bibliography books and documentation

75

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS and DOCUMENTATION

Adler, D. 2006.Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data, 2nded. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.

Ashby, M. & Johnson, K. 2002.Materials and Design: The Art and Science of Material Selection in Product Design. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.

Bookchin, M. 1995. The Philosophy of Social Ecology.Montreal: Black Rose Books.

Clark, M. 2006. The Saga of the Sani Pass and Mokhothlong. Pietermaritzburg: Teeanem Printers.

Fishel, C. & Gardner, B. 2006. Logolounge, Volume 3. Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers.

Hanaor, C. 2006. Recycle: The Essential Guide. London: Black Dog Publishing.

Interiors Forum Scotland. 2007. Thinking Inside the Box. London: Middlesex University Press, pp.68 71.

Jaggar, A. 1983. Feminist Politics and Human Nature. Brighton: Harvester Press.

Lupton, E. 2002. Skin: Surface, Substance and Design. Laurence King Publishing.

Massó, P. 2005. Aircraft Interiors. Los Angeles: Fusion Publishing.

MINE™. 2005. Letterhead and Logo Design 9. Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers.

Moore, H. 2007. Composite Materials [information Sheet] (Personal communication, August 2007)

Olins, W. 2008.Wally Olins: The Brand Handbook. London: Thames &Hudson.

Raath, H. 2008. Marion lsland New Base and GRP [e mail] (Personal communication, July 2008)

Raath, H. 2008. Antarctic Halley VI and GRP [e mail] (Personal communication, October 2008)

Rudolph, A. 2007. Dopplemayr Aerial Transport Systems [information Sheet] (Personal communication, August 2007)

Rudolph, A. 2008. Dopplemayr The Funitel [information Sheet] (Personal communication, May 2008)

Slack, L. 2006.What is Product design? Switzerland: Rotovision SA.

Sycholt, A. 2002. A Guide to the Drakensberg. Cape Town: Struik Publishers.

Turco, M. 1994. Visitors’ Guide to Lesotho. Natal: Southern Book Publishers.

The World Book Encyclopedia. 1995. s.v. Lesotho, vol. 12. pp.182 184

The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1986. s.v. Lesotho, 15th ed. pp.296 297 vol. 7

Grolier Academic Encyclopedia . 1995. s.v. Lesotho. pp.296 298.

76

WORLD WIDE WEB INFORMATION

Automatic Mass Production: Rivets. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/fasteng/Rivets.htm

[Accessed 10 October 2008].

Arboform: Engineering, Ethics, Aesthetics. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.tecnaro.de/english/arboform.htm

[Accessed 28 April 2008].

British Antarctic Survey: Latest News on Halley VI. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/living_and_working/research_stations/halley/halleyvi/

[Accessed 4 September 2008].

Chanel Mobile Art Container. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.chanel mobileart.com/?lang=en_eu

[Accessed 11 June 2008]

Chanel Mobile Art Container by Zaha Hadid. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.ihalife.com/blogs/entries/ 7008.htm

[Accessed 11 June 2008].

Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.doppelmayr.com

[Accessed 4 February 2008].

Ecolect: Discover Green Materials. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.ecolect.net/materials/view/arboform

[Accessed 2o May 2008].

Galzigbahn, St. Anton: History retold and the beginning of a new age. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.ropeways.net/aktuell/galzigbahn/galzigbahn.htm


Galzighbahn. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.driendl.at/index.php?id=51


Halley VI: Antarctic British research stations. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk/6_next.php)


Halley VI, 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.hbarchitects.co.uk/projects/halley.html


How Products Are Made: Acrylic Plastics. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.enotes.com/how products encyclopedia/acrylic plastic

[Accessed 2o October 2008].

77

Husque: recycled Macadamia Nut by Marc Harrison. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.husque.com


Hydrogen Cars: Honda Puyo. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.hydrogencarsnow.com/Honda Puyo.htm


JEEP® Vehicles. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.jeep.co.za/08cherokee/features/conveniences/

[Accessed 21 July 2008].

Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Project. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://maloti.opencms.co.za/site/


Materia: Material Explorer. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.materia.nl/575.0.html


NorcoGRP: About GRP Products. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.norco.co.uk/portal.aspx?mlmenuid=2057&targetportal=51&applicationid=33


Paraffin New Media Design: Fueling Brands. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.paraffin.co.za

[Accessed 17 October 2008].

Poma vehicles: Diamond. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.poma.net/english/produits/sporthiver/telecabine/diamond/main.htm


Poma vehicles: 8places. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.poma.net/english/produits/sporthiver/telecabine/8places/main.htm


Photo sharing: Ski and Snowboarding. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.flickr.com

[Accessed 4 November 2008].

Skilifts: Cable Tramway Terms. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.skilifts.org/glossary.htm


The Cool Hunter: Chanel Mobile Art Container by Zaha Hadid. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.thecoolhunter.net/events/Chanel Mobile Art Container By Zaha Hadid/


VISAR – Anti Reflection, AR, Coating on Acrylic PMMA. 2007. [online]

Available at: http://www.visionteksystems.co.uk/ar_coated_acyilic.htm


78

Wikipedia: Glass reinforced plastic. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass reinforced_plastic

[Accessed 2o May 2008]

Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion by Zaha Hadid 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.dezeen.com/2008/06/16/zaragoza bridge pavilion by zaha hadid/


Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion in Spain. 2008. [online]

Available at: http://www.tuvie.com/zaragoza bridge pavilion in spain as symbol of zaragoza expo 2008 by zaha hadid


RESOURCES FOR INSPIRATION AND CREATIVE THOUGHT

http://www.architonic.com

http://www.aida development.de

http://www.bruneiair.com

http://www.core77.com

http://www.designboom.com

http://www.design engine.com

http://www.designsponge.blogspot.com

http://www.dexigner.com

http://www.egganddart.com , A319 Business Jet

http://www.egganddart.com , A319 Business Jet

http://www.framemag.com

http://www.ids hamburg.de, Boeing BBJ VIP

http://www.mocoloco.com

http://www.placesandspaces.com

http://www.stylepark.com

http://www.swiss.com

http://www.treehugger.com

799

Figure 41: mountains and an aerial transport system (Louw:20005)

80

APPENDICES 1: TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

8

T

In

ca

1

he field of aerial ropew

n order to simplify matt

ases, common alternativ

ways is highly specialized

ters, this section is adde

ves are also included.

AERIAL LIFT:

AERIAL

TRAMWAY:

ANGLE STATION:

CABLE CAR

CARRIAGE:

d and, as such, has its ow

ed to provide a basic lis

An aerial lift is a m

hauled above the gro

Aerial tramway, funit

(http://www.skilifts.o

An aerial tramway i

sometimes incorrect

systems in the Alpin

Téléphérique and Se

car" is the normal t

generally refers to a

A structure at whic


cable car is any of a v

along or lower them


(Or cabin; car; funite

The carriage is the ve

wn terminology and def

st of terms used in aeria

eans of transport in w

ound by means of a cabl

tel, gondola lift, funifor a

org).

s a type of aerial lift,

tly referred to as a gon

ne regions of Europe, th

eilbahn are often also u

term in British English,

railed street tramway (h

ch the lateral directio

org)..

variety of transportation

at a steady rate, or a ve

org)..

l; gondola; chair; carrier

ehicle, which carries the

TERMINOLOG

finitions, which may be

al ropeway technology

which funitels, gondolas

e. Types of aerial lifts in

and detachable lift

often called a cable c

ndola. Because of the p

he French and German

used in an English langu

as in British English t

http://www.skilifts.org).

on of the path of the

n systems relying on cab

ehicle on these systems

r)

passengers (http://www

GY AND DEFINITIONS

considered unusual.

and design. In some

s or open chairs are

nclude:

car or ropeway, and

proliferation of such

language names of

uage context. "Cable

he word "tramway"

..

e ropeway changes

bles to pull vehicles

w.skilifts.org).

822

DETACHABLE

CHAIRLIFT:

FUNITEL:

FUNIFOR:

GONDOLA:

A detachable chairlif

a fixed grip chairlift,

rope (called a hau

intermediate towers

Some are installed at

The significance of d

Detachable chairlifts

versus a typical fix

passengers could saf

powerful spring load

for convenient loadin

A Funifor is a type of

loop per cabin. The

reversible cabins ru

interconnected. At t

bottom instead of lo

tramway. This featu

independent drive a

between the two a

stability in high win

guide ropes compris

a system (http://ww

A Funifor is a type of

loop per cabin. The

reversible cabins ru

interconnected. At t

bottom instead of lo

tramway. This featu

independent drive a

between the two adj

A gondola lift is a typ

steel cable that is

supporting towers.

connected to an e

comfortable ride an

urban environment.

and are designed wit

the terminals at cre

capacity varies from

per hour (http://www

ft or high speed chairlift

consists of numerous c

l rope) that is strung

s. They are now commo

t tourist attractions as w

detachable chairlift tech

s move far faster than

grip speed 2.5 m/s. B

fely disembark and load

ded cable grip, which de

ng and unloading, typica

f aerial lift or aerial tram

Funifor design is paten

un on parallel tracks.

he top of each track, th

ooping over to serve the

ure allows for single ca

lso allows for evacuatio

djacent cabins. The ma

nd conditions owing to

ing each track. The Tabl

w.skilifts.org).

f aerial lift or aerial tram

Funifor design is paten

un on parallel tracks.

he top of each track, th

ooping over to serve the

ure allows for single ca

lso allows for evacuatio

jacent cabins (http://ww

pe of aerial lift, often ca

s strung between two

The cable is driven b

engine or electric mo

nd this system can be

The enclosed carriers p

th a strong focus on fam

eep speed and accelera

m four to 15 persons, an

w.skilifts.org).

t is a type of passenger a

chairs attached to a con

between two (or mo

onplace at all but the sm

well as for urban transpo

hnology is primarily the

their fixed grip brethre

ecause the cable move

d, each chair is connect

etaches at terminals and

ally 1 m/s (http://www.s

mway with two guide ro

nted by Doppelmayr Ga

The drives of the t

he haul rope for that tra

e other track as occurs

abin operation when t

ns to occur by means of

ain advantage of the F

the horizontal distanc

e Mountain Cableway is

mway with two guide ro

nted by Doppelmayr Ga

The drives of the t

he haul rope for that tra

e other track as occurs

abin operation when t

ns to occur by means of

ww.skilifts.org).

alled a cable car, which

o stations, sometimes

by a bullwheel in the

otor. Gondolas ropew

used in ski areas, tour

provide full protection a

milies and the elderly. C

ate to aline speed of

nd system capacity can

aerial lift, which, like

nstantly moving wire

ore) terminals over

mallest of ski resorts.

ortation.

speed and capacity.

en, averaging 6 m/s

es faster than most

ted to the cable by a

d slows considerably

skilifts.org).

opes and a haul rope

raventa Group. Two

wo cabins are not

ack loops back to the

with a normal aerial

raffic warrants. The

f a bridge connected

Funifor system is its

ce between the two

s an example of such

opes and a haul rope

raventa Group. Two

wo cabins are not

ack loops back to the

with a normal aerial

raffic warrants. The

f a bridge connected

consists of a loop of

over intermediate

terminal, which is

ways offer a highly

ism resorts and the

gainst the elements,

arries travel through

up to 6m/s. Carrier

reach 3600 persons

833

DRIVE

DRIVE TERMINAL

MAZE

GRIP: (or clamp)

HANGER:

LINE:

MONO CABLE:

The "brains" of the

of voltage sent to th

powered by Direct C

smoothly and effici

circuitry, which shut

or in one of the term

The terminal which

circuitry. It can be a

drive.") A top drive

requires the ski are

(http://www.skilifts.

The area in which sk

are designed to opti


The grip is the device

The hanger is the loa


The axis of the rope

A mono cable ropew

This rope performs b


lift. The drive is the ele

he primary motor of the

Current, controlled by th

ently. The drive is also

ts down the lift automat

minals (http://www.skilif

houses the motor, gea

at either the top or th

lift is slightly more en

a to run electric servic

org).

kiers and snowboarders

imise chairlift loading. S

org).

e, which attaches the ha

ad bearing structure fro

org).

viewed in plan (http://w

way is one where the car

both the carrying and th

org).

ctronic circuitry which c

e lift and controls its spe

he drive, which allow th

o tied in with all of th

tically in the event of a

fts.org).

rbox, auxiliary engine a

he bottom of the lift ("

ergy efficient than a b

e to the summit, which

s gather while waiting to

Skiers and riders often c

anger to the rope (http:/

m the rope to the carria

www.skilifts.org).

rriage is attached direct

he hauling functions

controls the amount

eed. Modern lifts are

hem to operate very

he lift's inline safety

problem on the line

and drive and safety

top drive," "bottom

ottom drive lift, but

h can be very costly

o board a lift. Mazes

call mazes "lift lines"

//www.skilifts.org).

age

ly to a single rope.

844

An overhead interior s

MULTI CABLE:

ROPE:

TERMINALS:

TRESTLE/TOWER

surface that bound the u

Except for the double

the carriage to run o

effort is supplied by

supporting wheels. I

directly to two carryin

Rope in aerial ropew

wires and/or spiral r

configuration of th


Buildings at the ends

line). Passengers m


A trestle is a structur

order to either suppo

characteristics (http:/

upper limit of a space. G

The lower horizont

e mono cable ropeway,

n wheels on a stationar

hauling or moving rop

In case of double mon

ng hauling ropes (http:/

way always refers to wire

ropes. The rope may ha

he wires (or strand

org).

s of a line (stations may

may embark, transfer

org).

re of steel or concrete sp

ort or depress the rope

//www.skilifts.org)..

Uppe

Generally not a structura

tal surface of a space an

, multi cable ropeways

ry rope(s) called the tra

pe(s) which is attached

no cable ropeway, the

//www.skilifts.org).

e rope consisting of sev

ave a fibre core strand

) in the rope depe

y be situated at interm

or alight only at ter

paced along the line of

to maintain the correct

CABLE C

er covering of a building

al element, but a finishe

the underside of the

nd/or the supporting stru

are those that allow

ack rope. The motive

to the bogie of the

carriage is attached

veral strands of steel

in some cases. The

ends on its duty

mediate points in the

rminals or stations

an aerial ropeway in

t profile and tension

CAR RELATED TERMS:

ROOF

g, car, cavity or space

CEILING

ed surface concealing

roof structure above

FLOOR

ucture underneath it

86

APPENDICES2: MANUFACTURING

87

MANUFACTURING

>>

RESIN TRANSFER MOULDING (RTM)

>

Description

Fabrics are laid up as a dry stack of materials. These fabrics are sometimes pre pressed to the mould shape, and held together by a binder.

These ‘performs’ are then more easily laid into the mould tool. A second mould tool is then clamped over the first, and resin is injected

into the cavity.

Figure 42: Resin Transfer Moulding (Composite Materials information sheet 2007)

>

Main Advantages:

_ High fibre volume laminates can be obtained with very low void contents (Moore, 2007).

_ Good health and safety, and environmental control due to enclosure of resin (Moore, 2007).

_ Possible labour reductions (Moore, 2007).

_ Both sides of the component have a moulded surface (Moore, 2007).

88

>>

WET LAY UP/HAND LAY UP

>

Description

Resins are impregnated by hand into fibres which are in the form of woven, knitted, stitched or bonded fabrics. This is usually

accomplished by rollers or brushes, with an increasing use of nip roller type impregnators for forcing resin into the fabrics by means of

rotating rollers and a bath of resin. Laminates are left to cure under standard atmospheric conditions.

Figure 43 Wet Lay Up/Hand Lay Up (Composite Materials information sheet 2007)

>

Main Advantages:

_ Widely used for many years (Moore, 2007).

_ Simple principles to teach (Moore, 2007).

_ Low cost tooling, if room temperature cure resins are used (Moore, 2007).

_ Wide choice of suppliers and material types (Moore, 2007).

_ Higher fibre contents, and longer fibres than with spray lay up (Moore, 2007).

89

>>

VACUUM BAGGING

>

Description

This is basically an extension of the wet lay up process described above where pressure is applied to the laminate once laid up in order to

improve its consolidation. This is achieved by sealing a plastic film over the wet laid up laminate and onto the tool. The air under the bag is

extracted by a vacuum pump and thus up to one atmosphere of pressure can be applied to the laminate to consolidate it.

Figure 44: Vacuum Bagging (Composite Materials information sheet 2007)

>

Main Advantages:

_ Higher fibre content laminates can usually be achieved than with standard wet lay up techniques (Moore, 2007).

_ Lower void contents are achieved than with wet lay up (Moore, 2007).

_ Better fibre wet out due to pressure and resin flow throughout structural fibres, with excess into bagging materials (Moore,

2007).

_ Health and safety: The vacuum bag reduces the amount of volatiles emitted during cure (Moore, 2007)

90

>>

RESIN FILM INFUSION (RFI)

>

Description

Dry fabrics are laid up interleaved with layers of semi solid resin film supplied on a release paper. The lay up is vacuum bagged to remove

air through the dry fabrics, and then heated to allow the resin to first melt and flow into the air free fabrics, and then after a certain time,

to cure.

Figure 45: Resin Film Infusion (Composite Materials information sheet 2007)

>

Main Advantages:

_ High fibre volumes can be accurately achieved with low void contents (Moore, 2007).

_ Good health and safety and a clean lay up, like prepreg (Moore, 2007).

_ High resin mechanical properties due to solid state of initial polymer material and elevated temperature cure (Moore, 2007).

_ Potentially lower cost than prepreg, with most of the advantages (Moore, 2007).

_ Less likelihood of dry areas than SCRIMP process due to resin travelling through fabric thickness only (Moore, 2007).

bibliography books and documentation

Documents