fvlv wjL‡Z n‡Zv| Gici 1988 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^‡i †gwKb‡Uv‡ki Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq Kx-†evW© Ges Zvi AvIZvaxb d›Umg~n Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î ˆecweK cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv K‡i| †gwKb‡Uv‡k weRq RbwcÖq nIqvi ci Avwg GKB c×wZ wcwm‡Z Aš—f‚©³ Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡Z _vwK| 16 †g 1992 Avgiv weRq Kx-†ev‡W©i wØZxq ms¯‹iY weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g-Gi †gwKb‡Uvk ms¯‹iY Ges 26 gvP© 1993 DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g nB| ejvevûj¨ wcwmÔi DB‡ÛvR cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ weRq-B n‡jv cÖ_g I †ckv`vi gv‡bi gy`ªY‡hvM¨ evsjv †jLb c×wZ|MZ 16 wW‡m¤^i 2000 weRq-2000/ weRq 2000 ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kiv nq| GwU P~ovš—fv‡e evRviRvZKiY ïi“ nq 14B GwcÖj 2000 ev c‡njv ˆekvL 1408| GB ms¯‹iYwU cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q bvbv Kvi‡Y| g‡b ivLvi g‡Zv e¨vcvi n‡jv †h weRq-99 I Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹iY¸wj‡Z bZzb d›U, bZzb †KvW e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avcbvi Av‡Mi WKy‡g›U Av‡Mi d‡›U Lyj‡Z n‡e| bZzb d‡›U bZzb †Kv‡W ˆZix Kiv WKz‡g›U Av‡Mi d‡›U Lyj‡j †ek wKQy A¶i G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q hv‡e| GKBfv‡e Av‡Mi WKz‡g›U bZzb d‡›U G‡jv‡g‡jv †`Lv‡e|Z‡e weRq -99, weRq -2000 Ges weRq -2000 †cÖv, weRq -2001 Ges weRq - 2001 †cÖv Gi d›U¸‡jv weRq -2003/ weRq 2003 †cÖv-Gi mv‡_ K¤úvwUej| weRq-2003 G Kx‡evW© ev e¨enviKvixi B›Uvi‡d‡m †Kvb cwieZ©b Kiv nqwb| Avcwb †hfv‡e Av‡M weRq e¨envi Ki‡Zb †mfv‡eB weRq e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|wbeÜxKiYwb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡bB Avcbvi weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii †iwR‡óªkb Kiyb| KviY †iwR&‡÷ªkb Kiv e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ me mgqB me©‡kl Z_¨vw` cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GQvovI i‡q‡Q fwel¨‡Z ¯^íg~‡j¨ ev webvg~‡j¨ Gi cieZx© DbœZ ms¯‹iY

3

cÖ`v‡bi wbðqZv| Avcbvi c¨v‡K‡Ri mv‡_ †`Iqv †iwR‡÷ªkb KvW© c~iY K‡i (hw` bv _v‡K Z‡e Avjv`v KvM‡R bvg wVKvbv I jvB‡mÝ bv¯^vi wj‡L) AvRB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q cvwV‡q w`b| hw` weRq †iwR‡÷ªkb bv K‡ib Z‡e weRq -2003 mdUIq¨v‡ii jvB‡mÝ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i|A‡bK mgq Avcbvi nv‡Z nq‡Zv †iwR‡÷ªkb KvW© †cŠ‡Qbv| Avcwb Avcbvi bvg, wcZvi bvg, eZ©gvb wVKvbv, ¯’vqx wVKvbv, †dvb bv¤^vi, B‡gBj, jvB‡mÝ bv¤^vi BZ¨vw` D‡j L K‡i bx‡Pi wVKvbvq cwvV‡q †`‡eb|weRq -Gi cÖ‡YZv I ¯^Ë¡ †gwKb‡Uvk, DB‡ÛvR 3.1/3.11, DB‡ÛvR 95, DB‡ÛvR-98, DB‡ÛvR GgB, DB‡ÛvR Gb.wU, DB‡ÛvR-2000, DB‡ÛvR G·wc, BDwb· Ges jvBbv·-Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g, weRq Kx-†evW© Ges weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvaxb weRq-1, weRq-2, weRq-3, weRq-4, weRq-99, weRq-2000, weRq-2000 †cÖv, weRq-2001, weRq-2001 †cÖv Ges weRq-2003, weRq 2003 †cÖv w¯Œ‡Þi Aaxb d›Umg~n-Ges Gi mv‡_ mswkó mKj cÖhyw³i KwcivBU ev ¯^Ë¡ Rbve †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi-Gi|GB mdUIq¨vimg~n Ges Gi AvIZvaxb d›Umg~n Rbve †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi -Gi †bZ…Z¡vaxb GKwU Uxg KZ©„K cÖYxZ| GB Ux‡gi g‡a¨ wewfbœ mg‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb nvwg`yj Bmjvg, †Mvjvg dviyK Avn‡g`, †n‡jbv †eMg, Avd‡ivRv †eMg iygv, nvwmev nvmvb Rqv, wbqvR †gvnv¤§`, Zvwbqv myjZvbv, wke bvivqY `vm, Kvgi“¾vgvb, Gev`yi ingvb, myb›`v kvigxb Zš^x, †ivKmvbv myjZvbv, gwbi“j Av‡e`xb cvàb, Avd‡ivRv myjZvbv, gvi“d nvmvb ¯^cb Ges nvq`vi Avjg| Avwg K…ZÁZvi mv‡_ G‡`i HKvwš—KZv I cwikª‡gi K_v ¯§iY KiwQ| GLb GB mdUIq¨vi I Zvi mv‡_ mswkó cÖhyw³mg~n wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb Wt mvweŸi Avn‡g`, †nvm‡b Aviv †PŠayix, ivRxeyj Bmjvg, wecyj Avkivd, Avj Avwjgyj Bgvg we`y¨r, Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, Lyi‡k`yj Avjg Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡K|weRq 2003 c¨v‡K‡R wK cv‡eb? Avcwb hLb weRq evsjv mdUIq¨vi wKb‡eb ZLb †`‡L †b‡eb †hb bx‡Pi wRwbl¸‡jv Avcwb cvb|

GKwU my`„k¨ ev‡· GKwU Kx‡evW©| GB Kx‡ev‡W© Bs‡iRx I evsjv nid cvkvcvwk gyw`ªZ i‡q‡Q| `yÔwU eªv‡Ûi †h †Kvb GKwU Kx‡evW© Avcwb †c‡Z cv‡ib|

Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb mgq Kx‡evW© QvovI weRq mdUIq¨vi mieivn Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

* cvi‡d±: cvi‡d± Kx‡evW©wUi wKQz gvwëwgwWqv dvskb i‡q‡Q| * weRq mdUIq¨vi wmwW|* †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi ¯^v¶wiZ jvB‡mÝ| jvB‡mÝwU Avcwb †i‡L †`‡eb|

4

weRq Kx‡evW evsjv

mdUIq¨v‡ii cÖvY

cv‡ki †jAvDU Abymv‡i gyw`ªZ Kx‡evW© Avcwb weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii mv‡_B cv‡eb|†KejgvÎ cvi‡d± Kx‡evW© †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi Aby‡gvw`Z| weRq †jAvDU gyw`ªZ _vK‡jI Ab¨ †Kvb Kx‡evW© wKb‡eb bv|

hw`I weRq-2003 Av‡iv `ywU Kx‡evW© mg_©b K‡i ZeyI Avgiv g‡b Kwi we‡k¦ evsjv wjwci Rb¨ weRq Kx‡evW©-Gi †P‡q DbœZ I

mnR Avi †Kvb Kx‡evW© GL‡bv cÖKvwkZ nqwb|

weRq-2003 ms¯‹i‡Y ¯^vMZgevsjv‡`kmn we‡k¦i mKj †`‡k emevmiZ Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv, Anwgqv&, gwbcyix, PvKgv, bvMv, wÎcyivmn Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq evsjv wjwc e¨enviKvix mK‡ji cÖwZ Bs‡iRx 2003 mv‡ji ï‡f”Qv| GB bZzb eQ‡i Avgiv Avgv‡`i AZ¨š— RbwcÖq evsjv mdUIq¨vi weRq-Gi GKwU bZzb ms¯‹iY cÖKvk KiwQ| GwU Avgv‡`i weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii ló ms¯‹iY| B‡Zvc~‡e© hviv weRq e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i Rb¨ myLei n‡jv †h, G‡Z Avgv‡`i cy‡iv‡bv B›Uvi‡d‡mi mKj avivB envj ivLv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G‡Z bZzb bZzb ˆewkó¨ eRvq †i‡L Zv‡K Av‡iv my›`i, mnR I e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Kiv n‡q‡Q|Avwg cÖZ¨vkv KiwQ †h, Gi d‡j hviv Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv wjwc e¨envi K‡ib Zv‡`i Rb¨ Rxeb Av‡iv mnR mvejxj I my›`i n‡e|

weRq-2003 mdUIq¨v‡i bZzb wK Av‡Q? GB cÖkœwU mK‡jB ïi“‡ZB Ki‡eb| cÖ_gZ Avgiv Avcbv‡`i‡K Avk¦¯— Ki‡Z PvB †h, GB mdUIq¨v‡ii AvPi‡Y †Zgb †Kvb cwieZ©b Kiv nqwb| KviY `xN© 14 eQi hveZ GB mdUIq¨viwU e¨envi K‡i Avcbviv †h ¯^v”Q›`¨ †c‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z Avgiv †Kvb weNœ NUv‡Z PvBbv| Z‡e Gi MÖvwd·, AvDUjyK, BÝUjvi BZ¨vw`‡Z cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Gevi GKwU gvbm¤§Z

PgrKvi wWRvBb ˆZix K‡iwQ hv‡Z Avcbv‡K Av‡iv †ekx K‡i fve‡Z n‡e †h, GwU evsjv‡`‡k ˆZix|

A‡bKw`b hveZB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GB `vex DÌvwcZ nw”Q‡jv †h, †ckv`vix gv‡bi evsjv d›U we‡klZ †gwK‡›Uvm Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g _vK‡jI DB‡ÛvR cvUdi‡g †mme d›U †bB †Kb| Avkv Kwi Gevi mK‡jB Lykx n‡eb †mBme d‡›Ui †ekwKPz GLb GB

mdUIq¨v‡i cv‡eb| Z‡e Av‡iv †ekx d›U cv‡eb weRq-2003 †cÖv ms¯‹i‡Y|

weRq-2003 `ª“Z BÝUjcy‡iv wb‡`©wkKv bv c‡o `ª“Z weRq BÝUj Avcwb hw` cy‡iv wb‡`©wkKvwU bv c‡oB weRq-2003 AwZ `ª“Z BÝUj Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j bx‡Pi avc¸‡jv AbymiY Ki“b| Z‡e we¯—vwiZ Z‡_¨i Rb¨ cy‡iv wb‡`©wkKvwUB Avcbvi GKevi cov cÖ‡qvRb| K) Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i weRq Av‡MB BÝUj Kiv _vK‡j Zv mwi‡q †djyb| weRq-2000 ev Zvi c‡ii weRq ms¯‹iYmg~n mwi‡q †djvi Rb¨ Avcwb K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji GW/wi‡gvf †cÖvMÖvg KgvÛ e¨envi Ki“b| †mLvb †_‡K weRq AvbBÝUj Ki“b|

weRq -2000 ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹iY mwi‡q †djvi Rb¨ Avcwb cÖ_‡g ÷vU© †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki“b| Gici †mwUs evQvB Ki“b| †mLvb †_‡K K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj

5

MÖvwd

·

d›U

evQvB Ki“b| Gici GW/wi‡gvf †cÖvMÖvgm evQvB Ki“b| †mLvb †_‡K weRq -Gi cyiv‡bv dvBj evQvB Ki“b| Zvici AvbBÝUj Ki“b| Avcwb hw` weRq 99/4.0 ev Zvi Av‡Mi ms¯‹iY miv‡Z Pvb Z‡e DB‡ÛvR †dvìv‡i wM‡q weRq msµvš— dvBj¸‡jv wWwjU Ki“b|Z‡e weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv d›Um mwi‡q bv †dj‡jI weRq-2003 d›Um KvR Ki‡e| wKš‘ weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv dvBj _vK‡j bZzb weRq KvR Ki‡ebv| GgbwK BÝUj Ki‡ZI mgm¨v Ki‡e|weRq AvbBÝUj Kivi ci Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© Ki“b| Kw¤úDUvi wi÷vU© bv K‡i weRq BÝUj Kivi †Póv Ki‡j Avcwb Gii cv‡eb|L) weRq-2003 wmwWwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmwW WªvB‡f cÖ‡ek Kivb| GB wmwWwU A‡Uvivb| GwU ¯^qswµqfv‡eB B›mUjvi ch©v‡q hv‡e|M) Gevi BÝUj weRq-2003 evU‡b (G‡Kev‡i mevi Dc‡ii evUb) wK¬K Ki“b| GKmg‡q Avcbvi bvg I †Kv¤úvbxi bvg Ges wmwiqvj bv¤^vi w`‡Z n‡e| Gici Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© bv K‡iB wdwbm Ki“b|N) Gevi weRq 2003 d›Um BÝUjv‡i (wØZxq evUb) wK¬K Ki“b| d›Um¸‡jv BÝUj n‡q hv‡e| GgbwK hw` Avcbvi wm‡÷‡g cyiv‡bv weRq d›Um _v‡KI ZeyI †m¸‡jv wi‡cm n‡q hv‡e|O) mv_x B›mUjvi-G (Z…Zxq evUb) wK¬K Ki‡eb bv, KviY weRq-2003-G mv_x KvR K‡ibv|P) Avcwb hw` cvi‡d± Kx‡evW© wb‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e Gi gvwëwgwWqv dvskb e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ Kx‡evW© WªvBfvi BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ G‡Kev‡i mevi bx‡Pi †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki“b|Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i weRq BÝUj n‡q †M‡jv|Gevi Kw¤úDUvi wi÷vU© Ki“b|Avgiv a‡i wbw”Q Avcwb weRq Av‡M e¨envi K‡i‡Qb ev Kw¤úDUv‡i mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Ki‡Z Rv‡bb Avcwb| Av‡iv we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j c‡ii c„ôv¸‡jv co–b|

6

weRq - 2003-Gi Rb¨ wK ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi `iKvi?weRq-2003 e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb †h‡Kvb Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, hv‡Z DB‡ÛvR-95/ DB‡ÛvR 98/ DB‡ÛvR GgB/ DB‡ÛvR GbwU/ DB‡ÛvR 2000/ DB‡ÛvR-G·wc/ BDwb·/ jvBbv· Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g P‡j|weRq BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wmwW WªvBf cÖ‡qvRb|

Kvi c‡¶ weRq e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e? whwb evsjv fvlv wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡ib wZwbB

weRq e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| we‡kl K‡i evsjv hy³eY© †Kgb K‡i ˆZix nq †m wel‡q mg¨K aviYv _vKv `iKvi|

Avcwb Rv‡bb wK?K) evsjv 11 wU ¯^ieY© Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ ÔAÕ -Gi †Kvb ¯^iwPý †bB| evsjv mKj e¨Äb I hy³eY©B A-hy³ nq| Z‡e ÔrÕ †K GB wnmve †_‡K ev` w`‡Z cv‡ib| GwU Avm‡j Z& (Z nmš—)| nmš— e¨envi K‡i ÔAÕ aŸwb‡K n«¯^ D”PviY Kiv nq| †hgb K gv‡b n‡jv (K&+A)|L) evvsjv hy³v¶i ˆZix nq ZLb, hLb c~e©eZ©x aŸwbwU nmš— hy³ nq| †hgb K+ & +Z=³|M) PvKgv eY© AvKvivš— nq| †hgb Avgv‡`i K eY©wU‡K PvKgv‡`i D”PviY nq Kv|

weRq -2003 BÝU‡jkb-Gi cÖ¯‘wZ: weRq -2003 mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi †hme cÖ¯‘wZ `iKvi:K) Kw¤úDUv‡i DB‡ÛvR-95/ DB‡ÛvR 98/ DB‡ÛvR GgB/ DB‡ÛvR GbwU/ DB‡ÛvR 2000/ DB‡ÛvR-G·wc/ BDwb·/ jvBbv· BZ¨vw` Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi †h †Kvb GKwU BÝUj Kiv _vK‡Z n‡e| weRq- 2003 mdUIq¨v‡ii mv‡_ Avcwb Kx‡evW© cv‡eb hv‡Z weRq Kx‡evW© †jAvDU gyw`ªZ Av‡Q †mwU †`‡L Avcwb Kx‡evW© †jAvDU AbymiY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|L) weRq-Gi jvB‡mÝ I wmwW nv‡Zi Kv‡Q ivLyb|M) Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i weRq-Gi cyiv‡Yv †Kvb ms¯‹iY †_‡K _vK‡j Zv mwi‡q †djyb| weRq-2000 ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹iY mwi‡q †djvi Rb¨ Avcwb cÖ_‡g ÷vU© †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki“b| Gici †mwUs evQvB Ki“b| †mLvb †_‡K K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj evQvB Ki“b| Gici GW/wi‡gvf †cÖvMÖvgm evQvB Ki“b| †mLvb †_‡K weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv dvBj evQvB Ki“b| Zvici AvbBÝUj Ki“b|Avcwb hw` weRq 99/4.0 ev Zvi Av‡Mi ms¯‹iY miv‡Z Pvb Z‡e DB‡ÛvR †dvìv‡i wM‡q weRq msµvš— dvBj¸‡jv wWwjU Ki“b|N) Avcwb weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv d›Umg~n wWwjU bv Ki‡jI cv‡ib| weRq-99 Ges Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹iY¸‡jvi Rb¨ †hme d›U i‡q‡Q Zvi bv‡gi †k‡l Gg‡R i‡q‡Q| weRq 2003 BÝUjvi cyiv‡bv d›U¸‡jv‡K ¯’jvwfwl³ Ki‡e|Avcwb hw` Avcbvi cyiv‡bv WKz‡g›U¸‡jv hv weRq-99 Gi Av‡M ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv †m¸‡jv, e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e cyiv‡bv d›UM‡yjv †dj‡eb bv| weRq-2003 d›Um BÝUjvi cyiv‡bv d›Um evwZj Ki‡ebv|

7

weRq BÝUj Ki“b wPÎ bs-GK: mswkó QwewU n‡jv weRq-2003 wmwWwU Avcbvi WªvB‡f cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi ci wmwWwU A‡UvivY K‡i Avcbvi mvg‡b †h c`©vwU wb‡q Avm‡e Zvi bgybv| GwU weRq BÝUjvi B›Uvi‡dm| GLv‡b Avcwb †gvU PviwU evUb cv‡”Qb| GB PviwU evU‡b hw` Avcwb wK¬K K‡ib Z‡e PviwU KvR nevi K_v| cÖ_gwU‡Z weRq 2003 mdUIq¨viwU BÝUj n‡e| c‡iiwU‡Z weRq-2003 d›Um B›Umj n‡e| Z…ZxqwU‡Z hw` wK¬K K‡ib Z‡e GKwU msjvc Ni cv‡eb hv‡Z ejv n‡e †h GB AckbwU †Kej weRq-2003 ms¯‹i‡Y cvIqv hvq| weRq-2003-G GB AckbwU Avcwb e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| weRq-2003‡Z GB AckbwU Aek¨B e¨envi Ki‡eb| PZz_© AckbwU n‡jv Avcwb hw` Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i cvi‡d± gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avcwb †h BÝUjv‡i hv‡eb Zvi mvnv‡h¨ gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© WªvBfvi BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

weRq -2003 BÝUj weRq-2003 wmwWwU AvBweGg wcwm Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivb| Avcbvi wmwWwU mivmwi weRq-2003 BÝUj Kivi Ae¯’vq hv‡e (GK bs wPÎ †`Lyb)| GB GKwUgvÎ BÝUjvi Avcbvi d›Um I weRq-2003 mdUIq¨vi Ges weRq-2003 mv_x mdUIq¨vi BÝUj K‡i †`‡e| GgbwK Avcwb gvwëwgwWqv

Kx‡evW© WªvBfviI Avcwb GB BÝUjvi †_‡KB BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| weRq d›Um BÝUj Kivi Av‡M weRq-2003 MvBW Avcwb co‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY GB MvBWwU weRq-2003 d›Um e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e we‡dvi BD BÝUj dvBjwU Bs‡iRx‡Z Ges †bvUc¨vW wn‡m‡e GwU co‡Z cvi‡eb| fv‡jv nq, hw` †mB dvBjwU Av‡M c‡o †bb| GB dvBjwU‡Z Bs‡iRx fvlvq mn‡R eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q †Kgb K‡i Avcwb weRq BÝUj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Avcwb hLb weRq MvBW-2003 co‡Z cvi‡eb ZLb Avcbvi mKj KvRB GB MvBWwUi mnvqZvq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖ_‡g d›Um BÝUj Ki“bAvgv‡`i Dc‡`k n‡jv cÖ_‡g weRq-2003 d›Um BÝUjvi †_‡K d›Um BÝUj Ki“b| G‡Z myweav n‡jv †h Avcwb ZLb GB MvBW dvBjwU gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W© Ly‡j Zvi mnvqZv wb‡Z cvi‡eb|

wPÎ bs `yB: mswkó wPÎwU‡Z weRq 2003 d›Um BÝUj Kivi cÖZxKwU i‡q‡Q| evgcv‡k wK¬K Ki“b| d›Um BÝUj n‡e| Avcwb hw` †Kvb cwieZ©b bv K‡ib Z‡e cyiv‡bv d›Um _vK‡j Zv gy‡Q †dj‡e BÝUjvi| weRq-2003 d›Um-G †ek wKQy AwZwi³ d›Um i‡q‡Q hv weRq-2003-G †bB| GKwU d‡›Ui bvg Avgiv Aek¨B GLv‡b D‡jL Ki‡ev, hv n‡jv weRq Pv½gv Gg‡R| GwU PvKgv fvlv †jLvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|

weRq- 2003-Gi mKj d‡›Ui bv‡gi †k‡l Bs‡iRx MJ A¶i`ywU i‡q‡Q| d‡›Ui †k‡l GB `ywU A¶i bv _vK‡j

8

Zv weRq -2003-‡cÖv Gi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡ebv| Z‡e Avcbvi cyiv‡bv dvBj m¤úv`bv Kiv Qvov cyiv‡bv d›Um BÝUj Kiv _vK‡j Zv‡Z co‡Z cvi‡eb|

weRq -2003 mdUIq¨vi Bb÷j Gici weRq-2003 BÝUjvi AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K Ki“b|Gici Avcbvi mvg‡b †ek K‡qKwU msjvc Ni Avm‡e ZLb †b·U/ B‡qm evUb-G cici Pvc w`b|GKmg‡q Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU WvqjM e· Avm‡e hv‡Z

Avcbvi bvg, cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Ges wmwiqvj bv¤^vi w`‡Z ejv n‡e| WvqjM e‡· Avcbvi bvg. cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Ges jvB‡mÝ bv¤^vi D‡j L Ki“b| jvB‡mÝ bv¤^v‡ii meKwU eY©B wjL‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Ni Lvwj ivLv hv‡ebv| GgbwK †Kv¤úvbxi bvgI wjL‡Z n‡e| Avcwb †h c¨v‡KRwU †c‡jb Zv‡Z †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi ¯^v¶wiZ GKwU jvB‡mÝ Ges jvB‡mÝ bv¤^vi _vK‡e| †mB jvB‡mÝ bv¤^viwU Avcbv‡K UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici weRq-2003 B›mUj n‡q hv‡e|

we‡klfv‡e j¶¨YxqweRq BÝUj Kivi Av‡M Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i hw` weRq-Gi c~e©eZ©x ev eZ©gvb †Kvb ms¯‹iY BÝUj Kiv _v‡K Z‡e Zv cÖ_‡g Avb BÝUj Ki‡eb I BÝUj Kivi c‡i Kw¤úDUviwU wi÷vU© K‡i †b‡eb| hw` Zv bv K‡ib Z‡e Avcbvi weRq BÝUj Kivq mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|

†Kgb K‡i weRq -Gi cyiv‡bv mdUIq¨vi Avb BÝUj Ki‡eb? weRq -2000 ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹iY mwi‡q †djvi Rb¨ Avcwb cÖ_‡g ÷vU© †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki“b| Gici †mLvb †_‡K †mwUs evQvB Ki“b| †mwUsm †_‡K K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj evQvB Ki“b| Gici K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj †_‡K GW/wi‡gvf †cÖvMÖvgm evQvB Ki“b| †mLvb †_‡K weRq -Gi cyiv‡bv dvBj evQvB Ki“b| Zvici AvbBÝUj Ki“b|Avcwb hw` weRq 99/4.0 ev Zvi Av‡Mi ms¯‹iY miv‡Z Pvb Z‡e DB‡ÛvR †dvìv‡i wM‡q weRq msµvš— dvBj¸‡jv wWwjU Ki“b|

d›Um BÝUj Ki‡eb †Kgb K‡i?Avcwb hw` cÖ_‡g d›U BÝUj bv K‡i _v‡Kb Z‡e weRq mdUIqvi BÝUj Kivi ci Aek¨B d›U BÝUj Ki‡eb| weRq BÝUjvi †_‡KB Avcwb d›Um BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| d›Um BÝUj †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q Avcwb G KvRwU Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb|Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ weRq -2003- †cÖv-Gi mKj d‡›Ui bv‡gi †k‡lB Bs‡iRx MJ A¶i `ywU i‡q‡Q|

weRq mv_x GB ms¯‹i‡Y weRq mv_x KvR Ki‡ebv|

gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© WªvBfvi BÝUj Ki“b Avcwb hw` cvi‡d± Kx‡evW© GB c¨v‡K‡Ri mv‡_ †c‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e Avcbvi Rb¨ myLei n‡jv †h Avcbvi Kx‡evW© gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| GB gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW©wU Avcwb AZ¨š— PgrKvifv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb hw` gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© WªvBfvi BÝUj Kiv _v‡K| Avcbvi weRq

wmwW‡Z GB gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© WªBfvi i‡q‡Q| Avcwb weRq BÝUjvi †_‡KB gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW©

9

WªvBfviwU BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖ_‡g Avcbv‡K fvlv evQvB Ki‡Z ejv n‡e| Gici Avcwb †ek K‡qKwU msjvc Ni cv‡eb| GKmg‡q Avcbv‡K wmwiqvj bv¤^vi w`‡Z ejv n‡e| Avcwb weRq wmwW‡Z BÝUjvi †dvìv‡ii gv‡SB GKwU †dvìvi cv‡eb hvi bvg GgGg‡K WªvBfvi| GB †dvìviwU †_‡K wmwiqvj bv¤^vi †U·U bvgK GKwU dvBj Lyj‡eb| G‡Z wK¬K Ki‡jB dvBjwU Ly‡j hv‡e| †mB wmwiqvj bv¯^viwU Avcwb †`‡eb| Gici Kx‡evW© WªvBfvi BÝUj n‡q hv‡e| Avcbvi myweavi Rb¨ Avgiv gvwëwgwWqv Kx‡evW© WªvBfv‡ii wmwiqvj bv¤^viwU GLv‡b Zz‡j w`jvg| wmwiqvj bv¤^viwU n‡jv: 21120112-1201120920

cyiv‡bv weRq -Gi dvBj weRq-2003 BÝUj Kivi Av‡M †f‡e †`Lyb Avcbvi Kv‡Q weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y (weRq-4.0 ch©š—) ˆZix Kiv dvBj i‡q‡Q wKbv| cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y ˆZix Kiv dvBj cyiv‡bv d‡›U Lyj‡j Ges †Kvb ms‡kvab bv Ki‡j †Kvb mgm¨vq co‡ebbv| †mB †¶‡Î Avcbvi cyiv‡bv d›U¸‡jv d›Um †dvìv‡i †i‡L †`‡eb| weRq 2003 d›Um BÝUjvi Avcbvi cy‡iv‡bv d›Um BÝUj Ki‡ebv ev mwi‡qI †`‡ebv| mvaviYfv‡e DB‡Ûv‡R d›Um BÝUj Kivi Dcvq n‡jv ÷vU© †evZvg †_‡K †mwUsm/K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj/d›Um GB wW‡i±wi‡Z BÝUj wbD d›Um KgvÛ cv‡eb| Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avcwb wm‡÷‡g †h‡Kvb UªyUvBc d›U BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| weRq-99-G ˆZix Kiv †Kvb dvBj weRq-2000, 2000 †cÖv, weRq-2001, 2001 †cÖv, 2003, 2003-G mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e| hw` Avcwb weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y (weRq-4.0 ch©š—) ˆZix Kiv dvBj weRq-2003 d‡›U iƒcvš—i K‡ib Z‡e †ek wKQy eY© e`‡j hv‡e|

IqvW© †mwUsAvcwb hw` Gg.Gm IqvW© e¨envi K‡ib Z‡e Iqv‡W©i wWdë †mwUs †_‡K weRq e¨envi K‡i evsjv UvBc Ki‡Z wKQy wKQy Amyweav n‡e| A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib Gme eywS weRq-Gi mgm¨v| e¯‘Z Gme n‡jv IqvW©-Gi mgm¨v| Avcwb IqvW©-Gi †mwUs wVK K‡i wb‡j †mme Amyweav n‡ebv| IqvW©-Gi †hme †mwUs cwieZ©b Kiv `iKvi Zv n‡jv:K) digvU †gbyi A‡Uv digvU Kgv‡Ûi msjvc N‡i hv‡eb Ges Ackbm evQvB Ki‡eb| †mLv‡b A‡Uv digvU Ges A‡Uv digvU GR BD UvBc `yB Ack‡bB †÷ªBU †KvUm DB_ ¯§vU© †KvU Ges †evì GÛ BUvwjK DB_ wi‡qj digvwUs `ywU e‡· wUK wPý ivL‡eb bv| cÖ_g AckbwUi Rb¨ †ek wKQz A¶i UvBc Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ e`‡j hv‡e| wØZxqwUi Rb¨ Avcbvi _ digvwUs wVKg‡Zv n‡ebv|G `ywU Ack‡b hw` wUK wPý _v‡K Z‡e Avcbvi †ek wKQy A¶i G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q

hv‡e|L) Uzjm †gbyi †¯úwjs I MÖvgvi Ad Ki‡eb|M) IqvW© 2000-Gi Uzjm †gbyi Kv÷gvBR KgvÛ †_‡K wj÷ d›U †bBgm Bb †`qvi d›Um AckbwU Zz‡j w`b|

10

Ab¨vb¨ Amyweavi Rb¨ mgm¨v mgvavb Ask †`Lyb| weRq - Gi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ 1. weRq wm‡÷g Bs‡iRxmn we‡k¦i mKj fvlvi mv‡_ e¨envi‡hvM¨|2. weRq wm‡÷‡g Kx-†evW© †jAvDU‡K mnRfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|3. weRq wm‡÷‡g hy³v¶i I ¯^ieY© Ges Kx-†ev‡W© †bB Ggb wKQy wPý e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ GKwU mshyw³ †evZvg cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bs‡iRx Kx-‡ev‡W©i Bs‡iRx (G) †evZvg‡KB GB mshyw³ †evZvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|4. weRq wm‡÷‡gi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv Gi Rb¨ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi †Kvb cÖKvi cwieZ©b Kiv nqwb| d‡j hLwb †KD Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g ev Gwc‡Kkb †cÖvMÖv‡gi †Kvb bZzb ms¯‹iY ˆZwi K‡ib ZLbB †mB wm‡÷‡g evsjv e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e nq| 5. weRq Kx‡evW© n‡jv GB mdUIq¨v‡ii me‡P‡q †miv Ask| weRq-Gi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv †h GwU‡Z evg nv‡Zi †nvg Kx Ges †nvg Kxi bx‡Pi mvwi‡Z ¯^iwPý Ges djv i‡q‡Q| Wvb nv‡Z Ges evg nv‡Zi Dc‡ii mvwiZ i‡q‡Q e¨ÄbeY©| A¶i I wPýmg~n h_vm¤¢e †Rvo wn‡m‡e ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

d›U wbe©vPb I UvBc KivweRq BÝUj K‡i weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq K‡i UvBc Ki‡jB wKš‘ evsjv A¶i cvIqv hv‡e bv| G Rb¨ mswkó †gby ev mswkó WvqjM e‡· wM‡q myZš^x-Gg‡R (weRq-2003 Gi Rb¨) ev Ab¨ †Kvb evsjv d›U wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kx-†evW© wbe©vPbweRq Bb÷j Kivi ci gwbU‡i bx‡Pi Wvb w`‡K Uv¯‹ evi-G GKwU mv`v-bxj-jvj

i‡Oi WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZxK wPý _v‡K | IqvW© cÖ‡mwms ev Ab¨ †h‡Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi mgqI G cÖZxK wPý we`¨gvb _vK‡e-hw` weRq Pvjy _v‡K|WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZx‡K gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q wK¬K Ki‡j PZz‡®‹vY cÖZxKwU GKwU jvj-meyR-njy` i‡Oi wÎf‚R cÖZx‡K iƒcvš—wiZ n‡e | GB cÖZxKwU n‡”Q weRq Kx-†ev‡W©i cÖZxK| G cÖZxKwU †`‡L †evSv hv‡e weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq i‡q‡Q| weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq Kivi Av‡iv `ywU c×wZ Av‡Q| WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZx‡K wK¬K K‡i weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq n‡e|G Qvov Kx- †ev‡W©i Ctrl Ges Alt †evZvg GKm‡½ †P‡c †i‡L B †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡jI weRq Kx- †evW© mwµq n‡e| †h c×wZB AbymiY Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq _vKv Ae¯’vq wÎf‚R cÖZxK _vK‡e|Kx-†evW© I d›U wbe©vPb Kivi ci Kx-†ev‡W©i †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j evsjv cvIqv hv‡e| mn‡R cix¶v K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ Bs‡iRx H †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j hw` evsjv e A¶i cvIqv hvq, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cÖwµqv¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb evsjvq KvR Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Bs‡iRx H †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j hw` evsjv e A¶i bv Av‡m, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cÖwµqvwU mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Kiv nqwb| cÖwµqvwU mwVKfv‡e cybive„wË Ki‡Z n‡e|

11

evsjvq KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z hw` Bs‡iRx‡Z UvBc Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j GKB wbq‡g weRq cÖZx‡Ki Dci wK¬K K‡i ev Ctrl I Alt †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L B †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q Bs‡iRx Kx-†evW© mwµq Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLb weRq cÖZxK Avevi WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZx‡K iƒcvš—wiZ n‡e| Gevi Bs‡iRx UvB‡ci KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi evsjv UvB‡ci KvR Ki‡Z n‡j c~‡e©i wbq‡g Kx-†evW© Ges evsjv d›U wbe©vPb K‡i evsjv UvB‡ci KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr GKB WKz‡g‡›U cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx GKB m‡½ Bs‡iRx Ges evsjvq UvB‡ci KvR Kiv hv‡e|

weRq Kx-†evW© cwiwPwZ I e¨envi weRq mdUIqv‡ii mv‡_ Avgiv GLb GKwU evsjv Kx‡evW© cÖ`vb KiwQ hv‡Z †Kvb †evZv‡g †Kvb evsjv nid i‡q‡Q Zv Bs‡iRxi cvkvcvwk gyw`ªZ i‡q‡Q| m~Zivs GLb Avi KvMR †_‡K weRq-Kx‡evW©-Gi †jAvDU †`Lvi `iKvi †bB|weRq Kx-†ev‡W© cÖwZwU †evZv‡g `ywU K‡i evsjv A¶i Av‡Q| wkdU †evZvg †P‡c †Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j H †evZv‡gi Dc‡ii evsjv A¶i Ges wkdU †evZvg bv †P‡c †Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j H †evZv‡gi wb‡Pi evsjv A¶i cvIqv hvq|weRq Kx‡evW©-G A Ges I Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb ¯^ieY© †bB| Avcwb hw` †mme ¯^ieY© e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e cÖ_‡g wR (Kx‡ev‡W© mshyw³ ev nmš— gyw`ªZ _vK‡e) UvBc Ki‡eb Ges Gici mswkó ¯^iwPý UvBc Ki‡eb|evsjvq hy³v¶i ˆZwii Rb¨ Bs‡iRx & (G) †evZvg‡K mshyw³ †evZvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb k³ k‡ãi ³ eY©wU n‡”Q K Ges Z e‡Y©i hy³iƒc| G Rb¨ K UvBc K‡i & †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q Z UvBc Ki‡j ³ hy³v¶i ˆZwi n‡q hvq| wKQy hy³v¶i m¤ú‡K© A‡bK †¶‡ÎB mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| †Kvb †Kvb e‡Y©i mgš^‡q H hy³v¶i ˆZwi nq Zv Rvbv bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-AÄb, weÁvb, j¶, evÃbxq, eªþvÛ BÎvw` k‡ã e¨eüZ hy³v¶i¸‡jv|e¨enviKvix‡`i myweav‡_© hy³v¶i ˆZwii wbqgvejx Ges wek` ZvwjKv G wb‡`©wkKvi cwiwkó 1-G †`qv n‡q‡Q|

weRq Kx‡evW©-G UvBc Kivi mnR wbqgvejx weRq Kx‡evW© ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggbfv‡e hv‡Z mn‡RB mKj evsjv A¶i ˆZix Kiv hvq|1. Kw¤cDUv‡ii Kx‡evW© e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYZ `ywU nv‡Zi `kwU Av½zjB e¨envi Kiv nq| cÖ_‡g Bs‡iRx UvBc Kivi wbqg Abyhvqx `yB nv‡Zi

12

Av½yj¸wj h_v¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivLv fv‡jv, evg nv‡Zi Av½yj¸wj‡Z cÖavbZ ¯^iwPý¸‡jv (`ywU ¯^ieY©mn) _vK‡e| Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj¸‡jv‡Z _vK‡e e¨ÄbeY©¸‡jv|2. weRq Kx‡ev‡W© †hLv‡b m¤¢e AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY †Rvov wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb A-v, w-x, y-~,‡-‰, I-Š, K-L, M-N, P-Q, R-S, U-V, W-X, Z-_, `-a, c-d, e-f, o-p| Gme e‡Y©i web¨vm n‡jv Ggb †h AícÖvY A¶iMy‡jv ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq I gnvcÖvY A¶i¸‡jv wkdU Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| GQvov „-©, i-j, g-k BZ¨vw` †Rvov¸‡jvI GKB †evZv‡g ¯^vfvweK I wkdU Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q|3. Bs‡iRx wR †evZvgwU‡K iƒcvš—i †evZvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †evZvgwUi mvnv‡h¨ ¯^iwPý‡K ¯^ie‡Y© Ges e¨ÄbeY©‡K hy³v¶‡i iƒcvš—i Kiv hvq| djv hy³ Ki‡Z n‡j wR †evZvg e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e i djv I h djv †h‡nZz Kx‡ev‡W© Av‡Q †m‡nZz mivmwi UvBc K‡iI cvIqv hv‡e| Ab¨vb¨ Kx‡evW©GB ms¯‹i‡Y weRq Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Kx‡evW© KvR Ki‡ebv|

Anwgqv, gwbcyix, bvMv BZ¨vw` fvlvi Rb¨ AwZwi³ eY©Anwgqv, gwbcyix I bvMv fvlv †jLvi Rb¨ ÿ Ges GB `ywU eY© Avcwb cv‡eb wR e Ges wR i UvBc Ki‡j|

PvKgv wjwcPvKgv wjwc cvevi Rb¨ PvKgv d›U (weRqPvsgvGg‡R) evQvB Ki“b| weRqPvsgv d‡Èi web¨vmI bZzb K‡i Kiv| weRq Kx‡evW© Gi †evZvg¸‡jv †hgbfv‡e evsjvq UvBc Kiv nq Pvsgv‡ZI †mfv‡eB UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e e¨wZµg n‡jv wbgœiƒc:gvh¨v n‡”Q nmš—, Iqv wPý n‡jv l, AvB n‡jv k, AKvivš— ev IeiZzj¨v n‡jv v, Iqv A¶i n‡jv p, `xN© j n‡jv r|

mgm¨v I mgvavb1. mgm¨v t IqvW©-97-G wWKkbvwi KvR K‡ibv|IqvW©-2000 e¨envi Ki“b|2. mgm¨v t †bU‡¯‹‡c weRq †gBj KvR K‡ibve¯‘Z †bU‡¯‹c †gB‡j weRq †gBj-Gi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †mLv‡b Avcwb mivmwi evsjvq †gBj UvBc Ki‡Z cv‡ib| weRq †gBj-Gi Rb¨ AvDUjyK G·‡cÖm e¨envi Ki“b|3. mgm¨v t †cR‡gKv‡i weRq KvR K‡ibvweRq-99 †cR‡gKv‡i KvR K‡i| weRq-2003-Gi mv‡_ †KvqvK© G·‡cÖm e¨envi Ki“b| 4. mgm¨v t IqvW© AvU©-G weRq KvR K‡ibvIqvW© †_‡K UvBc K‡i e¨envi Ki“b|5. mgm¨v t Avgvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Gg Gm Iqv‡W© †¯úm UvBc Ki‡j · †`Lvq|mgvavb t Uzjm †gbyi Ae‡R± Kgv‡Ûi wfwˇZ ÕAjÔ µm Kiv _vK‡j Ggb nq| Aj µm Kiv ivL‡eb bv|6. mgm¨v t evsjv _ A¶iwU UvBc Ki‡j KL‡bv KL‡bv BUvwjK n‡q hvq, †K‡U hvq| evsjv f‚ UvBc Ki‡j f’ †jLv nq|mgvavb t IqvW©-Gi digvU †gbyi A‡Uv digvU Kgv‡Ûi msjvc N‡i hv‡eb Ges Ackbm evQvB Ki‡eb| †mLv‡b A‡Uv digvU Ges A‡Uv digvU GR BD UvBc `yB Ack‡bB †÷ªBU †KvUm DB_ ¯§vU© †KvU Ges †evì GÛ BUvwjK DB_ wi‡qj digvwUs `ywU e‡· wUK wPý ivL‡ebbv|

13

hw` wUK wPý _v‡K Z‡e Avcbvi †ek wKQy A¶i Gjv‡g‡jv n‡q qv‡e|Uzjm †gbyi †¯úwjs I MÖvgvi Ad Ki‡eb|7. mgm¨v t DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹i‡Yi d›U †gby‡Z †Kvb †cv÷w¯ŒÞ d›U cvw”Q bv|K) GwUGg Ab Av‡Q wKbv †`Lyb| GwUGg Ad _vK‡j d›U cvIqv hvq bv|L) wm‡÷‡gi K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡j †kv Uªy UvBc d›Um Ibwj e· µm Kiv Av‡Q wKbv †`Lyb| GwU µm Kiv _vK‡j evsjv d›U Avm‡e bv| KviY Avgiv Av‡M †hme d›U mieivn KiZvg Zvi me¸‡jv UªyUvBc bq|M) wcÖ›Uvi †mUAvc bv Ki‡j d›U cvIqv hv‡e bv|8. mgm¨v t Iqv‡W©i wcÖwfI‡Z Bs‡iRx †`Lv hvq|mgvavb t wcÖwfD‡Z Wªvd‡Ui Av‡M wUK wPý _vK‡j Ggb nq|9. mgm¨v t DB‡ÛvR-98-G ¤c I ”Q wVKg‡Zv UvBc Kiv hvq bv|mgvavb t weRq-99 /2000/2001/2003 I Zvi d›U¸‡jv e¨envi Kiyb| weRq- 4.0 e¨envi Ki‡j G Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i| 10. mgm¨v t DB‡ÛvR-98-G bZzb d›U e¨envi Ki‡jI jvB‡bi †k‡li kãwU †f‡½ hvq|mgvavb t weRq-99 /2000/2001/2003 I Zvi d›U¸‡jv e¨envi Kiyb| 11. mgm¨v t †bUIqvK© Pvjy _vK‡j weRq-99 mgm¨v K‡i| weRq Pvjy nqbv|mgvavb t weRq-99 DB‡ÛvR †dvìvi †_‡K Wvej wK¬K K‡i Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| weRq -99-Gi me©‡kl ms¯‹iY e¨envi Ki“b| 28†k AvM÷ 99 ev Zvi c‡ii ms¯‹i‡Y GB Amyweav n‡ebv|12. mgm¨v t GBPwc 2100Gg wcÖ›Uv‡i weRq-Gi UªyUvBc d›Um¸‡jv wcÖ›U Ki‡j Zv Rvw÷dvB nqbv|mgvavb t weRq-Gi UªyUvBc d›UmMy‡jv wcÖ›U Kivi Rb¨ D‡jwLZ wcÖ›UviwU †h WªvBfvi e¨envi K‡i Zv UªyUvBc d›Um¸‡jv‡K wVKg‡Zv wcÖ›U Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| Ggb Ae¯’vq Avcwb weRq-Gi †dvìv‡i _vKv †cv÷w¯ŒÞ d›Um¸‡jv BÝUj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ_‡g GWwe UvBc g¨v‡bRvi BÝUj Ki“b| Gici †cv÷w¯ŒÞ d›Um¸‡jv BÝUj Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb †mB mg‡q GwUGg Ab _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvov GwUGg Ab K‡i Avevi hw` UªyUvBc d›Um wcÖ÷ Ki‡Z hvb Z‡e Zv‡Z mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| m~Zivs GKmv‡_ `yB ai‡bi d›U e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|

14

eY© evsjv kã †evZv‡g e‡Y©i Ae¯’vb A Aby‡iva A ( Shift F)Av AvMÖn & v (g f)v KvMR v (f)B B”Qv & w (g d)w wW¯‹ w (d)C C` & x (g Shift D)x b`x x (Shift D)D Dcnvi & y (g s) y cy‡ivcywi y (s)E Elv & ~ (g Shift S) ~ `~Z ~ (Shift S)F Fwl & „ (g a) „ e„wË „ (a)G GKZv & † (g c)† †Kej †¯cm † (space c)‡ A‡bK ‡ (wm) (c)H HwZnvwmK & Š (g Shift C)ˆ ˆeVv †¯cm ˆ (space Shift C)‰ A‰ea ‰ (Shift C)I ISv I (x)† v †Kvgj e‡Y©i Av‡M † Kvi I c‡i v KviJ Jla J (g Shift X)† Š †KŠkj e‡Y©i Av‡M † Kvi I c‡i Š Kvi

e¨Äb eY© I hy³v¶iK Kw¤úDUvi K (j)° Q°v K & K (j g j)³« A³« K & Z ª (j g k z)Kè eKèv K & b (j g b)K¡ †K¡ivZ K & e (j g h)´ i“w´Yx K & g (j g m)K¨ evK¨ K ¨ (j Shift Z)µ eµ K ª (j z)K¬ †K¬k K & j (j g Shift V)¶ cix¶v K & l (j g Shift N)· ev· K & m (j g n)³ i³ K & Z (j g k)¶è Zx¶è K & l & Y (j g Shift N g Shift B)² m‚² K & l & g (j g Shift N g m)L Lo L (Shift J)L¨ gyL¨ L ¨ (Shift J Shift Z)M Mg M (o)¸ ¸nv M y (o s)º evwº M & ` (o g l)» gy» M & a (o g Shift L)Mœ fMœ M & b (o g b)M¥ evM¥x M & g (o g m)M¨ fvM¨ M ¨ (o Shift Z)MÖ MÖnY M ª (o z)M MvwY M & j (o g Shift L)

MÖ“ MÖ“c M ª y (o z s)N Ni N (Shift O)Nœ weNœ N & b (Shift O g b)Nª kxNª N ª (Shift O z)O e¨vO O (q)¼ A¼ O & K (q g j)•L k•L O & L (q g Shift J)½ m½xZ O & M (q g o)•N m•N O & N (q g Shift O)•g ev•gq O & g (q g m)¼« m¼«vgKO & K ª (q g j z)•Nª mv•Nªwk O & N ª (q g Shift O z)•¶v AvKv•¶v O & K & l (q g j g Shift N)P Pi P (y)P¨ evP¨ P ¨ (y Shift Z)”P D”PviY P & P (y g y)”Q Zz”Q P & Q (y g Shift Y)”T hv”Tv P & T (y g Shift I)”Q¡ D”Q¡j P & Q & e (y g Shift y g h)Q QvwZ Q (Shift y)”Q« K…”Q«Zv Q ª (Shift y z)R Rwg R (u)¾ j¾v R & R (u g u)À KzÀwUKv R & S (u g Shift U)Á Ávb R & T (u g Shift I)R¡ R¡i R & e (u g h)R¨ ivR¨ R ¨ (u Shift Z)Rª eRª R ª (u z)¾¡ D¾¡j R & R & e (u g u g h)T wgTv T (Shift I) PÂj T & P (Shift I g y)à evÃv T & Q (Shift I g Shift Y)Ä AÄjx T & R (Shift I g u)Å wbS©ÅvU T & S (Shift I g Shift U)U UvKv U (t)Æ PÆMÖvgU & U (t g t)Æz UvÆz U & U y (t g t s)U¡ LU¡v U & e (t g h)U¥ KzU¥j U & g (t g m)U¨ bvU¨ U ¨ (t Shift Z)Uª Uªjvi U ª (t z)ƪ †nwƪK U & U ª (t g t z)V VvÛv V (Shift T)V¨ cvV¨ V ¨ (Shift T Shift Z)W WvjWv W (e)Ç AvÇv W & W (e g e)Wª Wªqvi W ª (e z)W¨ RvW¨ W ¨ (e Shift Z)X XvKv X (Shift E)X¨ abvX¨ X ¨ (Shift E Shift Z)Y iYÕ Y (Shift B)È NÈv Y & U (Shift B g t)

15

É DrKÉv Y & V (Shift B g Shift T)Ê LÊ Y & W (Shift B g e)Yœ welYœ Y & b (Shift B g b)Y¦ AY¦q Y & e (Shift B g h)Y¨ cyY¨ Y ¨ (Shift B Shift Z)ʪ cyʪ Y & W ª (Shift B g e z)Z †ZvZv Z (k)Ë DËg Z & Z (k g k)Ì DÌvb Z & _ (k g Shift K)Zœ iZœ Z & b (k g b)Z¡ ivRZ¡ Z & e (k g h)Í AvÍv Z & g (k g m)Z¨ wbZ¨ Z ¨ (k Shift Z)Ë¡ ZË¡ Z & Z & e (k g k g h)Î wgÎ Z ª (k z)Γ kΓ Z ª y (k z s)_ _vKv _ (Shift K)_¡ c„_¡x _ & e (Shift K g h)_¨ Z_¨ _ ¨ (Shift K Shift z)` `v`v ` (l)˜M D˜Mvi ` & M (l g o)˜N D˜NvUb ` & N (l g Shift O)Ï DÏxcb ` & ` (l g l)× eyw× ` & a (l g Shift L)™¢ D™¢e ` & f (l g Shift H)Ø Øvi ` & e (l g h)Ù cÙ ` & g (l g m)`¨ A`¨ ` ¨ (l Shift z)`&¸ m`&¸Y ` & M y (l g g o s)™£ D™£vš¿ ` & f ª (l g Shift H z)`ª“ `ª“Z ` ª y (l z s)`ªƒ we`ªƒc ` ª � (l z Shift s)a avb a (Shift L)aŸ aŸwb a & e (Shift L g h)a¥ Ava¥vb a & g (Shift L g m)a¨ a¨vb a ¨ (Shift L Shift Z)aª waªqgvba ª (Shift L z)aª“ aª“e a ª y (Shift L z s)aªƒ aªƒc` a ª (Shift L z Shift S)b b`x we (b)›U †cÖwm‡W›U b & U (b g t)Û AvÛvi b & W (b g e)š— `š— b & Z (b g k)š’ gš’b b & _ (b g Shift K)›` Avb›` b & ` (b g l)Ü AÜ b & a (b g Shift L)bœ Abœ b & b (b g b)š^ Zš^x b & e (b g h)b¥ Rb¥ b & g (b g m)b¨ Ab¨ b ¨ (b Shift Z)›Uª K›Uªv b & U ª (b g t z))Ûª GÛªy b & W ª (b g e z)š¿ gš¿ b & Z ª (b g k z)›Ø m›`xc b & ` & e (b g l g h)›`ª P›`ª b & ` ª (b g l z)

Ü« AÜ« b & a ª (b g Shift L z)c Avc c (r)ß `xwß c & Z (r g k)Þ KÞvi c & U (r g t)à Mà c & c (r g r)c cveb c & j (r g Shift V)cœ ¯^cœ c & b (r g b)c¨ cÖvc¨ c ¨ (r Shift Z)cÖ cÖvY c ª (r z)cÖ“ cÖ“d c ª y ((s z s)d dzj d (Shift R)d« d«vB‡W d ª (Shift R z)d¬ d¬vM d & j (Shift R g Shift V)e eb e (h)â Kâv e & R (h g u)e evW e & j (h g Shift V)ã kã e & ` (h g l)ä jä e & a (h g Shift L)eŸ AveŸv e & e (h g h)e¨ be¨ e ¨ (h Shift Z)eª eªv`vi e ª (h z)f fiv f (Shift H)f¨ jf¨ f ¨ (Shift H Shift Z)å ågY f ª (Shift H z)å“ å“ f ª y (Shift H z s)åƒ åƒY f ª (Shift H z Shift S)f fvw`wgi f & j (Shift H g Shift V)g gb g (m)æ wbæ g & b (m g b)¤ ¤vb g & j (m g Shift V)¤ú m¤ú` g & c (m g r)ç jç g & d (m g Shift R)¤^ K¤^j g & e (m g h)¤¢ Avi¤¢ g & f (m g Shift H)¤§ m¤§Z g & g (m g m)g¨ ig¨ g ¨ (m Shift Z)gª mgªvU g ª (m z)¤ú K‡¤úBb g & c & j (m g r g Shift V)¤£ m¤£g g & f ª (m g Shift H z)h hw` h (w) h¨ kh¨v h ¨ (w Shift z)i ivZ i (v)i“ i“wU i y (v s)iƒ iƒc i ~ (v Shift S)j jZv j (Shift V)é Dév j & K (Shift V g j)ê eêv j & M (Shift V g o)í Aí j & c (Shift V g r)î Avîv j & d (Shift V g Shift R)j¦ wej¦ j & e (Shift V g h)j¥ ¸j¥ j & g (Shift V g m)j¨ evj¨ j ¨ (Shift V Shift z)j cje j & j (Shift V g Shift V)î«v Mvî«v j & d & i (Shift V g Shift R z)k kZ k (Shift M)

16

ï ïµevi k y (Shift M s)kª wekªvg k ª (Shift M z)k kvNv k & j (Shift M g Shift V)ð wbðq k & P (Shift M g y)kœ wkkœ k & b (Shift M g b))k¦ wek¦ k & e (Shift M g h)k¥ k¥kvb k & g (Shift M g m)k¨ Aek¨ k ¨ (Shift M Shift Z)kª“ ïkª“ k ª y (Shift M z s)kªƒ ïkªƒlv k ª ~ (Shift M z Shift S)l lvo wkdU Gb (Shift N)®‹ ﮋ l & K (Shift N g j)ó Kó l & U (Shift N g t)ô Kwbô l & V (Shift N g Shift T)®ú cy®ú l & c (Shift N g r)õ wbõj l & d (Shift N g Shift R)®Œ †ZRw®Œq l & K ª (Shift N g j z)óª ivóª l & U ª (Shift N g t z)ò K…ò l & Y (Shift N g Shift B)®§ MÖx®§ l & g (Shift N g m)m mvZ m (n)m¨ bm¨ m ¨ (n Shift Z)mª †mªvZ m ª (n z)¯‹ Z¯‹i m & K (n g j)ö öjb m & L (n g Shift J)¯— n¯— m & Z (n g k)¯’ my¯’ m & _ (n g Shift K)

¯ú ci¯úi m & c (n g r)ù ùxZ m & d (n g Shift R)¯¿ A¯¿ m & Z & i (n g k z)ø øvb m & b (n g b)¯^ ¯^fve m & e (n g h)¯§ f¯§ m & g (n g m)¯Œz ¯Œz m & K ª (n g j z s)¯ú ¯cvBb m & c & j (n g r g Shift V)n nvwZ n (i)û eû n y (i s)ü ü`q n „ (i a)nè Acivnè n & Y (i g Shift B)ý wPý n & b (i g b)nŸ AvnŸvb n & e (i g n))þ eªvþY n & g (i g m)n¨ mn¨ n ¨ (i Shift Z)n« n«` n ª (i z)n¬ Avn¬v` n & j (i g Shift V)o eo o (p)p Abp p (Shift P)q Avq q (Shift W)r wPr r (Shift Back Slash)s is s (Shift Q)t A_t t (Back Slash-/) u Puv` u (Shift 7) & nmš— AvM&dv & (gg)

17