big era 3 ppt

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Farming and the Emergenceof Complex Societies10,000 – 1,000 BCE.

Big Era ThreeBig Era Three

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Join us for Join us for the world tour!the world tour!

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STOP!

I know what I know what you’re you’re

thinking!thinking!

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Farming and Farming and complex societies?complex societies?

Where did they Where did they come from?come from?

I thought I thought we were stillwe were stillhunting andhunting andgathering!gathering!

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Today10k years ago200k yrs ago

Big Era 2

……and changes and changes have always beenhave always been—and still are——and still are—part of human part of human

history.history.

Let’s look for Let’s look for a minute at a minute at the changes the changes

that took that took place in Big place in Big

Era Two.Era Two.

You You DODO rememberremember

Big Era Big Era Two, don’t Two, don’t

you?you?

Big Eras 3-9Big Era 1

Farming and Farming and complex complex

societies are the societies are the result of result of

CHANGECHANGE……

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Today10k years ago200k yrs ago

Big Era 2

Big Era Two is the Big Era Two is the era that covers era that covers the period from the period from

200,000 to 200,000 to 10,000 years ago.10,000 years ago.

Big Era Two wasBig Era Two wasfraught fraught

with change.with change.

Shall we do Shall we do aa

quick quick review?review?


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200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today10k years ago

Big Era 2


Homo erectus doing lunch

You will You will probably recall probably recall

that life that life 200,000 years 200,000 years

ago looked ago looked something like something like

this.this.

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10k years ago200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today

Big Era 2


Homo sapiens at home

10,000 years ago at 10,000 years ago at the close of Big Era the close of Big Era

Two, life looked more Two, life looked more like this:like this:

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Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago

Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago

Notice any Notice any changes?changes?

Would you say Would you say there were:there were:

(c) Lots of changes?(c) Lots of changes?

(b) Some changes?(b) Some changes?

(a) No changes?(a) No changes?

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If you said If you said there were there were “(c) Lots of “(c) Lots of

changes,” you changes,” you were obviously were obviously

paying paying attention attention

during Big Era during Big Era Two.Two.

If, on the other If, on the other hand, you chose hand, you chose

“(a) No “(a) No changes” or changes” or

“(b) Some “(b) Some changes,” you changes,” you

must have been must have been out with the flu out with the flu during Big Era during Big Era

Two. (Hope you Two. (Hope you are feeling are feeling

better!).better!).

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Hints

So, we will go So, we will go with with

“(c) Lots of “(c) Lots of changes”changes” in Big in Big Era Two, right?Era Two, right?

Before moving Before moving on, jot them on, jot them

down.down.

Americas

Are these Are these going to be going to be on the test?on the test?

Do you recall Do you recall any of them?any of them?

Boomerang

So, it’s antelope burgers

tonight, right?

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1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Check your answers below:Check your answers below:

Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2(Beginning of Big Era 3)(Beginning of Big Era 3)

1.1. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens appear. appear.2.2. Language develops.Language develops.3.3. Habitats expand.Habitats expand.4.4. Technology multiplies.Technology multiplies.5.5. Wall painting and Wall painting and

sculpture are created.sculpture are created.End of Big Era Two

(Beginning of Big Era 3)

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Keeping those changesKeeping those changes in mind, let’s lookin mind, let’s look

at life all the way at the at life all the way at the end of Big Era Three, that end of Big Era Three, that

is, about 1,000 BCE.is, about 1,000 BCE.

1,000 years ago10,000 years ago Today

Big Era 3


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1,000 years ago10,000 years ago Today

Big Era 3


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Quite a few,Quite a few,Huh?Huh?

Notice any Notice any Differences?Differences?

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Jot down some Jot down some notes on what notes on what

events you think events you think might have might have taken place taken place

between 10,000 between 10,000 and 1,000 BCE.and 1,000 BCE.

HERE?HERE toto

So, how did we So, how did we get from…get from…

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which reflects the which reflects the DOMESTICATIONDOMESTICATION of… of…

and plantsand plantsanimalsanimals


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

One of the major changes is One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a reflected in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :Iraq) :

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Have you ‘herd’ Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism?about pastoralism?

Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.

It resulted in the new way of It resulted in the new way of living we know as living we know as

FARMINGFARMING(AGRICULTURE)…(AGRICULTURE)…


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

……which included both which included both PASTORALISMPASTORALISM

(herding sheep, goats, cattle, (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels),horses, and camels),

and…and…

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Crop-growingCrop-growing(cultivating domesticated (cultivating domesticated

plants),plants),

and…and…


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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the development of…the development of…

FARMING FARMING COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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MesoamericaMesoamerica

AndesAndes AmazoniaAmazonia

Eastern North AmericaEastern North America

New GuineaNew Guinea

ChinaChina

EthiopiaEthiopia

WestWestAfricaAfrica

Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent

Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingBetween about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingappeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,

possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Nile valleyNile valley

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Prior to farming, Prior to farming, population size in any population size in any one area was limitedone area was limitedby the availability of wild by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts.seeds, and nuts.

Farming and the large, Farming and the large, relatively dependable relatively dependable crops it provides crops it provides allowed for…allowed for…

POPULATION POPULATION INTENSIFICATIONINTENSIFICATION

That means That means population population

increases in certain increases in certain areas. Population in areas. Population in those areas became those areas became

both larger and both larger and denser.denser.

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At the same time, At the same time, farmers in some farmers in some

places were, in spite places were, in spite of population growth,of population growth,

able to produceable to produce SURPLUS food.SURPLUS food.

What does What does SURPLUS SURPLUS

FOOD FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

mean for a mean for a society?society?

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SURPLUS FOOD SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION……

……means that not means that not everyone has to grow everyone has to grow food or tend animals. food or tend animals. They can take on other They can take on other tasks. They can tasks. They can specialize in some non-specialize in some non-farming task. farming task.

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This is called…This is called…

Job Specialization.Job Specialization.Men and women may Men and women may

become:become:

• WeaversWeavers• Stone MasonsStone Masons• PottersPotters• PriestsPriests• Scribes Scribes • TradersTraders• Army officersArmy officers

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So, let’s have a So, let’s have a quick review of that quick review of that

last sequence of last sequence of events.events.

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Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulation

IntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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Hint, hint!Hint, hint!

You might want You might want to make a note to make a note of these as we of these as we

go along.go along.

Civilizations have a number Civilizations have a number of elements in common.of elements in common.

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CivilizationCivilization

Remember it.Remember it.Write it down.Write it down.

Did you catchDid you catchthat term?that term?

Can you Can you define define

it?it?

Answer: A civilization is a complex society. Answer: A civilization is a complex society.

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Elements of civilization include:Elements of civilization include:

Mohenjo Daro

Hammurabi’sLaw Code

It’s thelaw

Pharaohs

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments And Law codesAnd Law codes

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1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

Can you identifyCan you identify the societythe societyrepresentedrepresented

by each of these two by each of these two writing samples?writing samples?

3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized religions4) Highly organized religions

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4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion

5) Specialized Jobs5) Specialized Jobs

Full-time monk

Assyrian slavesIn Egypt

6) Social Classes6) Social Classes

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central Governments 2) Central Governments and law codesand law codes


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7) Complex 7) Complex TechnologiesTechnologies

Chariot5) Specialized jobs5) Specialized jobs

6) Social classes6) Social classes

Bronze Sword


4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes


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So, have you So, have you been paying been paying

attentionattentionor doing a bit of or doing a bit of day dreaming?day dreaming?

Let’s Let’s check!check!

Can you list Can you list some of thesome of the

elements of a elements of a civilization?civilization?

Clue: Clue: There were There were

7!7!

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Good job, Good job, huh?huh?

Check your answers below:

Good job if your list includes:

1.1. CitiesCities 2.2. Central governments and law codesCentral governments and law codes3.3. Writing and record-keepingWriting and record-keeping4.4. Specialized jobsSpecialized jobs5.5. Social classesSocial classes6.6. Complex technologiesComplex technologies7.7. Highly organized religionsHighly organized religions

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3,000 years ago

By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.

Are we Are we supposedsupposed

to be takingto be takingnotes on this?notes on this?


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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By the end of Big By the end of Big Era Three, about Era Three, about 1000 BCE, there 1000 BCE, there

were several well-were several well-established established

civilizations in civilizations in Afroeurasia.Afroeurasia.

There were There were also two new also two new ones in the ones in the Americas. Americas.

At least two civilizations in At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the Mediterranean region and the

Harappan in the Indus River valley Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.had already come and gone.

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Now, looking back over Big Era Three,

let’s review the major changes.


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulation

IntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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That translates into:That translates into:

FarmersFarmersHerdersHerdersCitiesCities

Central governmentsCentral governmentsArmiesArmies

Monumental buildingsMonumental buildingsWritten languageWritten languageSocial hierarchiesSocial hierarchies

Complex belief systemsComplex belief systems

In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.

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.

Not only has life changed Not only has life changed culturally and culturally and

technologically, but also technologically, but also the rate of change has the rate of change has

accelerated.accelerated.

10k years ago

Art

200k yrs ago

Language

Big Era 2

Big Era 1

Today

BigEras4-9

1k years ago

Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticatedchiles, potatoes—all domesticated

Plow farmingPlow farming

Law CodesLaw Codes

ChariotsChariots

Temple buildingTemple building

Sailing technologySailing technology

CopperCoppersmeltingsmelting

AlphabetAlphabet

WheelWheel

WritingWriting

IrrigationIrrigation

Regular trade routesRegular trade routes

CalendarsCalendars

PotteryPottery

Bow & arrowBow & arrow

PyramidsPyramids

Walled citiesWalled cities

Letters andLetters andenvelopesenvelopes

360-degree circle360-degree circle

BE3

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Make a few Make a few notes and notes and

discuss this discuss this question with question with your teacher your teacher and fellow and fellow students.students.

What factors What factors do you think do you think

might account might account for this for this

increasing rate increasing rate of change?of change?

You may have noticed You may have noticed that the difference that the difference

between the rate of between the rate of change in Big Era Two change in Big Era Two and in Big Era Three is and in Big Era Three is

enormous.enormous.

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Come to think of it, things Come to think of it, things changed REALLY fast In changed REALLY fast In

the 20th century. I wonder the 20th century. I wonder what the rate of change is what the rate of change is going to be like in the 21st going to be like in the 21st

century?century?

As you move on to As you move on to Big Era Four (1,200 Big Era Four (1,200

BCE to 500 AD), BCE to 500 AD), keep your eye on the keep your eye on the rate of change. Does rate of change. Does it keep increasing? it keep increasing?

Level off? Slow Level off? Slow down?down?

Do the factors you Do the factors you have identified as have identified as

affecting the rate of affecting the rate of change in Big Era change in Big Era Two and Big Era Two and Big Era Three still apply?Three still apply?

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Well, that’s all for Well, that’s all for Big Era Three, but Big Era Three, but

don’t go away.don’t go away.

Hang on to Hang on to your notes and your notes and

stay tuned stay tuned for…for…

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Big Era Four!Big Era Four!Coming SOON Coming SOON to a classroom to a classroom

near you.near you.

big era 3 ppt

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