bhutan: second green power development project: (118 mw ...€¦ · 1.0.1. brief project...

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report

Reporting Period From March 2017 to August 2017 Date August 2017

Bhutan: Second Green Power Development

Project: (118 MW Nikachhu Hydropower Project)

Prepared by the Tangsibji Hydro Energy Limited for the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental and social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Contents List of Table

Annexures

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1

1.0. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.0.1. Brief Project Description............................................................................................... 1

1.0.2. Project Progress Status and Implementation Schedule ................................................ 2

2.0. Compliance to National Regulations ................................................................................ 6

2.0.1. Terms and Conditions of Environmental Clearance .............................................. 6

3.0. Compliance to Environmental Covenants from the ADB Loan Agreement ....................... 9

3.0.1. Schedule 5 Environment ....................................................................................... 9

4.0. Environmental Safeguards .............................................................................................11

4.0.1. Institutional set up ................................................................................................12

4.0.2. Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan .....................................12

4.0.3. Environment Management Plan ...........................................................................19

4.0.3.1. Panel of Experts ..................................................................................................19

4.0.3.2. Environment Friendly access road construction ...................................................20

4.0.3.3. Compensatory afforestation .................................................................................21

4.0.3.4. Conservation Plan for Floral Species ...................................................................22

4.0.3.5. Rescue of Wildlife ................................................................................................23

4.0.3.6. Institutionalization of a Biodiversity Management Committee ...............................24

4.0.3.7. Augmentation of baseline information ..................................................................24

4.0.3.8. Anti-Poaching Measures ......................................................................................26

4.0.3.9. Air and Water Quality Monitoring .........................................................................26

4.0.3.10. Catchment Management ......................................................................................26

4.0.3.11. Environmental strategies for worker camps and project sites ...............................26

4.0.3.12. Occupational Health and Safety ...........................................................................28

5.0. Environment Monitoring ..................................................................................................29

6.0. Social Monitoring ............................................................................................................29

7.0. Conclusion and Recommendation ..................................................................................30

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Consultation and Visit by Panel of Experts ....................................................................... 20 Figure 2.1 Access road before and after concreting ........................................................................... 21 Figure 3.1 Land management works ..................................................................................................... 21 Figure 4.1 Plantation works .................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 5.1 Ochidarium under construction ........................................................................................... 23 Figure 6.1 Rescue initiatives by THyE .................................................................................................. 23 Figure 7.1 Schizothorax richardsonii ..................................................................................................... 25 Figure 8.1 Salmo trutta ............................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 9.1 Schizothorax sp. ................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 10.1 cleaning campaigns ............................................................................................................ 28 Figure 11.1 Fire extinguisher use training ............................................................................................ 29 Figure 12.1 Blood Screening Program.................................................................................................. 29

List of Table

Table 1.1 Project schedule and activities ............................................................................................... 2 Table 2.1 compliance with Environment Clearance .............................................................................. 7 Table 3.1 Compliance to Environmental Covenants ............................................................................ 9 Table 4.1 Additional affected land ......................................................................................................... 13 Table 5.1 Initial identified housholds without additional affected ..................................................... 14 Table 6.1 New private lands affected by muck disposal site ............................................................. 14 Table 7.1 Compensation of new affected private lands ..................................................................... 15 Table 8.1 Compensation for additional affected land ......................................................................... 15 Table 9.1 First phase compensation ..................................................................................................... 16 Table 10.1 Revised land compensation rates ...................................................................................... 18 Table 11.1 Private lands affected by 132 kV Transmission Line ...................................................... 18 Table 12.1 labour camp at each site ..................................................................................................... 27

Annexures

Annexure-I …………………….............................................. Water quality monitoring report Annexure-I (a)……………………………….……….......................Air quality monitoring report Annexure-I (b)……………………………….………....................... Noise level monitoring report

Abbreviation ADB……………………………………………… Asian Development Bank Ac………………………………………………… Acre BOD……………………………………………… Biological Oxygen Demand BHUCORE……………………………………… Bhutan Consultant for Research and Environment COD…………………………………………….. Chemical Oxygen Demand DLLC……………………………………………. Dzongkhag Land Lease Committee DoFPS………………………………………….. Department of Forest and Park Services DPR…………………………………………….. Detailed Project Report EMP……………………………………………… Environment Management Plan ESIA……………………………………………. Environment and Social Impact Assessment GBCL………………………………….............. Green Bhutan Corporation Limited GNHC………………………………….............. Gross National Happiness Commission GRFL…………………………………............... Government Reserve Forest Land JSWNP………………………………………… Jigme Singye Wangchuk National Park MW…………………………………………….. Mega Watt NBC……………………………………………. National Biodiversity Center NECS…………………………………………… National Environment Commission Secretariat NGO…………………………………………….. Non-Government Organization PAP……………………………………………… Project Affected Person PAVA……………………………………………. Poverty and Valuation Assessment PFS……………………………………................ Pre-Feasibility Study PoE……………………………………............... Panel of Expert PSMP…………………………………………… Power System Master Plan RP………………………………………………. Resettlement Plan RPM…………………………………………….. Respirable Particulate Matter SPM……………………………………………… Suspended Particulate Matter TCBEM…………………………………………. Technical Committee for Biodiversity and

Environment Management THyE……………………………………………. Tangsibji Hydro Energy Limited TSPM…………………………………………… Total Suspended Particulate Matter TSS……………………………………………… Total Suspended Solids WMD……………………………………………. Watershed Management Division WWF…………………………………………….. World Wildlife Fund

Executive Summary

The Royal Government of Bhutan has approved construction of 118 MW Nikachhu Hydropower Project in April 2014 after which preconstruction works began in December 2014 followed by award of main contract package in April 2015 to M/s Hindustan Construction Company. All sites were handed over to the contractor in May 2015 in including access roads and construction facilities. The first blast was commenced on 2nd August, 2016 for Diversion Tunnel at Dam followed by blast at Adit-III and Adit-II. The project has now completed excavation of Diversion Tunnel. Except for Adit-IV and Adit-V works at all other fronts have began. The Environment Management Plan and Resettlement Plan implementation are in full swing and monitoring of implementation by contractor is done as well. Apart from the activities highlighted in EMP, Tangsibji Hydro Energy Ltd (THyE) has also initiated other conservation activities to mitigate potential impact the project might have on the natural habitat. Further, for well being of Project Affected People at the community various community development programs listed in Resettlement Plan, in consultation with PAP, Geog Administration and Dzongkhag Administration are implemented. After the execution of project other development proposal from Geog Administration were also considered and executed to improve the livelihood of the community. The main monitoring at site is particularly for waste, health, safety, effluent, air quality in Tunnels and ambient. Currently the contractor has employed about 635 workers including technical people all of whom are provided with proper shelter and services. Due to consistent coordination between THyE, local concerned agencies and contractor, no adverse environmental issues have been raised till date.

1.0. Introduction

1.0.1. Brief Project Description

THyE, a fully owned subsidiary of Druk Green Power Corporation Limited was incorporated, on

April 25, 2014, as a Special Purpose Vehicle to develop 118 MW Nikachhu Hydropower Project.

The 118 MW Nikachhu Hydro Power Project was identified in the updated Power System Master

Plan (PSMP) of Bhutan (2004). The Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) was completed on 31 December,

2011 and followed by Feasibility Study in September 2012. The Detailed Project Report was

completed in September 2013.

Bhutan Consultants & Research (BHUCORE) carried out Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment (ESIA) of the Nikachhu project on June 1, 2012, and revisions to the ESIA report

have been made by PWC India consultants under the technical assistance of Asian Development

Bank (ADB). The report constitutes three parts comprising Environment and Social Impact

Assessment (ESIA), Environment Management Plan (EMP) and Resettlement Plan (RP)

2

With an estimated energy generation of 491.52 MU, 85 % shall be exported which will not only

enable revenue generation for the nation but also reduce Green House Gas emission in the

neighbouring country by replacement of fuel by clean and renewable energy, hydropower.

Further, the outflow from Nikachhu Project into Mangdechhu reservoir provides additional energy

generation of 323.77 MU to Mangdechhu Hydro Electric Project.

Nikachhu Hydropower Project is located in Trongsa and stretches over 25 km from Dam, at Lorim,

to Power House, at Norbuodi with 12.14 km Head race Tunnel (HRT) having five intermediated

adits. With the construction of 38 m high dam, 12.28 acres of land will be impounded by 810 m

water back-flow.

1.0.2. Project Progress Status and Implementation Schedule

Prior to ADB loan disbursement, pre-construction works such as Access road to dam site and

access roads to Adits was carried out from December 2014. These included infrastructure

facilities such as access road of 18.388 km, about 8 km construction power line, water supply

arrangement, residential, labour camps and offices.

Table 1.1 Project schedule and activities

No. Activity Amount Awarded Completed Remarks

1 Access Road to

Dam site

Road length- 2.10

km

Contractor:

Construction

Development

Corporation

Limited,

Thimphu

Contract

Amount: BTN

34,791,955.00

Contract

Agreement

signed on 15th

October, 2014

Formation

cutting started

on 28th

November,

2014

Road Handed

over on 12th

November,

2015

Camp

demobilized on

1st December,

2015

Contract completion cost BTN 48,090,124.50

2 Construction of

30 m span 24R

Bailey Bridge:

Contractor:

Construction

Development

Corporation

Limited,

Thimphu

Contract

Agreement

signed on 15th

October, 2014

Handed overon 12th November, 2015

3

Contract

Amount: BTN

14,812,670.43

Access road to Adit-I Road length-2.278 km

Contractor:

M/s Gayjur

Construction

Private

Limited,

Mongar

Contract

Amount: BTN

18,760,650.00

Letter of award

issued on 19th

October, 2014

Contract

Agreement

signed on 1st

November,

2014

Taken over 15th December, 2015.


Access road to Adit-II and Adit-III Road length-1.973 km+ 1.943 km

Contractor:

M/s Lamnekha

Construction

Private

Limited,

Thimphu

Contract

Amount: BTN

50,626,000.00

Letter of award

issued on 19th

October, 2014

Contract

Agreement

signed on 3rd

November,

2014

Road taken

over on 2nd

November,

2015


Access road to

Adit-IV, V, and

Surge Shaft

Road length-

0.577 km+0.417

km+ 1.5 km

Contractor:

M/s Gyalcon

Infrastructure

Private

Limited,

Thimphu

Contract

Amount: BTN

22,678,100.00

Letter of award

issued on 19th

October, 2014

Contract

Agreement

signed on 1st

November,

2014

Road taken over on 2nd November, 2015


Access road to

Power House

Road length- 7.6

km

Contractor:

M/s Tshering

Construction

Private

Limited,

Bumthang

Contract

Agreement

signed on 1st

November,

2014

Completed but not taken over due to some additional works


4

Contract

Amount: BTN

60,158,750.00

Water supply

arrangement to

Dam and Adit I

Contractor:

M/s TGD

Construction,

Trongsa

BTN

2,838,862.50

Letter of Award

issued on 27th

December,

2014.

Contract Signed

on 12th January,

2015

Completed on02 October, 2015


Water supply

arrangement to

Adit II,III &IV

Contractor:

M/s L.S.

Construction,

Trongsa

Contract

Amount: BTN

1,820,936.10

Letter of Award

issued on

27thDecember,

2014.

Contract Signed

on 12th January,

2015

Completed on 10 December, 2015


Water supply

arrangement to

Adit V, Surge

Shaft & Power

House

Contractor:

M/s Karma

Tshering

Construction,

Bumthang

Contract

Amount: BTN

3,356,028.78

Letter of Award

issued on 27th

December,

2014.

Contract Signed on 12th January, 2015

Completed on 26 November, 2015


Contractor facility

at Dam, Adit-I

&Adit-II

Contractor:

M/s Gayjur

Construction

Private

Contract

Agreement

signed on 5th

May, 2015

Completed on 07 May, 2016


5

Limited,

Lingmithang

Contract

Amount: BTN

28,477,299.24

Letter of award

issued on xxx ,

Contractor facility

at Adit-III, Adit-V,

Surge Shaft &

Power House

Contractor:

M/s Z&K

Construction

Private

Limited,

Thimphu on 7th

April, 2015

Contract

Amount: BTN

31,843,544.50

Contract

Agreement

signed on 22nd

April, 2015

Letter of

commencement

of work issued

on 1st July, 2015



Client facility at

Dam Site

Contractor:

M/s Lamnekha

Construction

Private

Limited,

Thimphu

Contract

Amount: BTN

18,558,838.10

Contract

Duration: 4.50

months

Letter of Award:

5th June, 2015

Contract

Agreement

signed on 20th

June, 2015

Completed 25 May, 2016


Client facility at

Power House

Contractor:

M/s Gyalcon

Infrastructure

Private

Limited,

Thimphu

Contract

Amount: BTN

18,247,704.75

Letter of Award:

18th June, 2015

Contract

Agreement

signed on 3rd

July, 2015



6

Contract

Duration: 4.50

months

Construction

power

arrangement

Contractor:

BPC

Contract

amount??

Contract

duration: 9

months

MoU signed

with BPC on 15

August, 2014.

Completed in June, 2015

Completion date: was May, 2015

Main package

M/s Hindustan Construction Company limited (HCC)

Contract Agreement signed on 20 March, 2016

Contractor mobilized, Diversion Tunnel excavation complete, water diverted, Upstream on 15th March, 2017. Target Date : 3rd Nov, 2017.Coffer Dam Completed,Adit I-297m, Adit II- 521 m, Adit III- 593.6 m (Face 5-84.1, Face 6-60.7), Adit IV- 89m, Adit V-47.8m, BVC-189m, IPS-156m, MAT-8.9m, Adit to Surge Shaft top-3m.

Overall physical progress achieved-8.54 %. Targeted Date: 13th Nov, 2016 Target completion dates: -18.03.18 -04.02.18 -08.06.17 -29.12.18 -10.04.19 -02.18 -02.18 -12.18 -10.18

2.0. Compliance to National Regulations

2.0.1. Terms and Conditions of Environmental Clearance

7

The Environment Clearance for construction of 118 MW Nikachhu Hydropower Project was accorded from National Environment Commission (NECS) on 01st July, 2014 with the terms and condition highlighted in the table below:

Table 2.1 compliance with Environment Clearance

Sl.no Reference to Environmental Clearance

Relevant Condition Compliance

1 Clause 9 The holder shall ensure that the implementation of the proposed project is strictly confined within the allocated area.

Complied.

2 Clause 15 The holder shall ensure that local residents, households, communities, public, private parties and religious, cultural, historical and ecologically important site are not adversely affected by the construction of proposed project.

Complied, except for the household below the access road of Adit-III, which was damaged by a falling boulder. There was no casualty and even injury during the accident. However, a new house has been constructed with better facilities and handed over to the owner. Besides the house she was also provided with household items for establishment. She is satisfied with the house and bear no complaints.

3 Clause 18 The holder shall ensure that the implementation of the proposed project, except the Dam, does not lead to blockage, storage or diversion of river, stream, irrigation channel, waterfall and underground water source.

Complied.

4 Clause 19 The holder shall ensure that a buffer of at-least 100 ft is maintained between the project activities and water streams.

Maintaining buffer from streams was not practical where the road alignment has to

8

cut the water body. However, mitigation measures, for elimination of impact on water, such as causeways, and hume pipes were constructed.

5 Clause 21 The holder shall ensure Biodiversity Management Plan and Compensatory Afforestation Program are implemented in coordination with the DoFPS to minimize biodiversity impacts.

Complied. The institutional arrangements are in place and activities being initiated.

6 Clause 22 The holder shall ensure that the construction works at Adit-II are not carried out from 10 pm to 6 am.

Complied.

7 Clause 24 The holder shall ensure that felling of trees if required are done only upon obtaining approval from DoFPS and as per the conditions of the approval.

Complied.

8 Clause 28 The holder shall ensure that Environment Friendly Road Construction techniques are adopted for construction of access roads.

Complied. The road construction adopted was cut-fill method and Bio-engineering measures taken. The Bio-engineering works include broadcasting of grass seeds, seeds of native plant species like Alnus nepalansis, and brush layering with live cutting of species like Erythrina sp and native Bamboo rizhomes.

9 Clause 29 The holder shall ensure that the bio- engineering practices are adopted on all road side slopes.

Complied. Grass seed broadcasting were carried out

9

at all access road slopes.

10 Clause 30 The holder shall ensure construction of side drains, cross drains, causeways, and other supporting structures are required to prevent soil erosion, improve usability and sustainability of road.

Complied.

11 Clause 36 The holder shall ensure that no raw materials of any kind, machineries, plants and equipment and excavated materials are staked along the highway.

Complied for the main package works.

12 Clause 37 The holder shall ensure safe and smooth flow of traffic along the highway.

Complied. However, the flow is hindered by on-going East-West National Highway widening activity.

13 Clause 40 The holder shall ensure dusts are suppressed.

Complied.

14 Clause 46 The holder shall ensure that dump sites are stabilized with appropriate protection measures

Complied.

15 Clause 52 The holder shall ensure that waste generated from the labour camps and work sites are managed as required under WPMA of Bhutan.

Complied.

16 Clause 59 The holder shall ensure that safety gadgets are provided to all workers and any person entering the worksite.

Complied.

17 Clause 66 Ensure that signboards are erected at the starting point of the project area

Complied

3.0. Compliance to Environmental Covenants from the ADB Loan

Agreement

3.0.1. Schedule 5 Environment

Table 3.1 Compliance to Environmental Covenants

Sl.No Relevant Condition Reference Compliance status

1 The Beneficiary shall ensure, or cause DGPC and THyE to ensure, that the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation of the Project and all Project facilities comply with (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Beneficiary relating to environment, health, and safety; (b) the Environmental

Financing Agreement, Schedule 5, Paragraph 3

Complied.

10

Safeguards; (c) the EIAs; and (d) all measures and requirements set forth in each EIA and EMP, and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in a Safeguards Monitoring Report.

2 The Beneficiary shall ensure, and cause DGPC and THyE to ensure, that(a) there are no measurable adverse impacts on critical habitat that could impair its ability to function; (b) there is no reduction in the population of any recognized endangered or critically endangered species; and (c) any lesser impacts are mitigated. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Beneficiary shall cause DGPC and THyE to establish a biodiversity management committee acceptable to ADB that (a) shall be responsible for implementation monitoring and evaluation of the biodiversity conservation and biodiversity management plan as outlined in the relevant EMP and (b) shall ensure that the Project facilities are constructed and operated in a manner consistent with the JSW National Park Management Plan


Complied.

3 The Beneficiary shall cause DGPC and THyE to (a) assess on a continuous basis, in accordance with the relevant EMP, the minimum environmental water flow requirements during the operation of the Project facilities; and (b) ensure a minimum water flow, at a level acceptable to ADB, so as to minimize downstream impacts and make sure there is no net loss of downstream aquatic biodiversity arising from the operation of hydropower facilities in the Mangdechu river basin, including from the Project facilities and the Mangdechu Hydroelectric project. The Beneficiary shall cause DGPC to establish a funding mechanism or internal resources to ensure integrated water resources management for the Mangdechu river basin, including compliance with the minimum environmental water flow requirements as set out in the preceding sentence


Not relevant at this stage of project phase.

4 The Beneficiary shall ensure, or cause DGPC and THyE to ensure, that all land and all rights-of-way required for the Project, and all Project facilities are made available to the Works contractor in accordance with the schedule agreed under the related Works contract and all land acquisition and resettlement activities are implemented in compliance with (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Beneficiary relating to land acquisition and involuntary resettlement; (b) the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards; and (c) all measures and requirements set


Complied.

11

forth in the RP, and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in a Safeguards Monitoring Report.

5 Without limiting the application of the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards, and the RP, the Beneficiary shall ensure or cause DGPC and THyE to ensure that no physical or economic displacement takes place in connection with the Project until (a) compensation and other entitlements have been provided to affected people in accordance with the RP; and (b) a comprehensive income and livelihood restoration program has been established in accordance with the RP


Complied.

6 Submit quarterly Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Reports and semi-annual Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards Monitoring Reports to ADB during construction of the Project facilities and annual Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Reports during operation of the Project facilities, and disclose relevant information from such reports to affected persons promptly upon submission;

Financing Agreement, Schedule 5, Paragraph 11, bullet ‘a’

Not Complied.

7 If any unanticipated environmental and/or social risks and impacts arise during construction, implementation or operation of the Project that were not considered in the relevant EIA, EMP or the RP, promptly inform ADB of the occurrence of such risks or impacts, with detailed description of the event and proposed corrective action plan;

Financing Agreement, Schedule 5, Paragraph 11, bullet ‘b’

Complied. No such risks arised except the house damaged at ADIT-III which was rebuilt and handed over.

8 No later than 31 March, 2015 engage a panel of experts to monitor and report upon Project implementation, and facilitate the carrying out of any monitoring activities by such panel; and

Financing Agreement, Schedule 5, Paragraph 11, bullet ‘c’

Complied.

9 Report any actual or potential breach of compliance with the measures and requirements set forth in the relevant EIA, EMP or the RP promptly after becoming aware of the breach.

Financing Agreement, Schedule 5, Paragraph 11, bullet ‘d’

Complied. All requirements are being fulfilled and some being initiated without any breach.

4.0. Environmental Safeguards

12

4.0.1. Institutional set up

The Environment Management Unit of THyE was established 0n 1st September, 2014 with the

mandate to ensure implementation of Environment Management Plan and to ensure compliance

with National Laws and Regulations, and conditions laid out in the Environmental Clearance

issued by NEC, as well as those of the ADB. The Unit resolves all social, safety and environmental

issues and facilitate contactors in pursuing required clearances and approvals. The

Environmental unit is staffed with fouremployees the Head of Unit, an Elementary Service

Personnel (ESP), Garbage Compactor Operator and a helper. They look into implementation of

Resettlement Plan of the project including processing affected land compensation, monitor

implementation of EMP by the contractor, implement EMP and initiate Biodiversity Conservation

activities in collaboration with various agencies including NGO.

The Environment Unit reports to Chief Administrative Officer of Human Resource and

Administrative Division who further reports to Managing Director.

4.0.2. Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan

4.0.2.1. Land Acquisition (Temporary and Permanent)

In the Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and the EMP during the Detailed Project Assessment, it was estimated that the total project land requirement was about 0.27% of the land area of Tangsibji Geog. The temporary land acquisition is equivalent to 262.50 acres, including the 59.3 acres land for the Transmission Line of Construction Power, with permanent land acquisition being equivalent to 45.66 acres. However, later with cadastral survey 195.262 acres of Government Reserve Forest Land (GRFL) was taken on lease of which 18.66 acres are for permanent structures and 176.602 acres for temporary facilities. The land for permanent structures is leased for 30 years and temporary structures for 5 years. The lease agreement was signed with Department of Hydropower and Power Services (DHPS) on 01st May, 2017. THyE was handed over with the lease certificate by National Land Commission through Dzongkhag Land Lease Committee (DLLC) on 19th June, 2017. For the access road construction, it was estimated that 3.577 acres of private land belonging to 11 households and One Community Primary School would be affected. Therefore, compensation was paid of to all the identified affected households including the land development cost. After the completion of access road construction affected area were resurveyed to find out the actual impact on the private land by the access road. Since then it was found that the affected land has increased from the initial estimated by 3.882 acres. In addition to Eight (8) affected households already indentified in DPR three (3) new households were found to be affected during the actual construction work. The details of initial and additional land and household affected are given in the table below:

13

Table 4.1 Additional affected land

Sl. No.

Name Plot No. Thram Area

Affeted Area

Acquired area (Ac)

Additional Land

affected

1 Sumchokmo TAN-3253 0.406 0.406 0.000 0.404

2 Dorji TAN-1843 2.150 0.585 0.480 0.105

3 Ugyen Zangmo TAN-1842 0.880 0.213 0.107 0.106

4

Sonam Wangchen TAN-1889 0.699 0.699 0.210 0.489

Sonam Wangchen TAN-1873 1.047 0.183 0.132 0.051

5 Kunzang Wangmo TAN-1909 0.372 0.372 0.165 0.207

6 Dorji Dema TAN-1863 0.460 0.433 0.126 0.307

7

Tshewang Lhamo TAN-1865 0.888 0.469 0.094 0.375

Tshewang Lhamo TAN-1867 0.700 0.700 0.375 0.327

8 Phub Zangmo TAN-1855 0.563 0.563 0.241 0.322

9 Tshewang Gyeltshen

TAN-1875 0.577 0.116 0.000 0.116

10 Rinzin Wangmo TAN-1876 0.372 0.372 0.000 0.372

11

Tshang Tshang Dorji

TAN-1878 0.526 0.526 0.197 0.329

Tshang Tshang Dorji

TAN-1879 0.527 0.527 0.155 0.372

14

TOTAL 6.164 2.282 3.882

The affected area for the following four (04) households and the Community Primary School remained unchanged from DPR: Table 5.1 Initial identified households without additional affected

Sl.no. Thram No

Project Component Name Land Type

Thram Area Acquired

1 527 Adit 3 Namgay Chholing CPS

Institutional Land

2.819 0.423

2 270

Power House

Dorji Zangmo Kamzhing 1.200 0.183

3 262 Ugyen Tshomo Kamzhing 1.120 0.280

4 240 Sonam Pelmo Kamzhing 0.765 0.142

5 258 Dorji Dema Kamzhing 0.872 0.267

Total Area (Acres) 1.295

The total private land acquired for the project is 7.459 acres. To meet the requirement of contractor depending on site condition, a muck disposal site was identified for Intermediate Pressure Shaft at Power House. The muck disposal site affects 1.00 ac of private land belonging to two households as detailed below:

Table 6.1 New private lands affected by muck disposal site

Sl.no. Thram No

Project Component Name Land Type

Thram Area Acquired

1 842

Muck

Disposal (IPS)

Dorjimo Wetland 1.600 0.277

2 253 Dorji Zangmo Kamzhing 0.723 0.723

Total Area (Acres) 1.000

4.0.2.2. Land compensated

Compensation in Bhutan is guided by the principle that no household should be worse off

compared to their existing living conditions. Land compensation is therefore guided by the “Land

Compensation Rates and the Land Act of Bhutan (2007). The Land Act 2007, states that

acquisition shall entail fair compensation. The compensation can be in cash or land or a

15

combination of both, the land owner shall have the discretion to opt for one or the other. One

affected two households in table 6.1 opted for land-for-land compensation and other opted partial

land substitute and cash compensation, therefore, substitute land were provided with assistance

from Dzongkhag Land Record Office. The wetland affected was replaced with dryland, as opted

by the land owner, therefore after valuation, an additional 0.055 ac was provided making the

substitute land 0.332 ac in lieu of 0.277 ac wetland. The substitute lands were measured on 04th

August, 2017 in presence of representatives from Geog Administration and land owners. Along

with Land substitution land development cost was provided as per the Resettlement Plan

(Nu.75,000/acre of dryland) to the affected households as listed below in the table:

Table 7.1 Compensation of new affected private lands

Sl.No.

Name Thram

no.

Land Type

Area affected

(Ac)

Compensation type

Total cash Compensation (Nu.)

Land developm

ent compensation (Nu.)

Total Compensati

on (Nu.)

1 Dorjimo 842 Wetland 0.277 Land

replacement

-

27,700.00

27,700.00

2 Gyembo 253 Dryland 0.723

0.123 ac Land

and 0.60 ac cash

183,795.00

9,225.00

193,020.00

TOTAL 183,795.00 36,925.00 220,72

0.00

Table 8.1 Compensation for additional affected land

Sl. No.

Thram No.

Name Plot No. Land Type

Affeted Area

Land development

cost (Nu.)

1 510 Sumchokmo TAN-3253 Kamzhing 0.406

30,300.00

2 56 Dorji TAN-1843 Kamzhing 0.585

7,875.00

3 58 Ugyen Zangmo TAN-1842 Kamzhing 0.213

7,950.00

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4

255 Sonam Wangchen TAN-1889 Kamzhing 0.699

36,675.00

255 Sonam Wangchen TAN-1873 Kamzhing 0.183

3,825.00

5 181 Kunzang Wangmo TAN-1909 Kamzhing 0.372

15,525.00

6 258 Dorji Dema TAN-1863 Kamzhing 0.433

23,025.00

7

272 Tshewang Lhamo TAN-1865 Kamzhing 0.469

28,125.00

272 Tshewang Lhamo TAN-1867 Kamzhing 0.700

24,525.00

8 257 Phub Zangmo TAN-1855 Kamzhing 0.563

24,150.00

9 268 Tshewang Gyeltshen

TAN-1875 Kamzhing 0.116

8,700.00

10 254 Rinzin Wangmo TAN-1876 Kamzhing 0.372

27,900.00

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269 Tshang Tshang Dorji


24,675.00

269 Tshang Tshang Dorji


27,900.00

TOTAL 6.164 291,150.00

The additional 3.882 acres of land was compensated on 30th August, 2016 as detailed above in the table. The first lot of compensation of 3.577 ac was done on 29th November, 2014 amounting Nu. 290,775 (Ngultrum two hundred ninety thousand seven hundred seventy five) including vulnerability allowances amounting Nu. 22,500 (Ngultrum twenty two thousand five hundred) as detailed below; Table 9.1 First phase compensation

Project Component

Name Thram

No. Land Type

Likely Acquisition

(Ac)

Land Development

Cost (Nu.)

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Dam

Ugyen Zangmo 58 Kamzhing 0.107 8,025.00

Dorji 56 Kamzhing 0.480 36,000.00

Adit 3 Namgay Chholing CPS

527 Institutional Land

0.423 31,725.00

Surge Shaft Sonam Wangchen

255 Kamzhing 0.210 15,750.00

Power House

Tshering Lhamo 272 Kamzhing 0.469 35,175.00

Dorji Zangmo 270 Kamzhing 0.183 13,725.00

Phub Zangmo 257 Kamzhing 0.241 18,075.00

Ugyen Tshomo 262 Kamzhing 0.280 21,000.00

Sonam Pelmo 240 Kamzhing 0.142 10,650.00

Sonam Wangchen

255 Kamzhing 0.132 9,900.00

Dorji Dema 258

Kamzhing 0.126 9,450.00

Kamzhing 0.267 20,025.00

Tshang Tshang Dorji

269

Kamzhing 0.197 14,775.00

Kamzhing 0.155 11,625.00

Kunzang Wangmo

181 Kamzhing 0.165 12,375.00

Sub-total 3.577 268,275.00

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B. Vulnerability Entitlement

Project Component

Name Thram

No. Land Type

Likely Acquisition

(Ac)

Vulnerability allowance

Power House

Ugyen Tshomo 262 Kamzhing 0.280 11,250.00

Sonam Pelmo 240 Kamzhing 0.142 11,250.00

Sub- total 0.422 22,500.00

TOTAL 290,775.00

The PAVA land compensation rates are revised with effect from 2017 and compensation rates for Class “C” land in Trongsa has increased as show below: Table 10.1 Revised land compensation rates

Sl.no. Land Type Compensation Rate (2009) (Nu./decimal)

Compensation Rate (2017) (Nu./decimal)

1 Dryland 2262.00 3063.25

2 Wetland 2702.77 3666.05

For the 132 kV transmission line a total of 0.6 acres of private land at Drakten and Langthil will be required. The cadastral survey works were awarded to Dzongkhag Administration as deposit work. The cadastral survey was conducted in October 2015 and reported that only five private measuring 0.4 ac lands belonging to four (04) households will be affected instead of six (06) households envisaged during Detailed Project Report. The detail is as below: Table 11.1 Private lands affected by 132 kV Transmission Line

Sl.no. Thram no. Name of Thram

holder Plot no. Thram area

(Ac) Affected Area (Ac)

1 360 Tshering Dema DRT-2692 0.624 0.050

DRT-2691 0.821 0.050

2 361 Tsheringmo DRT-2626 1.391 0.100

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3 1007 Yeshey DRT-733 0.990 0.100

4 689 Sangay Wangdi DRT-3110 1.198 0.100

TOTAL 0.4 00

4.0.2.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism

The grievance redress mechanism based on the existing governance structure involving the Geog Yargay Tshogchung and the Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogde, has been formed with members from the Dzongkhag Administration, THyE and Geog Administration. This will allow affected households not satisfied with the proposed compensation and lease scheme to submit their grievances. To activate the committee, a meeting was held to discuss on functions of the committee. The meeting was held on 07 October, 2016. Till date the committee has not received any complaints from the stakeholders. The community too does not have any grievance towards the project and indeed are happy for the land development cost and the freedom to choose substitute land provided to them. Till date no grievance were received from the community and PAPs.

4.0.3. Environment Management Plan

4.0.3.1. Panel of Experts To monitor implementation of the EMP and Resettlement Plan an Environmental Expert and Social Development Expert were appointed as External Panel of Experts. They serve as independent consultants to THyE by monitoring the implementation of environmental impacts and recommending appropriate mitigation measures. The two PoEs visited site from 16th- 20th April, 2017. The Environment Experts visited project sites and monitored implementation of EMP while the Social Development Expert consulted stakeholder and community representatives to monitor implementation of RP. The stakeholders include Territorial Forest, District Administration, Park Office, Basic Health Unit, Geog Administration, Village representatives, affected households, and Grievance Redress Committee. The following are recommendations from Panel of Experts:

a. To caution main contractor to improve living condition of the workers; b. THyE management to factor gender aspect in work distribution of field staff without

compromising the overall recruitment policy; c. To impart awareness on waste management.

During consultation with community following issues were raised:

a. A project affected person claims to have structure on his land acquired by project for which compensation is demanded. However, no evidence of its existence is available and therefore does not have basis for valuation and compensation.

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b. Few people in the community requests THyE to resolve ‘Z-plot” issue. As these are the lands granted by His Majesty the this authority lies only with National Land Commission and His Majesty’s office.

No major issues were observed.

Figure 1.1 Consultation and Visit by Panel of Experts

4.0.3.2. Environment Friendly access road construction The construction methodology followed for access road was cut-fill which caused minimum damage on environment due to mucking. While passing water bodies culverts and cause ways were constructed to prevent pollution. Drainage and support structures were provided at required locations. Due to bad access road condition at Dam and Power House during monsoon, concreting of the access roads were contracted out to M/s Lamnekha and M/s Blue Heaven Construction, respectively. Concreting of access road to Dam has completed which has not only facilitated movement of machineries but also reduced the risks of accidents. The concreting of access road to power house is on-going.

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Figure 2.1 Access road before and after concreting

Further, to stabilize slopes along the access roads land management works are being carried out by Green Bhutan Corporation Limited (GBCL), the agency responsible for all plantation and land management works in Bhutan. The land management works are funded by THyE amounting Nu. 1.5 million covered under the MoU signed with DoFPS. Mostly stem cuttings of fast growing species like Erythrina sp. were adopted due to steep slopes and unsuitable soil condition.

Figure 3.1 Land management works

4.0.3.3. Compensatory afforestation To compensate forest cleared for construction of access roads and other construction facilities, a MoU was signed with Department of Forest and Park Services which covered Nu. 7.5 million for plantation of 27 ha of land of which Nu. 1.6 million was released for plantation in 2017. The

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plantation works were handed over to GBCL. GBCL has planted 40,640 seedlings till date: 16,000 seedlings at Bumophai, 14400 seedlings at Dumji Goenpa, 10,240 seedlings at Nyala.

Figure 4.1 Plantation works

4.0.3.4. Conservation Plan for Floral Species i. Rescue and conservation of rare and endangered species prior to and during

construction A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the National Biodiversity Centre (NBC), Ministry of Agriculture and THyE for rescue of rare, endangered, economically important species, from Nikachhu project site, on December 08, 2014. The project was winded up in December 2016. Besides rescuing economically important species from project sites for conservation and Botanical Garden in Thimphu, NBC will also publish a field guide to flora of Niakchhu. The book was launched on 04th June, 2017. The book documents all species, comprising Orchids, Herbs, Shrubs and Trees, in Nikachhu Project area. Several herbariums were also collected and preserved at the Royal Botanical Garden. ii. Establishment of a Botanical Garden As a part of MoU signed with GNHC and DoFPS, THyE approved contribution of Nu. 3.6 million for construction of a Botanical Garden at Tingtibi during the 15th Board Meeting on October 30, 2015. Later, the Nu. 3.6 million has been diverted towards construction of Orchidarium at Tangsibji instead of Botanical Garden at Tingtibi.The Orchidarium at Tangsibji is under construction and will conserve Orchids collected from all project sites. The location was chosen based on the climatic condition and natural habitat required for the species.

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Figure 5.1 Orchidarium under construction

4.0.3.5. Rescue of Wildlife Till date an Otter and a Sambar Deer was rescued by Project team in co-ordination with Forest and Park offices. On 08th April, 2017, the Otter was found trapped in muddy pond unable to move downstream which was seen by Project staffs and rescued and released downstream. On 12th May, 2017 a Sambar Deer was found, injured by dogs, and it was rescued by Project team and handed over to Forest and Park officials.

Figure 6.1 Rescue initiatives by THyE

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During the third Technical Committee for Biodiversity and Environment Conservation (TCBEM) Meeting, the Park Manager (JSWNP) proposed for establishment of wildlife rescue center at Tsangkha which was also recommended by the committee.

4.0.3.6. Institutionalization of a Biodiversity Management Committee Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) was constituted for effective implementation of Biodiversity Conservation Programme enlisted in EMP, with members from different stakeholders such as Forest Officers from the Wildlife Conservation Division, Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Forest Territorial Division and Dzongkhag Forest Office, Zhemgang;National Biodiversity Center;Royal Society for Protection of Nature;Department of Livestock;and THyE. The first committee meeting was held from 2-4 February, 2016. The third TCBEM meeting was held on 29th March, 2017. During the meeting, as decided in the second TCBEM meeting, conservation proposals were presented by various member of which establishment of rescue center, wildlife survey, Golden Langur radio tagging and Eob tagging of Hornbill was given priority. The proposal is under review by Wildlife Conservation Division, Department of Forest and Park Services.

4.0.3.7. Augmentation of baseline information a. Floral diversity The project contributed a sum of Nu. 3,607,075.00 (Ngultrum three million six hundred seven thousand seventy five) for the three surveys conducted by the National Biodiversity Centre from February to August, 2015.Through the surveys, the existing floral diversity of the project site was documented. Another objective for the survey was to also explore possibility of seed banking of the floral species for ex situ conservation. A total of 402 species belonging to 106 families were recorded. This included tree species belonging to 106 families, 37 orchid species, 6 bamboo species and 264 other Herbaceous and shrubs species. An additional 201 species were recorded during the third floral diversity assessment. b. Aquatic diversity The third fish monitoring was carried out from 03-15 April, 2017. During the survey, a total of three fish species (Salmo trutta, Schizothorax sp.and Schizothorax richardsonii) were found in Nika Chhu and Mangdue Chhu and its tributaries. Brown trout was found upstream of Dam and downstream (From ADIT 3 to Dam site), while the Snow trout was found in Nika chhu and Mangdue Confluence till ADIT 3. The study revealed that the less Brown trout are caught as there are more disturbance of water flow and deposition of the mud in the river which ultimately modify their dwelling habitat and feeding ground. Whereas more snow trout where obtained from Nika Chhu and Mangdue Chhu confluence compared to 1st year fish sampling. At Mangdue Chhu Dam site no fish was found but from the lower part (Mangdue chhu Power House area and Kyala Zam site) more snow trout were recorded. Beside these the study team has also spotted the Snow trout fry in still water along river side in Mangdue chhu and its tributary.

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Figure 7.1 Schizothorax richardsonii

Figure 8.1 Salmo trutta

Figure 9.1 Schizothorax sp.

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4.0.3.8. Anti-Poaching Measures To facilitate patrolling and monitoring of environment compliance by Forestry officials, a vehicle was handed over to Forest Range, Trongsa. The vehicle is used for checking illegal poaching and fishing at project sites.

4.0.3.9. Air and Water Quality Monitoring Water quality, comprising parameters such as TSS, pH, COD, BOD, was tested on 25th May, 2017. As per the report all the parameters are found within the national permissible limit. Parameters such as conductivity and pH were measured for effluents, streams and river. During the test carried out 27th June, 2017 it was found that the pH of water from tunnels and sedimentation tanks was alkaline while the water from diversion tunnel was normal. The reason for alkaline water may be due to use of concrete for shotcreting. The test report is attached at Annexure-I. As a mitigation measure sedimentation tanks were made so that water gets filtered before joining the main water body. The water from the tunnel seeps on the way and hardly reaches the water course therefore the risk on aquatic ecosystem is not envisaged. Air quality for parameters like Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter, Suspended Particulate Matter and Total Suspended Particulate Matter was monitored on 17th July, 2017 and all are found within permissible limit. The report is attached as Annexure-I (a). Noise level was monitored at selected sites both during night and day time. The ambient noise level are within permissible limit except the noise level taken at Adit-III during day time. The noise level detected was 73.68 dB which is probably due to operation of ventilation duct for de-fuming after taking a blast in the tunnel. Such noise last only for an hour and the noise level falls within the limit as the ventilation system is turned off. The report is attached as Annexure-I (b).

4.0.3.10. Catchment Management The EMP requires various catchment management programs comprising rapid classification of micro-watersheds, assessment of critical micro-watersheds, and implementation of management plans. The Watershed Management Division (WMD) under DoFPS has carried out rapid assessment of watershed along Nikachhu since September 2015 under the fund covered by World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 32 sub-watersheds were assessed including 13 in Tangsibji Geog. 31 sub-watersheds are classified and normal and one as pristine. However, four sub-watersheds are classified as “degraded by function” of which two (Tsheringmaa Drupchhu and Zalamchhu) fall in Nikachhu project area. The WMD is currently preparing Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) for the two micro-watersheds under Sephu and shall not cover degraded sub-watershed under Tangsibji. However, separate IWMP for the two sub-watersheds shall be prepared after completion of WMD’s project with WWF in September 2017.

4.0.3.11. Environmental strategies for worker camps and project sites a. Worker site and camps The project constructed 90 units of labour camps at various sites such as detailed below:

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Table 12.1 labour camp at each site

Sl.No. Project site Number of Units (Nos)

1 Dam 20

2 Adit-I 10

3 Adit-II 10

4 Adit-III 10

5 Adit-V 10

6 Surge Shaft 10

7 Power House 20

These have been handed over to the contractor as part of the construction. These camps have been provided with separate officers’ quarter, office units, drinking water, electricity supply, toilets and waste collection points. The temporary camps constructed during the access roads have been closed and handed over to the project. b. Waste management

Apart from the waste collection service, to the colonies, communities and school, by the garbage

compactor truck, cleaning campaigns are also conducted periodically. Waste seggregation is

encouranged and THyE facilitates transporation of segragated wastes at Tsangkha Central

School to waste recycling agency, Greener Way, in Thimphu.

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Figure 10.1 cleaning campaigns Further, 5 nos. of garbage bins were also donated to the Royal Court, Trongsato enable proper

waste management.

4.0.3.12. Occupational Health and Safety

To monitor safety implementation by the contractor, apart from daily monitoring charged by safety

site, a proactive safety observation program was initiated wherein the contractor and

representative of client would jointly monitor implementation of safety requirements. The

observations are then highlighted and discussed during joint safety committee meeting. The

second joint safety committee meeting was held on 16th May, 2017.

Further, to enable use of fire extinguishers during disasters, hands-on training for use of fire extinguishers was imparted to the employees of THyE. The same was conducted by contractor to its workers.

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Figure 11.1 Fire extinguisher use training

An advocacy on occupational health, safety and welfare was given to employees of THyE and contractor by THyE in coordination with Department of Labour, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource on 09th May, 2017. To reduce risk of spreading disease, Sexually Transmitted Infections in particular, blood screening was conducted in coordination with Ministry of Health from 13th-18th August, 2017 and samples are under analysis.

Figure 12.1 Blood Screening Program

5.0. Environment Monitoring

All the parameters of Environment Management Plan were complied. Besides THyE, the

parameters are also monitored by DoFPS and National Environment Commission (NEC).

Monitoring of project impacts on forest and biodiversity is carried out routinely by DoFPS. The

National Environment Commission (NEC) monitors the project compliance annually. During the

last visit, there were no observations reported to THyE. Rather the project was commended on

the way access road construction which was implemented in an Environmentally Friendly manner.

6.0. Social Monitoring

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Monitoring of implementation of Resettlement Plan, at National level, is carried out by

Geog Administration, Dzongkhag Administration and Social Development Expert. To address any

grievance of PAPs regarding compensation a Grievance Redress Committee has been set up.

Besides the monitoring by external agencies, THyE also hold casual consultations with local

community individually and in group. Till date no major social issues has arose due to timely

compensation and keeping people in loop on on-going activities

7.0. Conclusion and Recommendation

The environment management plans were executed accordingly and timely monitoring done by

the entire stakeholder. Stakeholders were involved at all stage of project execution including

casual conversation with the affected people to provide them a comfortable time to express

opinions on project benefits and impacts, if any.

If the authority observes any non-compliance at contractor’s end it is being dealt as per the Rules

and Regulation of the country.

As Environment Unit has to handle all the environment, safety and social issues including desk

works and field, the work load of a single person becomes heavy. Therefore, it is recommended

to strengthen the Unit for effective performance.

Annexure-I –Water quality

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Test date: 27th June, 2017

A Water Quality National Standards

Sl.No. Parameters Very Good Good Moderate

1 Conductivity (µS/cm) 800 1000 2000

2 pH 6.5-8.5 6 to 9 6 to 9

3 DO (mg/l) 6 4 0

Sl.No. Location Conductivity (µS/cm) pH LDO (Mg/L)

1 Dam DT Outlet 88.53 7.62

2 Dam DT Inlet 84.67 8.38

3 Dam (Batching Plant) 843.67 11.51

4 Adit-I 1021.67 11.66

5 Nyalalumchhu 132.33 6.03

6 Adit-II 553.67 11.29

7 Adit-III 140.63 10.22

8 IPS 1168.67 11.59 6.29

9 Power House 152.93 8.20 6.89

Annexure-I (a)-Air quality

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Ambient Air Quality Standards (Maximum Permissible Limits in µg/m3)

Sl.no. Parameter Mixed Area*

1 Total Suspended Particulate Matter

24 Hour Average 200

2 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM 10)

24 Hour Average 100

Test date: 17th July, 2017

Location Tashiling

Weather Partially Sunny

RSPM (μgm/m³)

24 HRs Average

37.83

SPM (μgm/m³) 32.43

TSPM (μgm/m³) 70.13

Annexure-I (b)-Noise level

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Noise Level National Limits

Industrial Area Mixed Area Sensitive Area

Day* Night* Day Night Day Night 75 dB (A)

65 dB (A) 65 dB (A) 55 dB (A)

55 dB (A)

45 dB (A)

Note: All the values are maximum values * Day time is from 0600 hours to 2200 hours (human activities) ** Night time is from 2200 hours to 0600 hours (no human activities) Maximum value allowed in workplace in any point of time is 75 dB

Test date: 17th July, 2017

Sl.No. Location

Noise level (dB)

National limit (dB)

Day Night Day Night 1 Dam 34.00 38.64

65.00 55.00

2 Adit-I 45.00 36.60 3 Adit-II 58.67 40.00 4 Adit-III 73.68 45.00 5 Adit-IV 62.00 51.00 6 Workshop 56.15 33.22 7 Surge shaft 60.00 48.50

8 Power House

63.56 37.00

Note: The project area for Nikcahhu Hydropower Project is accounted as mixed area.

bhutan: second green power development project: (118 mw ...€¦ · 1.0.1. brief project...

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