bibliography - inflibnetshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19031/17/17_bibliography.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Bibliography
Primary literary sources:
Aitareya Brtihmana, 1920. ed. & tr. A B. Keith, Harvard Oriental Series, Vol XXV,
Cambridge: Mass.
Anguttara Nikiiya,Vol. I-II, 1896-1900. ed. R Morris, Vol. III-VI, ed. E. Hardy,
London: P.T.S; tr. F. L. Woodward and E. M Hare, 1932. The Book of
Gradual Saying, London: P. T.S.
Astastihasrikii Prajfiiipiiramitti, 1888. ed. R L. Mitra,'tr. E. Conza, 1970. Calcutta:
Bibliotheca Indica Series.
Atharvaveda, 1856. ed. R Roth, Berlin; tr. M Bloomfield, 1897. Sacred Book theEmt,
Vol. XLII, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Arthastistra, 1959. (re print) ed. R Shamasastry, Mysore: Mysore Printing and
Publishing House.
Atthastilini, 1897. ed. F. W. K Muller, London; P.T.S; tr. P. M Tin, 1920-1921.
Expositor, Vol. I-II, London: P.T.S.
Atthasti/inf, (Sinhala script) 1916. ed. Kahawe Ratanasara, Colombo: Samayawardana
Press.
Apastamba Dharmastistra, 1892-1894. ed. G. Buhler, Bombay; Sanskrit Series; tr. G.
BUhler, 1897. Sacred Book of the East, Vol. II, Oxford: Oxford University
·Press.
Apastamba Srauta Siitra 1982-1903. ed. Garbe, Calcutta.: Bibliotheca Indica Series.
Asvaltiyana Srauta Siitra 1882. ed. Mandane Misra, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Series.
Baudhytiyana Srauta Siitra, 1904-1931. ed. W. Caland, Calcutta: Asiatic Society.
Bodhicarytivattira ofStintideva, 1955. ed. Louis Ia Vallee Poussin, Calcutta: Bibliotheca
Indica Series.
472
Brhadiiranyaka Upanisad, 1889. ed. R A Hume, tr. Max Muller, Sacred Book of the
East, Vol. I, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ciilavamsa, Vol. I-II, 1925. ed. W. Geiger, London: P.T.S.
Daladii Sirita, (Sinhala script) 1955. ed. Valivitiye Sorata, Colombo: Grantaloka.
Diithiivamsa, (Sinhala script) 1915. ed. Dharmakirthi, Colombo: Mahabodhi Press.
Dhammapada, 1914. ed. Suriyagoda Sumangala, London: P.T.S.
Dhammapadatthakathii, 1906-1914. ed. H. C. Norman, London: P.T.S.
Dhampiya Atuvii Giitapadaya, (Sinhala script) 1927. ed. D. B. Jayatilaka, Colombo: M
D. Gunasena & Company.
Dhiituvamsa, (Sinhala script) 1978. ed. K Nandaratana, Colombo: M D. Gunasena &
Company.
Dfgha Nikiiya, Vol. l-ID, 1990-1911. ed. T. W. Rhys Davids, J. E. Carpentre, London:
P. T.S.; tr. T. W. Rhys Davids and C. A F. Rhys Davids 1910. Dialogues of
the Buddha Vol I-Ill, London: P.T.S.
D'ipavamsa, 1982. ed. H. Oldemberg, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
Divyiivadiina, 1987. (reprint) E. B. Cowell and R A Nei~ Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Gautama Dharmasiitra, 1879. ed. & tr. G. Buhler, Sacred Book of the East, Vol. ll,
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gobhila Grhya Siitra, 1907-1908. ed. C. Tarkalankara, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica
Series; tr. H. Oldernberg, Sacred Book of the East, Vol. XXX, Oxford:
Calendar Press.
Gopatha Briihmana, 1870-1872. ed. R L. Mitra, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica Series.
Jiitaka, Vol. I-VI, 1871-1896. ed. V. Fausooll, London: P.T.S, tr. E. B. Cowell
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
473
Jiitakamii/ii of Aryasura, 1895. ed. H. Kern, Boston; tr. J. Speyer, Sacred Book of the
East, Vol XXII, London. Oxford University Press.
Kankhiivitarani (Sinhala script), 1924. ed. K Indraratana, Alutgarna.
Kama Siitra of Bhadrabiihu, 1929. ed. Damodar Sastri, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica
Series.
Kiimandakiyii Nitisiistra or the Elements of Polity, 1978. ed. Manmath Nath Dutt,
Varanasi: Chowkamba Sanskrit Series Office.
Kiithaka Samhitii, 1900-1911, ed. Von Schroeder, Leipzig, tr. A B. Keith, 1910,
London: Journal of Asiatic Society.
Kiityiiyana Srauta Siitra, 1933-1937, ed. V. Sharma, Benares. Indio logical Book Depot.
Kausika Siitra, 1890. ed. M Bloomfield, New Heven.
Kausitaki Briihmana, 1897. ed. B. Linduer, Jena, tr. A B. Keith, 1920. Harvard
Oriental Series, Vol~. Cambridge: Mass.
Lalitavistara, 1877-1886. ed. & tr. R L. Mitra, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica Series.
Liityiiyana Srauta Siitra, 193 7. ed. A C. Ve Dan Tavagisa, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica
Series.
Mahiibhiirata (all volumes), 1975. ed & tr. RC. Roy, Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass.
Mahiibodhivamsa 1891. ed. Arthur Strong, London: P.T.S.
Mahiibodhivamsa (Sinhala script), 1929. ed. Baddegarna, Dhamrnaratana Waligarna.
Mahiisannasahita Visuddhimiirgaya (Sinhala script), 1949-55. ed. B. Sraddhatisya,
Kalutara.
Mahiivamsa, 1958. ed. Withem Geiger, London P.T.S.
Maitriyiini Samhitii, 1871-1872. ed. Idem, Leipzig.
475
Saddhnniilankiiraya (Sinhala script), 1938. ed. K. Sarananda, Colombo: Grantaloka
Press.
Sahassavatthupakarana (Sinhala script), 1959. ed. Polvatte Buddhadatta, Colombo: M
D. Gunasena & Company.
Samantapiisiidikii (Sinhala script), 1900. ed. U. S. N. Dharmakirt~ Colombo: Grantaloka
Press.
Samantapiisiidikii, Vol. I-VII, 1924-47, ed. J. Takakusu and M Naga~ London: P.T.S.
Sammohavinodanf, 1923. ed. Polvatte Buddhadatta, London: P.T.S.
Sammohavinodanf (Sinhala script), 1932. Yagirala Paiifiananda, Colombo: Tripitaka
Press.
Samyutta Nikiiya, Vol. I-V ,1884-1991. ed. L. Peer, London: P.T.S; tr. C. A. F. Rhys
Davids 1917-1930. Books of Kindred Saying, London: P.T.S.
Sankhyiiyana Srauta Siitra, 1886-1889. ed. A. Hillebrandt, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica
Series.
Siiratthappakiisinf, 1927-1937. ed. F. L Woodward, London: P.T.S.
Satapatha Briihmana, 1882-1990. tr. J. Eggeling, Sacred Book of the East, Vol.
XII,XXVI, XU, XLIII, London; Oxford University Press.
Sfhalavatthupakarana (Sinhala script), 1959. ed. Polvatte Buddhadatta, Colombo: M
D. Gunasena & Company.
Sukranfti, 1978. ed. L. GopaL Varanasi; Bharatiya Prakashan.
Sumangalavilasinf (Sinhala script), 1918, 1925. ed. Dhammakitti Sri Devamitta,
Colombo: Tripitaka Press.
Sumangalavilasinf Vol. I-III, 1930-1932. ed. Rhys Davids, J. E. Carpenter and
W. Stede, London: P.T.S.
474
Majjhima Nikiiya, Vol. I ,1888-1899. ed., V. Ttrenckner, Vol. IT-Ill, ed. R Charlmers,
London: P. T. S.; tr. I. B. Homer 1954-1959. Middle Length Saying, London:
P.T.S.
Manorathapiiranf, Vol. I-IV 1930-1940. ed. Max Welleser and Hermann Kopp,
London: P.T.S.
Milindapafiho, 1928. ed. V. Trenckner, London: Royal Asiatic Society.
Nikiiya Sangrahaya (Sinhala script), 1966. ed. D. P. K Samaranayaka, Colombo: M D.
Gunasena & Company.
Paficavimsa Bnihmana, 1894. ed. A Vedantavagisa, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indiaca
Series, tr. W. Cland, 1935. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica Series.
Papaficasiidanf (Sinhala script), 1917, ed. Dhammakitti Sri Dhammarama, Colombo:
Vidyasagara Press.
fapaiicasiidanf, 1922-38, ed. J. H. Woods, D. Kosambi and I. B. Homer, London:
P.T.S.
• Paramatthadipanf, 1939. ed. D. L. Barua, London: P.T.S.
Paramatthajotikii, 1916. ed. Helmer Smith, London: P.T.S.
Piijiiva/iya (Sinhala script), 1932. ed. Mabopitiye Medankara, Colombo: Granthaloka
Press.
Riijadharmakaustumba of Anantadeva, 1935. ed. Guekward Oriental Series, Baroda.
Riijaratniikaraya (Sinhala script), 1907. ed. Simon de Silva, Colombo: GrantalokaPress .
.f!.gveda 1891. ed. Max Muller, Sacred Book of the East, Vol. XXXII; ed. H. Olderngerg
1897. Sacred Book of the East, Vol. XL VI, Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Rasaviihin'i (Sinhala script), 1960. ed. Nikahatiye Somananda, Colombo: M. D.
Gunasena & Company.
476
Suttanipiita, 1913. Dines Andersen& Helmer Smith, London: P.T.S.
Taittirfya Brahmana, 1955-1970. ed. R L. Mitra, Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica Series.
Taittir'iya Samhitii, 1914. ed. A Weber, tr. A B. Keith, Harvard Oriental Series, Vol.
XVIIT & XIX, Cambridge: Mass.
The Agni Purana, ed, tr. N. Gangadharan, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
The Asokiivadana, 1963. ed. S. K Mukhopadhyaya, Delhi, Sahitya Acadami.
The Commentary to the Cariylipitaka. (Sinhala script), 1929. ed. K Devarakkhita,
Colombo: The Tripitaka Publication Press.
The KautilyaArthasiistra, 1970. (reprint) ed. and tr. R P. Kangle, Bombay: University
of Bombay.
The Law of the Manu, 1886. ed. G. Buhler, tr. Max Muller, Sacred Book of the East,
Vol. XXXIll, Oxford: Oxford University Pr~s.
The Viilmiki Riimayana, Vol. I-VII, 1960-75. ed. G. H. Bhatt and W. P. Shah, Baroda:
Oriental Institute; tr. Robert P. Goldman, Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
Thera Gathli, 1883. ed. H. Oldenberg and R Pischel, London: P.T.S; tr. C. A F. Rhys
Davids, 1909-1913, London: P.T.S.
Theri Giithii, 1883. ed. R Pischel, London: P.T.S.
Thiipavamsa, 1935. ed. B. C. Law, London; P.T.S.
VamsatthappakiisiniVol. I, II, 1935. ed. G. P. Malalasekara, London: P.T.S.
Viijasaneyi Samhitli, 1852. ed. A. Weber, London: Calendar Press.
Vimlinavastthu, 1886. ed. E. R Goonaratna, London: P.T.S.
Visuddhimagga, 1920-1921. ed. C. A F. Rhys Davids, London; P.T.S.
Visnudharmottara, 1924. ed. Priyabala Shar, tr. S. Kranrisch, 1961. Calcutta.
Udana, 1885. ed. P. Stainthal. London: P.T.S.
Yajiiavalkya Smrti, 1928. ed. & tr. N. R Acharya, Bombay: Sagaro Press.
Primary archaeological sources:
Ancient Inscriptions ofCeylon, 1883. ed. E. Muller, London: Turbner.
Archaeological Survey of Ceylon Annual Reports, from 1884 (in progress)
Archaeological Survey of India (Report), A Cunningham Series, from 1862 (in
progress)
477
Archaeological Survey of India (Annual Reports), New Imperial Series, from 1903-1904
(in progress).
Basak, Radha Govinda 1959. Asoka Inscriptions, Calcutta; Calcutta Progress Publisher.
Bell, H. C. P. 1917. "Dimbulagala its Caves Ruins and Inscriptions," The Ceylon
Antiquary and Literary Register, Vol III, part 1, pp. 1-12; Vol. III,
part. 2, pp. 69-79.
Bell, H. C. P. 1918. "Archaeological Research in the Egoda Pattuva at
Tamankaduwa," The Ceylon Antiquary and Literary Register, Vol. III,
part. 3, pp. 293-215.
Bellew, H. W. 1864. A General Report on the Yusufzais, Lahor: Oriental Press.
Bloch, Jules 1950. Inscription d'Asoka, Paris: Societe d' Edition, les Belles Letters.
Catalogue of Coins in the Pan jab Museum, Lahore, 1914. ed. R B. Whitehead,
Chicago: Argonaut Publishers.
478
Collins, C. H. 1932. "The Archaeology of the Sabaragamuwa Bintanna," The Journal of ·
the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch),Vol. XXV, No. 85, pp. 158-184.
Conningham, A E. Robin "Anuradhapura Citadel Archaeological Projects British
Sub-project Anuradhapura Salgaha Watta Preliminary Report 1989-1990,"
Ancient Ceylon, Vol V, No.2, 1990, pp. 23-47
Corpous Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. I, 1925. ed. E. Hultzsch, :London: Oxford
University Press.
Corpous Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. II, part. 1. 1929. ed. Sten Knows, Calcutta:
Government of India.
Corpous Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. III, 1888. ed. J. F. Fleet, Calcutta: Government
Press.
Epigraphia Indica Vol. I-XLI ,1892-1989. Delhi: Archaeological Survey oflndia.
Epigraphia Zeyl(lnica Vol. I, 1912. ed. D. MD. Z. Wikramasingha, London:Oxford
University Press.
Epigraphia ZeylanicaVol. II, 1928. ed. D. M.D. Z. Wikramasingha, London: Oxford
University Press.
Epigraphia Zeylanica Vol. iii, 1933. ed. S. Paranavitana, London: Oxford University
Press.
Epigraphia Zeylanica Vol. IV, 1944. ed. S. Paranavitana, London: Oxford University Press.
Epigraphia Zeylanica Vol. V, 1955. ed. S. Paranavitana, Colombo: Department of
Archaeology.
Epigraphical Notes No. 1-18, 1991. ed. Malani Dias, Colombo: Department of Archaeology.
479
Fuhrer, A. 1972.(re print) Antiquities of Buddha's birth place in the Nepalese Tarai,
Delhi: Indiological Book House.
Gardner, P. 1886. Coins of the Greek and Scuthic King of Bactria and India in the
British Museum, London: Trustees.
Howell, J. R 1995. Excavation at Sannathi, Dellii: Archaeological Survey oflndia.
Hurnbach, H. 1978. "The Ararnic ASoka Inscription from Taxila, Journal ojCentral
Asia, Vol I, No. 2, pp. 82-98.
Indian Archaeology .. , A Review, New Delhi: Archaeological Survey oflndia, from 1953
(in progress)
Inscriptions ofCeylon Vol. I, 1970. ed. S. Paranavitana, Colombo: Department of
Archaeology.
Inscriptions of Ceylon Vol. II, part. I, 1983. ed. S. Paranavitana, Colombo: Department of
Archaeology.
Luders, Heinrich 1961. Mathura Inscription, ed. Klaus L. Janert, Gottingen:
Vandechoeck and Ruprech.
MarshalL 1.1951. Taxila, Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Mukherj~ P. C. 1969. Antiquities of Kapi/avastu, Tarai of Nepal, Dellii: Indiological
House.
Nicholas, C. W. 1952. '"Text of the Briihmi Inscriptions in the Early Ruhuna National
Park," Journal of the Roya/AsiaticSociety(CeylonBranch), (N.S), Vol. II,
part. 1 & 2, pp. 126-140.
Nicholas, C. W. 1956. "The Briihmi Inscriptions in the Yiila East Wild Life Reserve,"
Sir Paul Peiris Felicitation Volume, ed. S. Paranavitana and Julius Lanerolle,
Colombo, Apothecaris & Company, pp. 126-140.
480
Nicholas, C. W. 1958. " Some Lesser Kno_wn Pre-Christian Ruins, Part I - Rohana,".
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch), (N. S ), Vo I. V, part. 2,
pp. 138-159.
Paranavitana, S. 1928-33. "Epigraphical Summary," Ceylon Journal of Science (Section
G) Vol. I, part 1, pp. 165-173, Vol. IT, part 1, pp. 17-29,35-71, Vol II, part.
2, pp. 96-97' 99-128.
Paranavitana, S. 1962. " An Inscription of circa 200 B. C. at R.ajagala Commemorating
SaintMahinda," UniversityofCeylonReview, Vol. XX, No.2, pp 159-162.
RijaL Babu Krishna.1997. "Excavation at Mayadevi Temple in Lumbini," The Buddha
Era, (Monthly Magazine of Nepal) No.4, pp. 13-17.
Sahni, D. R 1970. Excavation Report ofBairiit, Delh~ Archaeology Survey of India.
Sarma, I. K and J. Varaprasada Rao 1993. Early Briihmi Inscriptions from Sannathi,
New Delhi: Harman Publishing House.
Sharma, G. R 1960. Excavation at Kausambi, Allahabad: University of Allahabad.
Sharma, S. K and S. N. Mishra 1992. Excavation at Kakrehtha (Rupaniith), Delhi:
Agam Kala Prakashan
Sircar, Dines Chandra 1993. (reprint) Select Inscription Bearing on Indian History and
Civilization, Vol I, Delhi: V. K Publishing House.
Sirivastava, K M. 1996. Piprahwa and Ganwaria, New Delhi: Archaeology Survey
of India.
Smith, Vincent A. 1969.(re print) A Report on a Tour of Exploration of the Antiquities
of Kapilavastu Tarai of Nepal, Delhi: Indeological Book House.
Vogel, J. 1910. Catalogue of the Archaeological Museum at Mathura, Allahabad: Government Press.
Wilson, H. H. 1838. "Account of a Visit to Gimar," Journal of Asiatic Society(Benga/
Branch), Vol. VII, pp. 334-355.
481
Wilson, H. H. 1848. "On t4e Rock Inscription of Kapurdigiri Dhauli and Girinar," The
Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XII, pp. 234-256.
Secondary sources
•
Abbott. J. 1988. Indian Rituals and Belief The Key of Power, New Delhi: Usha
Publication.
Abeynayake, Oliver 1994. "Raja Cakkavatti: the Normative King and the ideal Society of
Buddhism," Sri Lanka Journal of Buddhist Studies, Vol. IV, pp. 69- 90.
Adikaram E. W.1953. Early History of Buddhism in Ceylon, Colombo: MD. Gunasemi
&Company.
Adikaram, E. W. 1969. "Introduction of Buddhism and Its Influence on Learning,"
Education in Ceylon, part 1, pp. 9-16 .
Agrawala, R S. 1982. Trade Centres and Routes in Northern India, Delhi: B. R
Publication Cooperation.
Agrawa!a, Vasudeva 8.1965. Indian Art: A History of Indian Art from the Earliest Times
up to the Third Century A.D., Varanasi: Prithvi Prakasha.
Agrawala, W. J. 1964. Wheel flag of India: Chakra- Dhvaja, Varanasi: Prithvi
Prakashan.
Ahir~ D. C. 1995. Asoka the Great, Delhi: B. R Publishing House.
Aiyer, Sivaswamy P. S. 1935. Evolution of Hindu Moral Ideals, Calcutta: Calcutta
University.
Akirawa, Hirakawa 1990. A History of Indian Buddhism:from Siikyamuni to Early
Mahiiyiina, Hawaii: University of Hawaii.
Allchin, F. R and K R Norman 1985. " Guide to the ASokan Inscriptions," South
Asian Studies, Vol. I, pp. 43-53.
482
Allchin, F. R 1995. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of
Cities and State, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Altekar, A S. 1954. State and Government in Ancient India from Earliest Times to
1200 A. D., Varanasi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Ariyapala, M B. 1956. Society in Medieval Ceylon, Colombo: K V. G. De Silva.
Ariyasena, Kaburupitiye 1986. An Introduction to the Buddhist Philosophy of the
State, Colombo: Lake House.
Babu, Sridhara 1975. Kingship: State and Religion in South India According to·
South Indian Historical Biographies of Kings (Madhuravijaya,
Acyutariiyiibhyudaya and Vemabhupalacarita), Gottingen.
Bandaranayake, Senake 1990. " The Periodization of Sri Lankan History and some
Related Historical and Archaeological Problem," Asian Panorama: Essays
in Asian History Past and Present, ed. K M De Silva, Sirima Kiribar.•une
and C. R De Silva, Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, pp. 3-24.
Bandhopadhyaya, Naraya Chandra 1980.(re print) Development of Hindu Polity and
Political Theory, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
· Bapat, P. V. 1953. "Four Auspicious Things of the Buddhist: Srivatsa, Svastika,
Nandiyavarta and Vardhamana, Indica: The Indian Historical Research
Institute Silver Jubilee Commemoration Volume, No. 18, Bombay: St
Xaviers College, pp. 38-46.
Bareau, Andre 1980." The Place ofthe Buddha Gautama in the Buddhist Religion
during the Reign of ASoka ," Buddhist Studies: in Honour of Walpola
Rahula, ed. Somaratna Balasuriya et al. London: The Garden Fraser
Gallery, pp. 1-9.
Barna, Beni Madhab 1968. (re print) Asoka and his Inscriptions, New Delhi: New
Age Publisher.
Barna, Dipak Kumar, 1967. "Origin OfThe State: a Buddhist Approach," The
Mahiibodhi, Vol 75(12), pp. 390-393.
Barna, Dipak Kumar 1969. Vihiiras in Ancient India, Calcutta: Indian Publishers.
483
Basham, A L. 1952. "Prince Vijaya and the Aryanization of Ceylon," The Historical Journal, Vol I, No.3, pp. 163-171.
Basham, A L. 1954. The Wonder that was India, London: Sidgwick and Jackson.
Basham, A L. 1956. Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture, Bombay: Asia Publishing
House.
Basu, Jogiraj 1966. " The Coronation Ceremony in Ancient India," Professor Surya
Kumar Bhuyan Commemoration Volume, ed, Maheshwar Neog, Assam: All
Indian Oriental Conference, pp. 83-90.
Basu, Jyotirmoye 1953. "The Concept of Dharma and Hindu Society," Journal ofthe
Bihar Research Society, Vol. LVII, part. 1-4, pp. 66-73.
Basu, Nirmal Kumar 1929. "Some Ancient Remains ofBhubaneswa!"," Journal of the
Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Vol. XV, pp. 259-262.
Beal, Samuel. 1969.(re print) Si-Yu-Ki or Buddhist Records of the Western World, Delhi:
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation.
Bechert, Heinz 1970. " Theravada Buddhist Sangha: Some General Observations on
Historical and Political Factors in its Development," Journal of Asian Studies,
Vol. XXIX, No.4, pp. 761-778.
Bechert, Heinz 1978. "The Beginnings ofBuddhist Historiography: Mahavamsa and Political Thinking," Religion and Legitimation of Power in Sri Lanka, ed. Bardwell L. Smith, Chambersburg, pp. 1-12.
484
Begley, V. 1967. "Archaeological Explorations in Northern Ceylon," Expedition, Vol.
IX, No.4, pp. 21-29.
Begley, V. 1981. "Excavations oflron Age Pomparippu 1970," Ancient Ceylon, No. 4,
pp. 43-149.
Bhandarkar, D. R 1925. Some Aspects of Ancient Hindu Polity, Calcutta: Calcutta
University Press.
Bhandarkar, D. R 1925. Asoka, Calcutta: Calcutta University Press.
Bhattacharyya, N. N. 1993. Buddhism in the History of Indian Ideas, New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
Bhattacharyya, N. N. 1996. Ancient Indian Rituals and there Social Contend, New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
Brown, Percy 1956. (reprint) Indian Architecture: Buddhist and Hindu Period,
Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala Publications.
Burns, M Douglas 1965. Buddhism, Science and Atheism, Bangkok: Chuan House
Printing Press.
Carrithers, B. Michael 1984. " They will be Lords Upon the Island: Buddhist in Sri
Lanka," The World of the Buddhism, ed. Heinz Bechert and Richard
Gombrich, London: Tomes and Hudson, pp. 133-146.
Carter, John Ross 1985. Dhamma Western Academic and Sinhalese Buddhist
Interpretations: A Study of a Religious Concept, Tokyo: The Hokuseido
Press.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. 1995. The Archaeology of Ancient Indian Cities, Delhi: Oxford
University Press.
Chakraborty, S. K. 1973. A Study of Ancient Indian Numismatics from Earliest Time to
the Rise of the Imperial Guptas, Varanasi: Bharatiya Publishing House.
Chakravart~ T. P. 194 7-1948. " The Minor Rock Edicts of A.Soka and connected
Problem," Ancient India, No. 4. pp. 14-26.
Chakravart~ Urna 1996. The Social Dimension of Early Buddhism, New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
485
Chandra, Moti 1977, Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India, New Delhi: Abhinava
Publication.
Chattopadhyya, Aparna 1990. Aspect of Ancient Indian History and Culture, Allahabad:
KitabMahal
Chattopadhyya, Bhaskara 1977. Coins and Icons: A Study of Myths and Symbols in
Indian Numismatic Art, Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.
Claessen, Henri J. M and Peter Skalnik 1981. The Study of the State, The Hague:
Mouton Publishers.
Codrington, H. W. 1947. A Short History of Ceylon, London: Macmillan & Company.
Cottrell, Leonard 1964. The Lost Pharaohs, London: Pan Books Limited.
Conninghani, A E. Robin 1995. " Monks, Caves and Kings: A Reassessment of the
Nature of Early Buddhist in Sri Lanka," World Archaeology, Vol XXVII,
No. 2, pp. 222-242.
Coomaraswamy, A K. 1909 "Mahayana Buddhist Image and Ceylon and Java,"
Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 283-297.
Coornaraswamy, A K. 1914. Bronzes from Ceylon, Memories of the Colombo Museum,
Colombo: Government Press.
Coornaraswamy, A K. 1923. Catalogue of the Indian Collection in the Boston ~
of Fine Arts, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
486
Coomaraswamy, A K 1971.(re print), Origin of the Buddha's Image, New Delhi:
Munishiram ManoharlalPublisher & Distributors.
Cunningham, A 1962. The Supa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with
Numerous Sculptures, Varanasi: Indological Book House.
Cunningham, A 1963. The Ancient Geography of India, Varanasi: Indiological Book
House.
Cunningham, A 1966. (re print), The Bhilsa Topes or Buddhist Monuments of Central
India, Varanasi: Indialogical Book House.
Cunningham, A 1971. Coins of the Scythian Saka and Kushanas, Varanasi: Indio logical
Book House.
Cunningham, A 1972. Origin of the Buddha 's Image, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharla
Publisher & Distributors.
Davids, Rhys C. A F. 1934. Outlines of Buddhism: A Historical Sketch, London:
Methuen & Company.
Davids, Rhys T. W. 1971. (reprint), Buddhist India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Dehejia, Vidya 1988. " Buddha Gaya and Sri Lanka," The Site of Enlightenment, ed.
Janice Leoshko, Bombay, pp. 89-100.
Dehejia, Vidya 1997. Discourse in Early Buddhist Arts: Visual Narratives of India, New
Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1972a. "A Mesolithic Burial Sites in Ceylon," Ancient Ceylon,
No. 2, pp. 18-48.
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1972b. "The Citadel of Anuradhapura in 1969: Excavations in
the Gedige Area," Ancient Ceylon, No.2, pp. 48-169.
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1981. "Was there Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) in Sri Lanka?,"
Ancient Ceylon, No. 4, pp. 143-156.
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1990a. "Radio Carbon Dating of Early Brahmi Script in Sri
Lanka: 600-500 B.C.," Ancient Ceylon, Vol. V, No. 11, pp. 149-171.
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1990b. "The Prehistoric Chronology of Sri Lanka," Ancient
Ceylon, No. 12, pp. 211-291.
487
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1990c. "The Prehistoric Chronology, of Sri Lanka," Perspectives
in Archaeology: Leelananda Prematilleke Festschrift 1990, ed. Sudarshan
Seneviratne et.aL Peradeniya: Department of Archaeology, pp. 1-23.
Deraniyagala, S. U. 1992. The Prehistory of Sri Lanka an Ecological Perspective,
Colombo: Archaeological Survey Department of Sri Lanka.
Devahut~ D. 1980. "Empire, Ethics and ASoka," Journal of Indian History, Vol
LVII, part. 1-3, pp. 1-11.
Dewaraja, Lona 1987. "Cultural Relations between Sri Lanka and North India during the Anuradhapura Period," Sri Lanka Journal of Social Science, Vol. X, No. 1 & 2, pp. 1-17.
Dhammavisudd~ Yatadolavatte 1996. "Buddhist Political Ideas in Ancient Sri Lanka,"
Sri Lanka Journal of Buddhist Studies, Vol. V. pp. 57-69.
Dhar, M K. 1991. Royal Life in Ancient India, Delhi: Durga Publication.
Dias, Malani 1990. "The Origin of the Cave -Dwellings of the Sangha in Sri Lanka from
Early Brahmi Inscriptions," Ancient Ceylon, No. 12, pp. 198-205.
Dikshitar,V. R Ramachandara 1925. Hindu Administrative Institutions, Madras: Madras
University Press.
Dikshitar, V. R Ramachandra 1932. The Mauryan Policy, Madras: Madras University
Press.
Drekmeier, Charles 1962. Kingship and Community in Early India, Bombay: Oxford
University Press.
Dumond, Louis 1970. Religion Politics and History in India, The Hague: Mouton
Publishers.
488
Duncan, J. and M Derrett 1976. "R.ajadharma," Journal of Asian Study, Vol XXXV,
No. 4, pp. 576-609.
Durkhem, E. 1915. Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, Glencoe: Free Press.
Dutt, Sukumar 1962. Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India, London: George Allen
and Unwin.
Ellawala, Hema 1969. Social History Early Ceylon, Colombo: Department of Cultural
Affairs.
Fairh, Raymond 1951. Element of Social Organization, London: Walls Publication
Fernandu, Daya S. 1984. ss~fiJ(jjd ~roex1ero 8zftJ)roc:> (Political Ideas of Buddhism),
Colombo: Godage Brothers.
Fernandu, P. E. E. 1949. " Paleographical Development of the Brahmi Scripts in Ceylon
from 3rd Century B. C. to 7th Century AD.," The University Ceylon Review,
Vol. VII, No.4, pp. 281-301.
Fick,.Richard 1920. The Social Organisation in North-East india in the Buddha's Time,
Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
Filliozat, J. 1966. " The Festivities of the Dhamma as Practiced by ASoka , " Indian
Studies Past and Present, Vol. VIII, No. 1, pp. 3-12.
Filliozat, J. 1966. "The Devas of ASoka : Gods or Divine Majesties," Indian Studies Past
and Present, Vol. VIII, No. 1, pp. 15- 35.
Fleet, J. F. 1908. " The Rummindei Inscription and the Conversion of Moka to
Buddhism," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Grate Britain and Ireland),
pp. 472-498.
489
Foucher, A 1917. Beginning of Buddhist Art by and Other Essays in Indian Central
Asian Archaeology, tr. L. A Thomas & F. W. Thomas, Paris: Paul Geuthner.
Fuchs, Stephan 1996. The Vedic Horse Sacrifice in its Culture: HistoricalRelations, New
Delhi: Inter India Publications.
Fussman, Gerard 1987. "Central and Provincial Administration in Ancient India: The
Problem of the Mauryan Empire," The Indian Historical Review, Vol XIV,
pp. 43-72.
Gadkar, Jayant 1996. Social and Religious from Rgveda to Puriina, Bombay: Popular
Prakashan.
Gard, Richard A 1958. Buddhism and Political Authority in South India, Saigon: S.
Company.
Ganguly, D. K 1994. Ancient India: History and Archaeology, Delhi: Abhinava
Publication.
Geiger, Wilhelm 1908. The Dipavamsa and Mahiivamsa and Their Historical
Development in Ceylon, tr. A K Cootnaraswamy, Colombo:Government
Publications.
Geiger, Wilhelm 1926. " A Short History of Ceylon from the 5th Century B. C. to the 41h
Century A D.," Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol.-II, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Geiger, Wilhelm 1960. Culture of Ceylon in Medieval Time, Wiesbaden: Otto
Harrassowitz
Geldem, R Heine 1956. Conceptions of State and Kingship in South Asia, New York:
Ithaca.
Ghoshal, U. N. 1923. A History of Indian Political Theories, London: Oxford University
Press.
490
GhosaL U.N. 1958. "Principle of the King's Righteous," Indian Historical Quarterly,
Vol. XXXII, pp. 304-312.
GhoshaL U. N. 1959. A History of Indian Political Ideas: The Ancient Period and the
Period of Transition to the Middle Ages, Bombay: Oxford University Press.
GhoshaL U.N. 1978. "Principle of the King's Righteousness: in the Jataka
Commentary," The Mahabodhi, No. 86, pp. 296-301.
Giianarama, P. 1996. An Approach to Buddhist Social Philosophy, Singapore: Ti
Sarana Buddhist Association.
Godakumbura, C. E. 1970. " Sinhala Festivals: Their Symbolism, Origins and
Proceedings," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch), (N. S),
Vol. XIV, pp. 91-130.
Gokhale, B. G. 1950. Buddhism and Asoka, Baroda: Padmaja Publication.
Gokhale, B. G. 1953. "Dhammiko Dhammaraja ," Indikii: The Indian Historical
Research Institute Silver Jubilee Commemoration Volume, Bombay:
St .Xavier's College, No. 18, 1953, pp 161-165.
Gokhale, B. G. 1966, "Early Buddhist Kingship," Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. XXVI,
No. 1, pp. 15-33.
Gokhale, B. G. 1968. "Dhamma as a Political Concept in Early Buddhism," The Journal
of the Indian History (Trivendrum), Vol. XLVI, part. 1, pp. 249-261.
Gokhale, B. G. 1969. "The Buddhist View of the State," The Journal of The American
Oriental Society, Vol. VIII, (4), pp. 731-738.
Gokhale, B. G. 1976. Buddhism in Maharashtra: a History, Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
Gokhale, B. G. 1982. Bharatavarsha: A Political and Cultural History of India, New
Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
Gokhale, B. G. 1987. " The Concept of Disorder in the Early Buddhist Political
Thought," Sri Lanka Journal of Buddhist Studies, Vol. I, pp. 128-138.
Gokhale, B. G. 1995. New Light on Early Buddhism, Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
491
Gokhale, Jayashree B. 1971. "Hindu and Buddhist Political Traditions a Comparison,"
Journal of Indian History, Vol. XLIX, pp. 195-216.
Goldschmidt, P. 1879. "Notes on Ancient Sinhalese Inscriptions," Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch), Vol. XX, pp. 1-45.
Gombrich, Richard F.1988. Theraviida Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient
Benares to Modem Colombo, London: Potledge Paul.
Gombrich, Richard F. and Gananath Obeysekara 1988. Buddhism Transfonned: Religious
Change in Sri Lanka, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gombrich, Richard F.1988. Indian Rituals and its Exegesis, Delhi: Oxford University
Press.
Gombrich, Richard F. 1994. " ASoka-The Great Upasaka," King Asoka and Buddhism
Historical and Literary Studies, ed. Anuradha Senaviratne, Kandy:
Buddhist Publication Society, p. 1-10.
Gonda, J. 1969. Ancient Indian Kingship from the Religious Point of View, Leiden:
E. J. Brill.
Gonda, J. 1980. Vedic Ritual: The Non-solemn Rite, Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Goody, Jack 1961. "Religion and Ritual: The Defmitional Problem," The British
Journal, Vol. XII, pp. 142- 161.
Goonatilake, Hema 1983. "Ideology as an Instrument of State Control: A Case of
Bodhisattva Cult in Sri Lanka, Kalyani, Vol. II, pp. 119-135.
Greenwald, Alice 1978." The relic on the Spear: Historiography and Saga of
Dhuttagarnani," Religion and Legitimation of Power in Sri Lanko, ed.
Bardwell L. Smith, Chambersburg, pp. 13-33.
492
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1971. " Irrigation and Hydraulic Society in Early Medieval
Ceylon," Past and Present, No. 53, pp. 3-27.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1976. "The Kinsmen of the Buddha: Myth as Political Charter
in the Ancient and Early Medieval Kingdoms of Sri Lanka," The Sri Lanka
Journal of the Humanities, Vol. II, No. 1, pp. 53-62.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1979. Robe and Plough: Monasticism and Economic Interest
in Early Medieval Sri Lanka, Arizona: The University of Arizona.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1979. " The People of the Lion: The Sinhala Identity and
Ideology in History and Historiography," The Sri Lanka Journal of the
Humanities, Vol. V, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 1-36.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1980-81. "Total Power or Shared Power? A Study ofthe
Hydraulic State and its Transformations in Sri Lanka from the third to the
ninth century A D.," The Indian Historical Review, Vol. VII, Nos. 1 &2, pp.
70-98.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1981. "Social Function and Political Power: A Case Study of
State Formation in Irrigation Society," The Study of the State, ed. Henri J. M
Claessen and Peter Skalnik, Hague: Mouton, pp. 133-154.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1982. " Prelude to the State: An Early Phase in the Evolution
of Political Institutions in Ancient Sri Lanka," The Sri Lanka Journal of the
Humanities, Vol. VIII, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 1-39.
Gunawardana, R A L. H. 1988. " Subtile Silks ofFerreous Firmness: Buddhist Nuns in
Ancient and Early Medieval Sri Lanka and their Role in the Propagation of
Buddhism," The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities, Vol. XIV, Nos. 1 & 2,
pp. 1-59.
493
Gunawaradana, R A L. H. 1989. "Anudidhapura: Rituals, Power and Resistance in a
Pre-colonial South Asian City," Domination and Resistance, ed. Daniel
Miller, Michael Rowlands, Christopher Tilley, London: Unwin Hyman, pp.
156-178.
Gunawaradana, R A L. H. 1990. "Warfare, the State, and the Proto-" World
Economy'':Armed Struggles In Ancient and Early Medieval Sri Lanka,"The
Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities, Vol. XVI, Nos. 1& 2, pp. 14-48.
Gunawaradana, R A L. H. 1992. " Conquest and Resistance: Pre-state and State
Expansionism in Early Sri Lankan History," War in the Tribal Zone
ExpandingStateandlndigenous Warfare, ed. R BrianFergusonandNeilL.
Whitehead, New Mexico: School of American Research Press, pp 61- 82.
Gupta, Ram Krishore 1952. Political Thought in the Smrti Literature, Allahabad:
Leader Press.
Guruge, W. P. Ananda 1986. "Emperor ASoka and Buddhism: Some under Solve
Discrepancies between Buddhist Tradition and ASokan Inscriptions,"
Vidyodaya Journal: Arts Science and Literature, Vol XIV, No.2,
pp. 1-37.
Guruge, W. P. Ananda 1987. "Emperor ASoka's Place in History: A Review of
Prevalent Opinions," Sri Lanka Journal of Buddhist Studies, Vol. I,
pp. 139-168.
Guruge, W. P. Ananda 1993. Asoka, the Righteous: A Definitive Biography, Colombo:
Centre Cultural Fund.
Grunwedel, Albert 1990. Buddhist Art in India, New Delhi: S. Chand & Company
Limited.
Handurukande, Ratna 1990. "The Benefit ofChaitya Worship," Senarat Paranavitana
Commemoration Volume 1990, ed. Leelananda Prematillake et al., Leiden:
E. J. Brill, pp. 75-77.
494
Harvey, Peter 1984. "The Symbolism of the Early Stiipa," Journal of the International
Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol. VII, No. 2, pp. 67-93.
Hazra, Kanal Lal 1984. Royal Patronage of Buddhism in Ancient India, Delpi: D. K.
Publication.
Hazra, Kanal Lal 1988. Constitution of the Buddhist Sangha, Delhi: B. R Publishing
Corporation.
Heesterman, J. C. 1957. The Ancient Indian Coronation, The Hague: Mouton.
Heesterman, J. C. 1958. The Inner Conflict of Tradition: Essay in Indian Rituals
Kingship and Society, Chicago: Chicago University
Heinz, Bechert and Richad F.Gombrich 1984. Buddhist Monks and Nuns in Society
and Culture, London: Thames and Hudson.
Herath, J. M 1975. Mineral Resources of Sri Lanka, Colombo: Geological Survey
Department.
Hettiarachchy, Tilak 1972. History of Kingship in Ceylon up to the Fourth century A.D.,
Colombo: Lake House Investments Limited.
Hirernath, R C. 1994. Buddhism in Karnataka, New Delhi: D. K Print World Limited.
Hocart, A. M 1928. "The Coronation Ceremony," CeylonJournalOfScience(Section
G), Vol. I, pp. 27-42.
Hocart, A M 1969. Kingship, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hocart, A M 1970 Kings and Councilors, ed. R Needham, Chicago: University
Chicago.
Roehl, Adamson E. 1966. Anthropology, New York: McGraw Hill.
495
Holt, John C. 1982. " Pilgrimage and the Structure of Sinhalese," Buddhism Journa~ of
the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol. V, No.2, pp. 23-
40.
Huntington, Susan L. 1993. The Art of Ancient India, New York: Weather Hill.
Indraj~ Bagavan Lal 1881-1882. " Antiquarian Remains at Sopara and Padana,"
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Bombay Branch), Vol. XV, pp.
272-315.
Ito, G. 1979. "Interpretation oflnscriptions, Taxila and Kandahar I, Studies Iranica,
Vol. VI, pp. 151-161.
Jamindar, Rasesb 1996. "Buddhism: The Part of Non-Violence,'' Spectrnm of Indian
CultureS. B. Deo Felicitation Volume, ed. C. Margabandha, Delhi: Agam
Kala Prakashan, pp. 437-442.
Jain, S ushil 1998. " On the Indian Ritual of Abhiseka and Mahamastakabhiseka of
Bahubal~" Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 1997, Vol.
LXXVIII, Pune, pp. 61-86.
Jauhar~ Manorama 1968. Political and Ethic in Ancient India, Varanasi: Bharatiya
Vidya Prakashan.
JayaswaL K P. 1943. Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Mysore: Bangalore Press.
Jayatilake, K N.1963 Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, London.
Jayatilake, K N. 1977. " The Principles oflntemational Law in Buddhist Doctrine,"
Academy of International Law (Extract from the RECUELL DES Course),
Vol. II, pp. 513-5.
Jayawardena, D. E. De S.1975. "The Geology and Techtonic Setting of the Copper
Iron Ore Prospect at Seruwila- Northeast Sri Lanka, Journal of the
National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Vol. X pp. 129-142.
496
Kajiyama, Yuichi 1982. " On the Meaning of the word Bodhisattva and Mahasattva
in Pranaparamita Literature," Indiological and Buddhist Studies; Volume
in Honour of Professor J. W. de Jong, ed. L. A Hercus et aL Delhi: Indian
Books Centre, pp. 253-255.
Kanagaratnam, D. J. 1978. Tamils and Cultural Pluralism in Sri Lanka: The Briihmi
Inscriptions Reveal Tamil Presence and Malti-cultural International
in Earliest Sri Lanka Social Strata, Colombo: Ananda,Press.
Kane, Pandurang Vaman 1973. History of Dharama$iistra (Ancient and Medieval
Religious and Civil Law), Poone: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
Kariyavasam, A G. A 1995. Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka, Kandy:
Buddhist Publishing Society.
Karunaratna, T. B. 1987-1988. "The Symbol ofRegal Authority ofEarly Sinhalese Kings
and Its Place in the Symbolism of Ancient Stiipas," Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society (Sri Lanka), (N.S), Vol XXXII, pp. 45-61.
Karunatilaka, P. V. B. 1986. "Early Sri Lankan Society-Some Reflections on Caste,
Social Groups and Ranking," The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities, Vol
IX, No. I & 2, pp. 108-143.
Karunatilaka. W. S. 1958-59. "Mahayanism in Ceylon during the Anuradhapura Period:
Epigraphical Evidence," University Buddhist Annual, Vol IX, pp. 17-20.
Keith, A B. 1925. Religion and Philosophical of the Veda and Upanisad, Harvard
Oriental Serious, No. XXXI, XXXII, Cambridge: Mass.
Keny, L. B. 1968-1969. "A.Soka's Edicts and Indian Tradition," Journal of Royal Asiatic
Society (Bengal Branch), Vol. 43-44, No. 197, pp. 239-246.
Ketzer, J. David 1988. Rituals, Politics and Power, New Haven: Yale University.
497
Kiribamune, Srima 1990. " Mahavamsa : A Study of the Ancient Historiography of Sri
Lanka," Senarat Paranavitana Commemoration Volume 1990, cd.
Leelananda Prematillake et al., Leiden: E. J. BrilL pp. 125-136.
Kiribamune, Srima 1995. " The State and the Sangha in Pre-modem Sri Lank:a," Ethnic
Studies Report, Voi. XIII, No.1, pp. 47-71.
Krishna, K. B. 1960. Political and Social Thought the Buddhist Writer of the ~arly
Christian Era, Vijayawada: Visalandhara Publishing House.
Kirthisinha, Buddadasa,1981. "ASoka- A Star in Human Annals, The Mahiibodhi, No.
89, pp. 144-147.
Kulke, Hermann and Dietmar Rothermand, A History of India, Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
Law, B. C. 1968. " Some Early Buddhist Kings of Ceylon," Journal of Indian History,
Vol. XLVI, part. 1, pp. 1-18.
Law, N. N. 1986. Aspect of Ancient Indian Polity, Delhi: Gihan Publishing House.
Legge, James. 1971.(re print), A Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an Account
by the Chinese Monk Fii-Hien and of his Travels, in India and Ceylon, Delhi:
Orient Publishers.
Levin, Bongard G. M. 1985. Mauryan India, New Delhi: Starling Publishing.
Levin, Bongard G. M 1998. Ancient India Civilization, Delhi: Ajanta Publication.
Ling, Trevor 1970. Buddha: Buddhist Civilization in India and sn· Lanka, New York:
Charles & Company.
Liyangamage, A 1982. " The Influence of Caste on the Buddhist Sangha in Ancient and
Early Medieval Sri-Lanka," Kalyani, Vol. I, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 48-83.
Liyanagamage, A 1983. " Conflicts in the State-Sangha Relations in the Early History of
Sri Lanka," Kalyani, Vol. II, pp. 61-99.
498
MacPhail, James M 1951.(re print) Asoka, The Heritage of India, Calcutta: Y. M. C. M.
Publisher.
Mahaja.n, A C. 1997. Polity in the Riimiiyana, Delhi: Prathibha Prakashan
Mahinda Digalle 1996. "Buddhist Preaching (Bana) in Sri Lanka: Sinhala Religious
Rhetoric in the Popularization ofTheravada," Sri Lanka Journal of Buddhist
Studies, VoL V, pp. 30-41.
Majumdar, B. 1935-1936. Symbol of the A.Sokan Pillar Capital ofSarnath," Indian
Culture, Vol II, pp. 160-163.
MarshalL 11955. A Guide to Siiiichi, Delhi: Publication ofthe Government oflndia.
MarshalL J. and Alfred Fourche 1983.(re print), The Monuments of Siifichi, Vol I-II,
Delhi: Swati Publication
Mendis, G. C. 1935. The Early History of Ceylon and its Relations with India and other
Foreign Countries, Calcutta: Y. M C. A Publishing House.
Mees, G. H. 1935. Dhanna and Society, London: Luza.c and Company.
Melikian, Chirvani A S. 1981. "The Buddhist Rituals in the Literature oflslamic Iran,"
South AsiC!n Archaeology, ed. B. Allchin, Carr.!Jridge, pp. 272-279.
Metta, V. R 1992. Foundation of Indian Political Thought, An Interpretation, Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors.
Misra, Sri Prabodh Kumar 1959, "Buddhism in Kalinga During A.Soka," The Orissa
Historical Journal, Vol. VII, part. 3, pp. 185-190.
Mitra, Debala 1971. Buddhist Monuments, Calcutta: Sahitya Samsad.
Mitra, Debala 1978. (reprint), Siiiichi, New Delhi, Archaeological Survey oflndia.
Mitra, R.ajendra Lall881. Indo Aryan, Vol. II, Calcutta: W. Newman & Company.
Mitra, Rajendra Lall963. (reprint), The Antiquities of Orissa, Calcutta: Indian Studies.
499
Mookerjee, Ajit 1985. Ritual Art of India, London: Thomas and Hudson.
Mookerji, Radha Kumud 1914. The Fundamental Unity of India, London: Longman
Green and Company.
Mookerji, Radha Kumud 1920. Self-government in Ancient India, Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Mookerji, Radha Kumud 1952. "Moka's Conquest ofKalinga," The Orissa Historical
Research Journal, Vol I, No.2, pp 180-186.
Mookerj~ Radha Kumud 1972. (reprint) Asoka, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Muller, Max 1875. Hibbert Lectures and India, London.
Murth~ Krishna 1977. Niigarjunakonda: A Cultural Study, Delhi: Concept Publishing
Company.
Murthy, Narasimha A V. 1992. "Graffiti on Pottery and Brahmi Script, Indiological
Essays Commemoration Volumes Ill for Gift Sennon, ed. Michael
Lockwood, Madras, Sudarsan Graphics, pp. 57-66.
Nagendra S. P. 1971. The Concept of Ritual in Modem Sociological Theory, New Delhi:
The Academic Journals oflndia.
Nandi, Ramendra Nath 1986. Social Root Religion in Ancient India, Calcutta: K. P.
Bag chi.
Narain, A K. 1985. Studies in Buddhist Art Of South Asia, New Delhi: Kanak
Publication.
Nariman, G. K. 1923. Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism, Bombay: Indian Book
Depot.
Nicholas, C. W. 1949. "The Titles of the Sinhalese Kings as Recorded in the Inscriptions
of the 3rd century B.C. to 3rd century A.D.," University of Ceylon Review,
Vol. VII, No.4, pp. 235-248.
Nicholas, C. W. 1950. "Brahmanas in the Early Sinhalese Kingdom," University of
Ceylon Review, Vol. VIII, No. 4, pp. 259-263.
Nicholas, C. W. 1950. "Some Offices and Titles in the Early Sinhalese Kingdom,"
University of Ceylon Review, Vol. VIII, No.2, pp. 116-128.
500
Norman, K R 1939. Piili Literature, A History of Indian Literature, Wiesbaden: Otto
Harrassowitz.
Obyesekere, Gananath 1995. "Buddhism, Nationhood, and Cultural Identity: A Question
of Fundamentals," Fundamentalisms Comprehended, Chicago: The
University of Chicago, pp. 231-256.
Packeman, S. A. 1964. Ceylon, London: Ernest Benn.
Pakar, Henry 1981 (reprint). Ancient Ceylon, New Delhi: Asian Education Services.
Panabokke, Gunaratna 1994. History of the Buddhist Sangha in India and Sri Lanka,
Colombo: Karunaratna & Sons.
Pande, C. B. 1982. Mauryan Arts, Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan
Pande, G. C. 1974. Studies in the Origin of Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Pandeya, Rarnachandra 1975. Buddhist Studies in India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Pankaj, N. Q. 1983. State and Religion in Ancient India, Allahabad: Chugh Publication.
Paranavitana, S. 1928. "Mahayanism in Ceylon," Ceylon Journal of Science (Section G),
Vol. I, part. 2, pp. 35-71.
Paranavitana, S. 1929. "Pre- Buddhist Religious Beliefs in Ceylon," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon), Vol. XXXI, No. 82, pp. 302-327.
Paranavitana, S. 1936. "Two Royal Titles of the Early Sinhalese and the Origin of
Kingship in Ancient Ceylon," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Great
Britain and Ireland), pp. 443-462.
501
Paranavitana, S. 1955. "Some Aspects of the Divinity of the Kings in Ancient Ceylon,"
Proceedings and Transactions of the All-India Oriental Conference 1 rJh Session, Vol ill, No. 28, Lucknow: University of Lucknow, pp. 217-232.
Paranavitana, S. 1960-61. " The Gamani ( Griimini) in Ancient India," The Ceylon
Historical Journal, Vol. IX, pp. 1-7.
Perera, L. P. N. 1990. "The Gramani (Gamani) In Ancient India: An Addendum," ,
Senarat Paranavitana Commemoration Volume 1990, ed. Leelananda
Prematillake et.al., Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 169-171.
Perera, L. S. 1951. "The Brahmi Inscriptions as a Source for the Study of the
Early History of Ceylon," The Historical Journal, Vol. I, No. 2, pp.
79-96.
Perera, L. S. 196f. " The P~ili Chronicles of Ceylon," Historical of India, Pakistan and
·Ceylon, ed. C. H. Philips, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 29-56.
Prasad, Beni 1927. Theory of Government in Ancient India, Allahabad: Central Book Depot.
Prasad, Kameshwar 1998. " The Concept of Monarchy in the Jataka," Facets of Indian
Culture, Gastav Roth Felicitation Volume, ed. C. P. Sinha, Patna: Bihar
Puravid Parishad, pp. 404-411.
Prickett, Martha 1990. "Sri Lanka's Foreign Trade before AD. 600: Archaeological
Evidence," Asian Panorama: Essays in Asian History Past and Present, ed.
K M De Silva, Sirima Kiribamune and C. R De Silva, Delhi: Vikas
Publishing House, pp. 151-182.
Przylusk~ Jean 1932. "Le Symbolism du Pilier de Sarnath," Linossier, Vol. II, pp.
481-498.
Radcliffe-Brown, A. R 1976. The Structure and Foundation in Primitive Society,
London.
457
ceremony given to the Anuriidhapura ruler by the powerful Indian monarch must have
made a deep impression on the other petty leaders of the country. The introduction of
this glamorous ceremony to the Anuriidhapura court in place of the early ritual to
indicate· the accession of a new ruler, must have added to the growing prestige of the
Anuriidhapura ruler. Further, the consecration ceremony helped to attach a dynastic
basis to the ruler in the island which seems to have been absent at an earlier date. Hence,
along with the consecration ceremony various high notions of kingship made their way
to Sri Lanka, and though somewhat modified to suit Buddhist ideologies, they
nevertheless exerted a powerful influence on the institution of kingship. 180
Further, after third century B.C, there is no evidence to prove that the Ksatriya
maiden or Brahmans were directly involved in the coronation ceremony. The ministers
or high officers had often engaged in this functions. e.g prince Thulatthana himself was
consecrated by the ministers.181 King Sanghatissa was consecrated by his two ministers,
. king Sanghabodhi and Gothlibhaya who performed the ceremony. 182 King Mahlisena's
Abhi~eka was carried out by the Thera Sanghamitta, who came from South India.183
According to these instances, though, the Briihmanas were living at that time in the
island, their power was not higher than that of the ~atriyas.
5.4.2 Water festival and consecration.
Water festival was one major part of the coronation ceremony since 3rd century
B.C. King Devlinampiya Tissa himself arranged a water festival for the dwellers in the
180 Hettiarachchy, op.cit., 1972, p. 33. 181 Mahiivamsa, Ch. XXXIII, V 18. 182 /bid., Ch. XXXVI, V. 63. 183 Ibid., Ch. XXXVII, V. 2.
503
Ray, Himanshu Prabha 1986. Monastery and Guild: Under the Satavahanas, Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
Ray, Himanshu Prabha 1994. The Wind of Change: Buddhism and the Maritime Link of
Early South Asia, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Ray, Hirnanshu Prabha 1996. "Kaneri: The Archaeology of an Early Buddhist Pilgrimage
Centre in Western India," World Archaeology, Vol XXVI, No.1,pp.35-46.
Ray Hirnanshu Prabha 2000. " Buddhisme et societe en Inde ancienne," Au Berceau Du
Buddhisme, Paris, pp. 26-31.
Ray, N. 1975. Maurya and Post Maurya Arts, New Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass.
Raychaudary, H. C. 1949. "The ASoka Cakra: Its Symbolism," Indian Culture, Vol
XV, pp. 82-85.
Raychaudhary, H. C. 1953.(re print) Political History of Ancient India, Calcutta:
Calcutta University.
Robert, Lingat 1989. Royautes Bouddhiques Asoka et Ia Function Royal a Ceylan, Paris:
Editions de l'ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales.
Rowland, Benjamin 1953. The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain,
Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Roy, Kumkum 1991. The Emergence of Monarchy in India Eight-fourth century B. C. as , Reflected in the Briihmanical Tradition, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Sahai, Sachxhidananda 1997. "The Royal Consecration (Abhiseka) in Ancient
Cambodia," The South East Asian Review, Vol. XXII, Nos. I & 2, pp.
1-10.
Sahu, N. K. 1958. Buddhism in Orissa, Cuttack: Orissa Mission Press.
Sankalia, H. D. 1962. Indian Archaeology Today, Bombay: Asia Publishing House.
504
Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in Early Buddhist Architecture of India, New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlala Publisher & Distributors.
Sen, Ajit Kurnar1986. Hindu Political Thought, New Delhi: Gihan Publishing House.
Sen Benoychandra 1948. ".Mokan Foreign' Policy," Indian History Congress, Shimla,
pp. 77-85.
Sen, Benoychandra 1974. Study in the Buddhist Jiitakas (Tradition and Polity), Calcutta:
Saraswat Library.
Senadeera, Gunapala 1991-1992. "The' Kunta' Enshrined in the Mirisavati Stiipa," The
Journal ofThe Royal Asiatic Society (Sri Lanka), (N.S), Vol XXXVI, pp.
15-25.
Senaveratne, John M 1918. "Royalty in Ancient Ceylon," Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society (Ceylon Branch), Vol. XXVI, No. 71, pp. 109-156.
Senaviratne, John M 1922. " Coronation <?f Sinhalese Kings," The Ceylon Antiquary,
Vol VII, part. 4, pp. 220-225.
Seneviratna, Anuradha 1990. Buddhist Rituals and Ceremonies: Temple of the Sacred
Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka, Colombo: Department ofCulturalAffairs.
Seneviratna, Anuradha 1994. Ancient Anuriidhapura, Colombo: Archaeological Survey
Department.
Seneviratna, Anuradha 1996. " Custom, Rituals and Traditions Grown Around the
Mahabodhi Tree in Anuradhapura," Mahiibodhi Tree in Anuriidhapura, Sri
Lanka, The Old Historic Tree in the World, ed. H. S. S. Nissanka, New
Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, pp. 194-216.
505
Seneviratne, Sudharshan 1984. "The Archaeology of the Megalithic-Black and Red
Ware Complex in Sri Lanka," Ancient Ceylon, No. 5, pp. 237-305.
Seneviratne, Sudharshan 1989. "Pre-State Chieftains and Servants of the
State: A Case Study of the Parumaka," The Sri Lanka Journal of the
Humanities, Vol XV, Nos. 1 & 2, pp. 99-132.
Seneviratne, Sudharshan 1990. "The Location Significance ofEarly Iron Age Sites in Intermediary Transitional Eco-System," The SettlementArchaeology of the Sigiriya-Dambulla Region, ed. Senake Bandaranayake et.al., Colombo: Gunaratna, offset Limited, pp. 123-140.
Seneviratne, Sudharshan 1994. " The Ecology and Archaeology of the Seruwila Copper Magnetite Prospect-North-east Sri Lanka," Praiia, Vol VIll, No.2, pp. 1-2; Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities, Vol XXI, Nos.1-2, pp. 100-114.
Seneviratne, Sudharshan 1996. " Peripheral Regions and Marginal Communities:
Towards an Alternative Explanation or Early Iron age Maternal and
Social Formations in Sri Lanka," Tradition Dissent and Ideology: Essay in
Honour of Romila Thapar, ed. R Champakalashmi and S. GopaL Dellii:
Oxford University Press, pp. 265-312.
Sharma, Ramashraya 1986. A Political Study of Viilmiki Riimiiyana Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass.
Sharma, R S. 1959. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass.
Sharan, Parmatma 1983. Ancient Indian Political Thought and Institutions, New Dellii: Meenakshi Prakashan.
Sharava, Satya 1985. The Kushiina Numismatics, New Delhi: Pravan Prakashan.
Sharava, Satya 1993. Dated Kushiina Inscriptions, Delhi: Pranava Prakashan.
Shastr~ A jay Mitra 1987-88." A Lost (?) Asokan Edict from Vidarbha, Puriitatva, No.
28, pp. 56-58.
506
Silva, de Lily 1975." The Cult ofthe Bodhi Tree its Antiquity and Evolution," Ceylon
Studies Seminar, Ser.ious No. 3, pp. 1-13.
Silva, de Lily 1981. Paritta, Colombo: Museum of Sri Lanka.
Silva, deL. A 1974. Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices in Sri Lanka, Colombo: Wesley
Press.
Singh, Upinder 1998. "Texts on Stone: Understanding ASoka's Epigraph-Monuments
and their Changing Contexts," Indian Historical Review, Vol XXIV, pp. 1-
19.
Singha, L. P. 1990. "The Concept ofDhamma in Buddhism," Prof Upendra Thakur
Felicitation Volume II, ed. G. Kappuram, Delhi: Sandeep Prakashan, pp.
425-430.
Sinha, H. N. 1938. Sovereignty in Ancient Indian Polity, A Study in the Evolution of
Early Indian State, London: Luzac & Company.
Sircar, D. C. 1979. A.Sokan Studies, Calc~tta: Indian Museum
Sirisoma, M H. 1990. "The Ten-Brother Kings ofRohana Epigrapical Evidence,"
Ancient Ceylon, No. 10, pp. 323-326
Siriweera, W. I. 1996. " The Sacred Precincts of the Sri Mahabodhi Tree in
Anuradhapura," Mahabodhi Tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, The Oldest
Historical Tree in the World, ed. H. S. S. Nissanka, New Delhi: Vikas
Publishing House, pp. 1-16.
Sirkar, H.1966. Studies in Early Buddhist Architecture, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal
Publisher & Distributors.
Sitrampalarn, S. K 1986/87. "The Title Parurnakas found in Sri Lankan Society some
Reflections Reappraisal," Sri Lanka Journal of South Asian Studies, No. 1,
pp. 13-25.
507
Smith, Bardwell 1972. " Ideal Social Order as Portrayed in the Chronicles of Ceylon" ed. B. Smith, The Two Wheel ofDhamma, Chambersburg: American Academy of Religion, pp. 31-57
Smith, Bardwell L. 1978. "Kingship, the Sangha, and the Process ofLegitimation in
Anuradhapura Ceylon: An Interpretive Essay," ed. Bardwell L. Smith,
Religion and Legitimation of Power in Sri Lanka, Chambersburg, pp. 73-95.
Smith, A Vincent 1911. History of Fine Arts In India and Ceylon, Oxford: Oxford ..... -University.
Smith, A Vincent 1970.(re print), Asoka, the Buddhist Emperor of India, Delhi: S. Chand & Company.
Socott, D. A 1985. "MokanMissionaries Expansion ofBuddhismamong the Greek (in
North-west India, Bactria and Hevent)," Religion, Vol XV, pp. 131-141.
Spellman, John W. 1964. Political Theory of Ancient India: A Study of Kingship from the Earliest Times to circa A. D. 300, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Spiro, Melford E. 1977. "World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study ofBuddhism
and Polity in Thailand against a Historical Background," Journal of Asian
Studies, Vol XXXVI, No.4, p. 789-791; Vol XXXVII, No. 4,1978, pp.
809-812.
·:sarasvat~ Svami Satya Prakash 1988. The Critical and Cultural Study of the Satapatha
Briihmana, Delhi: Govindram Hasanand.
Sud~ Padrna 1988. Symbols of Art, Religion and Philosophy, New Delhi: Intellectual
Publishing House.
Suzuk~ Beatrice Lane 1981. Mahayana Buddhism, London: George Allen & Company.
Tambiah, S. J. 1970. Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in Northeast-Thailand, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press,
Tambiah, S. J. 1976. World Conqueror and World Renouncer, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
508
Tambiah, S. J. 1978. "The Buddhist Conception ofKingship and Its Historical
Manifestations; A Reply to Spiro," Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. XXXVII,
No.4, pp. 801-809.
Thakur, Manoj K. 1998. Indian in the Age of Kanishka, Delhi; Oriental Book Centre.
Thapar, Romila 1984. From Lineage to State: Social Fonnations in the Mid-first Millennium B.C. in the Ganga Valley, Bombay: Oxford University Press.
Thapar, Rornila 1987. Mauryas Revisited, Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi.
Thapar, Rornila 1994. "ASokan and Buddhism as reflected in the ASokan Edicts," King
A.Soka and Buddhism Histon"cal and Literary Studies, ed. Anuradha
Seneviratna, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, pp. 11-26.
Thapar, Romila 1997.(re print), Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
Thomas, Edward F. R S. 1877. "The Faith of ASoka" The Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society (N.S), Vol. IX, pp. 155-234.
Trautman, T. R 1974. Kingship and History in South Asia, Ann Arbor: Michigan
University.
Tut'ldhar, Swyambhu Dhar 1997. "TheASokanPillar in NepaL" The Buddha Era, No.4,
pp. 1-6.
Turn, W. W. 1938. The Greek in Bactria and India, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Tucc~ Giuseppe 1988. Stiipa: Art Architecture and Symbolism, New Delhi: Aditya
Prakashan.
Vajira, Kumburugamuwe 1994. "The Origin and Development of the Concept ofRelics,"
Sri Lanka Journal of Buddhist Studies, Vol. IV, pp. 15-35.
Van, Vandergeest Peter 1993. "Hierarchy and Power in Pre-National Buddhist State,"
Modem Asian Studies, Vol. XXVII, No.4, pp. 844-869.
Varma, V. P. 1973. Early Buddhism and its Origin, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal
Publisher & Distributors.
509
Varma, V. P. 1977. StudiesinHinduPoliticalThoughtandltsMetaphysicalFoundation,
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Velluppilla~ A 1989. " Tamil influence in Ancient Sri Lanka with Special Reference to
Early Brahmi Inscriptions," Journal of Tamil Studies, Vol. XVIII, pp. 8-18.
Vitarana, V. 1985. "Giribhanda Puja," Rohana, No. 1, pp. 42-50.
VogeL J. P. 1936. Buddhist Art in India, Oxford: Oxford University.
Warder, A K 1967. Piili Meter, London: Luzac.
Wagle, Narendra. 1966. Society at the Time of the Buddha, Bombay: Popular Prakash.
Weber, Max 1968. Religion oflndia: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism, ed. &
tr. Hans H. Gerth and Don Martindale, New York: The Free Press.
Werake, Mahinda 1984. " The Abhayagiri Vihara and Sino-Sri Lankan Buddhistic
Relations during the Anuradhapura Period," The Quarterly of the Cultural
Triangle UNESCO Sri Lanka Project, Vol II, No.3, pp. 23-28.
Werner, Kamel1991. Symbol in Art and Religion, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Weerasinha, P. 1989/90. "~D:l~8~§d~ 6ae<D e~D~ q0e&z:l)~ (second consecration
ofDevanampiya Tissa),"The Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society (Sri
Lanka),(N.S), Vol. XXXIV, pp. 102-123.
Wikramaratna, Ananda 1995. Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical
Analysis, New Delhi: Vikas Publishers.
Wiliams, Monier 1984 (reprint), Hindu Dharma, Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan.
Wintemitze, M. 1983. Historyoflndian Literature, Vol. II, Delhi: Mortilal Banarsidass.
510
Yamazaki, Gen'ichi 1999. "Kingship in Ancient India as Described in Literary Sources
and Inscriptions," Kingship in Indian History, ed. Noboru Karashima, New
Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher & Distributors, pp.1-36.
Y as pal 1975. " Ideal of Kingship in Pali Tripitaka," Buddhist Studies in India, ed.
Ramchandra Pandeya, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pp: 12'"19.
Zimmer, H. 1951. The Philosophy of India, London: Oxford University Press.
Zwalf, W. 1985. Buddhism, Art and Faith, London: British Museum Publication.
Monography
Das, Kishor Manvendra, 1989. Political Philosophy of Buddhism( As Depicted in The
Jiitakas and Their Communities, PhD. Thesis, Department ofBuddhist
Studies, Delhi: Delhi University.
Padmavat~ S. A 1990. Buddha and Gandhi, A Comparative Study of their Social and
Political Ideas, Ph.D Thesis, Department of Buddhist Studies, Delhi: Delhi
University.
Perera, Lakshman S. 1949. The Institutions of Ancient Ceylon from Inscriptions from
Earliest Times to J016A.D., PhD. Thesis, Department ofHistory,
Peradeniya: University of Ceylon.
Seneviratne, Sudarshan 1985. Social base of Early Buddhism in East India and Sri
Lanka, PhD. Thesis, Centre for Historical Studies, New Delhi: Jawa.harlal
Nehru University.
Encyclopedia and Dictionary
A Comprehensive Sanskrit Dictionary, 1969. ed. Taranatha Tarkavachaspati, Varanasi:
Chowkhamba.
A Dictionary of Piili Language, 1875. ed. RC. Childers, London: Calender Press.
A Dictionary of the Vedic Rituals, 1982. ed. Chitrabhanu Sen, Delhi: Concept
Publishers.
A Dictionary of the Vedic Rituals based on the Srauta and Grhya Siitra, 1978. ed.
Chitrabhanu Sen, Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, 1968. ed T. Burrow and M B. Emeneau,
London: Oxford University Press.
511
A Popular Dictionary of Buddhism, 1976. ed. Chrisrnas Humphnery, London: Curzon
Press.
A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1981.(re print) ed. Monier Williams, Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass.
An Encyclopedia oflndianArchaeology, 1989. ed. A. Ghosh, New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal Publisher and Distributor.
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Indian Culture, 1972. ed. Marendra Kumara Dash, Delhi:
Agam Kala Prakashan.
Dictionary of Piiali Proper Name, 1983 (reprint) ed. G. P. Malalasekara, Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlala Publishers.
Encyclopedia of Buddhism, 1961. ed. G. P. Malalasekara, Colombo: Government of
Ceylon.
Encyclopedia of Indian Culture, 1981. ed. R N. Saletore, New Delhi: Sterling Publishing
Privet Limited.
Encyclopedia of Puriinic Beliefs and Practices, 1986. ed. S. A Dange, New Delhi:
Navarang Publishing.
Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, 1908-1926. ed. Hastings, Jemes et.aL Edinburgh: T
& T Clark.
512
Encyclopedia of the Hindu World, 1992. ed, G. R Garg, Delhi: Concept Publishers.
Hindu World: An Encyclopedia ofthe Hinduism, 1968. ed. Benjamin Walker, London:
George Allen & Unwin.
International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, 1972. David L. StilL New York: The
Macmillan Company.
Tamil Lexicon, 1982. (reprint) Madras: University ofMadras.
The Encyclopedia of Religion, 1987. ed. Mircea Eliade et al. New York Macmillan
Publishing.
The Piili Text Society's Pa/i-English Dictionary, 1925. ed, T. W. Rhys Davids and
William Stade, London: P.T.S.
VediclndexofNameand Subject Vol. I, II, 1958. ed. A A Macdonell and A B. Keith,
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
I !