bharathidasan university€¦ · m.sc. marine science (coastal zone management) ugc sponsored...

BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY THIRUCHIRAPPALLI, TAMIL NADU - 620024, INDIA

04312407111; 04312407072E416; 04312407045F; [email protected]

M.Sc. Marine Science (Coastal Zone Management)

UGC sponsored innovative programme

Choice Based Credit System

Curriculum - 2011-2012 onwards

D E P A R T M E N T O F M A R I N E S C I E N C E

(AUTONONOMOUS)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1 FACULTY MEMBERS 4

2 STRUCTURE OF M.Sc. MARINE SCIENCE 7

3 M.Sc. MARINE SCIENCE SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 8

4 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 9

5 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 10

6 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 11

7 GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 12

8 MARINE INSTRUMENTATION 13

9 PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY PRAC-

TICAL 14

10 MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 15

11 MARINE POLLUTION 16

12 TOPICS IN MARINE SCIENCE 17

13 APPLIED MARINE SCIENCE 18

14 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY PRACTICAL 19

15 EXTRA DISCIPLINARY COURSE - 1 20

16 INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT 21

17 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR MARINE SCIENCE 22

18 MARINE GEOPHYSICS 23

19 FISHERIES TECHNOLOGY 24

20 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PRACTICAL 25

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21 EXTRA DISCIPLINARY COURSE - 2 26

22 LAST SEMESTER PROJECT 27

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DISCIPLINARY AND EXTRA DISCIPLINARY COURSES

AND

Phd COURSES OFFERED BY DEPARTMENT OF MARINE

SCIENCE

29

24 NANOGEOSCIENCE 29

25 STOCK ASSESSMENT OF FISHERIES 30

26 MARINE ENVIRONMENT 31

27 NAUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 32

28 MARINE PHARMACOLOGY 33

29 SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY 34

30 METEOROLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 35

31 COASTAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT 36

32 SCUBA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 37

33 MARINE RECREATION 38

34 GENERAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39

35 CAREER ORIENTED SOFT SKILLS 40

36 MARINE PLANKTONOLOGY 42

37 ADVANCED STUDY IN MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS 43

38 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 44

39 COASTAL AQUACULTURE 45

40 MOLECULAR TAXONOMY 46

41 COASTAL MARINE GEOLOGY 47

42 M.Sc. MARINE SCIENCE (COASTAL ZONE MANAGE-

MENT) REGULATIONS 48

43 SPECIAIZATION OF FACUTY MEMBERS 52

PREVIOUIS

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-A Division of School of Marine Science-

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCIENCE

FACULTY MEMBERS

Dr. G. Singaravadivelan, M.Sc.,M.Phil.,Ph.D. Assistant Professor

Dr. V. Yoganandhan, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Dr. N. Manoharan, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Dr. R. Rajaram, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Dr. P. Santhanam, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Dr. R. Arthur James, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Dr. V. Radhakrishnan, M.Sc., Ph.D. Professor and Head

Dr. A. Rajendran, D.Sc. Coordinator and Founder Head Professor Emeritus

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1 Dr. V. Radhakrishnan

Professor and Head Department of Marine Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620 024.

Chairman- Head of the Department

2 Dr. A. Rajendran

Professor Emeritus (Formerly Coordinator and Founder Head) Department of Marine Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620 024.

Member – Faculty

3 Dr. R. Arthur James

Assistant Professor in Marine Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620 024.

Member – Faculty

4 Dr. P. Santhanam


Member – Faculty

5 Dr. R. Rajaram


Member – Faculty

6 Dr. N. Manoharan


Member – Faculty

7 Dr. V. Yoganandan


Member – Faculty

8 Dr. V. Ramasamy

Deputy Director Geological Oceanography Division National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa—403004.

Member - VC Nominated Expert

9 Dr. N. Ramanujam

Prof. & Head Department of Coastal Disaster Management Pondicherry University Brookshabad Campus P.B.26, Junglighat, Port Blair Andamans—744103.


DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCIENCE,

BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620024.

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10 Dr. P. S. Parameswaran

Scientist in Charge Regional Centre National Institute of Oceanography Dr. Salim Ali Road P.B. No. 1913, Kochi –682018. [email protected]


11 Dr. S. Santhana Krishnan

Chief Executive Marine Technologies No. 37, First street Anna Colony Besant Nagar Chennai – 600 090.

Corporate Member

12 Dr. A. P. Selvam

Principal technical officer Information technology group National institute of oceanography Dona paula Goa – 403 004.

Member – Expert –

Outside the Department

13 Dr. V.M. Karunagaran

Scientist M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Fish for All Centre 1253, I Floor, Narayanasami Nattar Illam, Main Road, Poompuhar - 609 105.



14 Dr. V.K. Venkataramani

Director of Research and Extension (Fisheries) Fisheries College and Research Institute Thoothukudi—628008.



15 Ms. G. Kavya

D/o S. Gunasekaran 4/74, Avanam (PO) Peravurani (TK) Thanjavur—614623.

Member –

PG Meritorious Alumnus

16 Dr. M. Daniel

The Dean Faculty of Science Bharathidasan university Tiruchirappalli – 620024.

Special Invitee

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STRUCTURE OF M.Sc. MARINE SCIENCE (COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT) UGC SPONSORED INNOVATIVE PROGRAMME

(2011-2012 onwards)

Sem

ester

No

. of P

ap

ers

Ch

oice o

f co

urse

Na

ture o

f C

ou

rse

Tea

chin

g H

ou

rs/ W

eek/ C

ou

rse

To

tal H

ou

rs

To

tal H

ou

rs/ w

eek

Cred

its/ Co

urse

To

tal cred

its p

er cho

ice

To

tal cred

its p

er Sem

ester

I 3 Core Theory 4 12 4 12

2 Electives Theory 4 8 4 8

1 Core Practi-cal 10 10 30 6 6 26

II 2 Core Theory 4 8 4 8

2 Electives Theory 4+5 9 4 8

1 Extradisciplinary Theory 3 3 3 3

1 Core Practi-cal 10 10 30 6 6 25

III 2 Core Theory 4 8 4 8

2 Electives Theory 4+5 9 4 8

1 Extradisciplinary Theory 3 3 3 3

1 Core Practi-cal 10 10 30 6 6 25

IV 1 Core Project 30 30 30 14 14 14

Total minimum number of credits required for the degree of M.Sc. Marine Science.

90

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Programme of Study: M.Sc. MARINE SCIENCE (Coastal Zone Management) SCHEME OF EXAMINATION - 2011-2012 onwards

SEMESTER ONE

Paper Type

Course Code

Name of the Course

Tea

chin

g

Ho

urs

Credit hours

CIA UE Max Ex

am

. D

ura

tion

in

ho

urs

Sem

ester

To

tal C

redit

Max Max 100

11T POY Physical Oceanography 4 4 25 75 100 3

12T COY Chemical Oceanography 4 4 25 75 100 3

13T BOY Biological Oceanography 4 4 25 75 100 3

14D GOY Geological Oceanography 4 4 25 75 100 3

15D MI Marine Instrumentation 4 4 25 75 100 3

16P PGOY Physical and Geological Oceanography Practical

10 6 40 60 100 4 26

Sub totals 30 26 600

SEMESTER TWO

21T MBC Marine Biodiversity and Conservation 4 4 25 75 100 3

22T MPN Marine Pollution 4 4 25 75 100 3

23D TMS Topics in Marine Science 4 4 25 75 100 3

24D AMS Applied Marine Science 5 4 25 75 100 3

25P PCOY Chemical Oceanography Practical 10 6 40 60 100 4

26E ED1 EXTRADISCIPLINARY 3 3 25 75 100 3 25


SEMESTER THREE

31T CZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4 4 25 75 100 3

32T RMM Research Methodology for Marine Science

4 4 25 75 100 3

33D MGP Marine Geophysics 5 4 25 75 100 3

34D FTY Fisheries Technology 4 4 25 75 100 3

35P PBOY Biological Oceanography and Research Methodology Practical

10 6 40 60 100 4

36E ED2 EXTRADISCIPLINARY 3 3 25 75 100 3 25


SEMESTER FOUR

41W LSP Last-Semester Project 30 14 100 100 4 14

Grand Totals 1900

90

Notes: First Two numbers refer to Semester number and Course number respectively. Third letter indicates

type of course work, i.e., T for theory; D for Departmental Elective; P for Practical; E for Extradisciplinary Course and W for Project work.: CIA: Continuous Internal Assessment; UE: University Examination.

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Paper Type: 11T

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (Subject Code=POY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4) (2011-2012

onwards)

UNIT—I HISTORY OF OCEAN STUDIES Need for Ocean Studies – Definition of water bodies - Ocean as an important component of Hy-drosphere – Historical account on Ocean Studies – Oceanographic exploration – International Oceanographic Organizations - Oceanographic institutions of India – Types of Vessels.

UNIT—II OCEAN DESCRIPTION Dimensions of the Ocean: Depth, Area and Volume – measuring the depth of the Ocean Dimen-sions - Principles of Echosounder – Seafloor features – mid ocean ridges – trenches – Island arcs and basins – Submarine Canyons – Bengal fan – continental shelf and slope – sea mounts – World Oceans - satellite altimetry.

UNIT—III ATMOSPHERE – OCEAN INTERACTION Atmospheric boundary layer – Beaufort wind scale and state of sea – Scatterometer – windsat – Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I) – Anemometer – Weather buoys – windstress.

UNIT—IV PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Oceanic Heat budget (Fluxes, insolation, infrared, and latent heat) – Temperature – Salinity - Density – Pressure – light – Eckman Spiral – Langmuir circulation – Geostrophic currents – Oceanic circulations - Vorticity – Deep circulation.

UNIT—V OCEANIC PROCESSES Tropical Ocean stratification – E1Nino – ENSO – Global ocean models – coastal models – Ocean waves – Coastal Processes and Tides – Tsunamis – Storm surges.

Reference: Baretta-Bekker, 1998. Encyclopaedia of Marine Science. Springer, 357pp. Brown, E., and others, 2004. Ocean circulation. The Open University, 286pp. Brown, E., and others, 2006. Waves, tides and shallow water processes. The Open University,

227pp. Diwan, A.P and Arora, D.K., 1995. Oceanographic Environment, Anmol Publication, New Delhi. Garrisson, T., 1998. Oceanography. Media edition, 553pp. Gross, G., 1993. Oceanography: A view of the earth, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey. Hayes, S. 1998. Oceanography – An illustrated guide, John Willey & Sons, New York. Ikeda, M. and F.W. Dobson, 2005. Oceanographic applications of remote sensing. CRC Press,

492pp. Marshall, J. and R. A. Plumb, 2008. Atmosphere, ocean and climate dynamics. NIO. Collected reprints. Vol.1 to 27+. Philander, S.G., 2004. Our affair with El NINO. Princeton, 275pp. Pickard, G.L, 1975. Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Pergamon Press, London. Pinet, P.R., 1999. Invitation to Oceanography, Jones and Barlett Publishers, 555pp. Reddy, M.P.M., 2001. Descriptive Physical Oceanography. Oxford & IBM, 440pp. Rose, D.A., 1977. Introduction to Oceanography, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey. Sverdrup, H.U., M.W. Johnson and Richard H, Fleming, 1942. The Oceans, Their Physics, Chem-

istry and General Biology, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi.

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Paper Type: 12T

CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

(Subject Code=COY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) =100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 on-wards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION General introduction of marine chemistry, chemical properties of sea water, composition of sea-water, oxidation-reduction potential of seawater constancy, concept of chlorinity and salinity, method of measurement.

UNIT—II CHEMICAL ELEMENTS Major and minor elements of seawater, abundance and residence time, anoxic basin. Interaction of major and minor elements with marine organisms. Trace elements concept, types of distribu-tion, inputs and cycling of trace elements in coastal waters.

UNIT—II GASEOUS RELATION Dissolved gases, basic concepts, solubility in seawater, carbon dioxide-origin-importance and distribution-CO2-CO3 systems. Dissolved oxygen-origin and factors governing the distribution – BOD and COD. Air and sea gas exchange, non reactive, minor reactive and noble gases - origin, distribution and importance.

UNIT—IV NUTRIENTS CYCLE Organic matter, types, sources, seasonal variation, ecological processes and significance. Nutri-ents origin, Fertility of the sea, nitrogen, phosphorus, determination, seasonal variation. Nitro-gen - Phosphorus ratio, Silicon: origin, distribution cycle and their significance.

UNIT—V BIOGEOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS Biochemical interaction of Ocean and atmosphere-phytoplankton. Biogeochemical cycles - DMS and climate, El Nino and ENSO, climate change in recent century, role of Ocean in climate change and carbonate system, global warming, green house effect, heat budget and sea level rise.

Reference: Bigg G.R.., 2003. The Oceans and Climate, Cambridge University Press, 273pp. Fasham M.J.R., 2003. Ocean Biogeochemistry: The role of the ocean carbon cycle in global

change. James, R., 2005. Marine Biogeochemical cycles, 2/e. Open University, Milton Keynes, 130pp. Riley, J.P. and Chester, R., 1971. Introduction to Marine Chemistry, Academic Press, 465pp. Schulz, H.D., 2000. Marine geochemistry. Springer-Verlog.

Sverdrup K.A., and Virginia Armbrust, 2008. Introduction to the World’s Oceans- Science, 508

pp.

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Paper Type: 13T

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

(Subject Code=BOY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) =100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 on-wards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Historical development of biological oceanography, classification of marine environment and marine organisms, properties affecting life in the sea.

UNIT—II PLANKTON AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION Plankton-ecological and economic importance, classification, methods of collection, primary and secondary production-methods of estimation of primary production, estimation of standing crop and biomass-numerical methods, plankton volume, adaptation of plankton, factors controlling primary production, red tide phenomenon- its causes and effects. Food chain and food webs-the microbial loop.

UNIT—III BENTHIC FLORAL COMPONENTS Seaweeds-classification, occurrence, economic importance, seagrass and saltmarshes-distribution, their role in coastal ecosystems, mangroves-distribution, ecological features, impor-tance and uses of mangroves.

UNIT—IV NEKTON AND FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY Nektonic crustaceans, cephalopods, marine reptiles, seabirds, marine mammals-cetaceans, sire-nians, pinnipedes, importance of marine mammals, marine fishes-classification, migration and schooling, major food species, mariculture, global fishery resources.

UNIT—V BENTHIC FAUNAL COMMUNITY Zonations-rocky shores, sandy shores, estuaries and kelp forest, marine sponges-their types and importance, Cnidarians-classification, coral reefs-structure, distribution and limiting factors, marine mollusks-classification, echinoderms-their types and importance, deep sea ecology-Brachiopoda, phoronida and pogonophora.

References: Biswas, K.P., 2008. Corals of tropical oceans. Daya publishing house, 228pp. Castro P. and M.E. Huber., 2003. Marine Biology, Mc Graw Hill. Pub., 468 pp. Jannett, B., 2008. Marine mammals of the world. Academic Press, 573pp. Lalli C.M. and T.R. Parsons., 1997. Biological Oceanograpahy - An Introduction, Elsevier, 314 pp. Miller, C.B., 2005. Biological oceanography. Blackwell Publsihing, 402pp. Milne, D.H., 1995. Marine life and the sea. Wadsworth Publishing Corporation, 459pp. Nybakken, J.W.., 2001. Marine Biology - An ecological approach. Benjamin Cummings., 516 pp.

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Paper Type: 14T

GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

(Subject Code=GOY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 on-wards)

UNIT—I OCEAN BASINS Shape of ocean floor – Ocean floor features - Continental margins: shelf and slope - Origin of ocean basins –– Oceanic ridges – East Pacific Rise – Mid Atlantic Ridge - Rift valleys – South African Rift valleys - Trenches – Marianas trench – Fracture systems – Oceanic crust: origin and composition

UNIT—II COASTAL OCEAN Beaches – Beach sands - Beach zones – Longshore drift – Barrier Islands – Tidal types of Coasts - Classification of coasts – Wave action and Shoreline development – coastal features – Marine terraces - Vulnerability of coasts to natural marine disasters

UNIT—III CONCEPTS OF PLATE TECTONICS Outline of plate tectonics – Plate boundaries – Geologic processes at plate boundaries – Seafloor spreading – Geomagnetic and other evidences for seafloor spreading – Subduction zones – Is-land arc systems. .

UNIT—IV MARINE SEDIMENTS AND MINERAL DEPOSITS Terrigenous - Biogenic -Authigenic - Volcanogenic - Cosmogenous – Turbidites – Hemipelagic: shallow sediments – Sulphide chimneys – Pelagic sediments: Oozes and clays - Phosporites - Placer minerals: origin of marine placers – species and distribution - Ferromanganese oxide minerals: origin of nodules and crusts and distribution – Hydrothermal minerals:

UNIT—V PALAEOOCEANOGRAPHY Panthalassa – Tethys Sea – Approaches to palaeooceanographic reconstructions – various proxy indicators for palaeooceanographic interpretation - Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and its applications in palaeooceanography – Ocean Drilling programme and its major accomplish-ments in palaeooceanography – Eustasy - Palaeooceanographic scenario in and around Ariya-lur, Tamil Nadu.

References: Abrantes, F. and Mix, A.C., 1999. Reconstructing ocean history. Springer, 443pp. Charles, A., 2005. Geological Oceanography. Cronan, D.S., 2000. Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits. CRC press, 406pp. Einsele, G., 2000. Sedimentary basins: evolution, facies and sediment budget. Springer, 792pp. Eisma, D., Intertidal deposits, CRC Press, 525pp. King, C.A.M., 1959. Beaches and Coasts, Edward Arnold, London. King, C.A.M., 1975. Introduction to Marine Geology and Geomorphology. Edward Arnold, Lon-

don. Radhakrishnan, V., 1997. General Geology, V.V.P. Publishers, Tuticorin, 228pp.. Seabold, E. and Berger, W.H., 1982. The Sea Floor, Springer Verlag. Shepard, F.P., 1977. Geological oceanography: evolution of coasts, continental margins & the deep

-sea floor. Crane, Russak, 214pp. Shepard, F.P., 1978. Geological Oceanography, Heinmann, London. The Ocean, 1969. A Scientific American book, W.H. Freeman and company, San Francisco. Wefer, G. and other, 2003. Ocean Margin Systems. Springer, 495pp.

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Paper Type: 15D

MARINE INSTRUMENTATION

(Subject Code=MI; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4) (2011-2012 on-wards)

UNIT—I PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Research vessels - moorings - satellites - submersibles - towed vehicles - floats and drifters; CTDs - current meters - Echo Sounders - Wave measurements - tide gauges - remote sensors - shear probes – Secchi disk

UNIT—II CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Nansen and Niskin bottles - multiple water sample devices - thermosalinographs – sediment traps – Flourimeter - COD & BOD incubators - UV-spectrophotometer – Hand refractometer – AAS – Mercury analyzer.

UNIT—III BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Plankton nets- Flow meter – Displacement apparatus - Sub sampler - Peterson Grab - Sediment Corer - Trawler & Mechanized Fiber boat - Trawl net, cast net, gill net. Inverted microscope - Stereozoom microscope – Binocular - Trinocular and Compound microscopes. Chlorophyll esti-mation using spectrophotometer. Scintillation counter for C14 techniques.

UNIT—IV GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Polarizing petrological microscope - Sediment samplers – Corers – Piston - Grabs:- Boomerang; Patterson – Sidescan Sonar, marine magnetometer - Ocean Bottom Seismometer – Tsunami Warning Systems

UNIT—V METEOROLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Automatic Weather Station – Floats - Acoustic Navigation. Min Max thermometer – Aneroid Ba-rometer – Wind cock – Velocity meter – sunshine – Evaporation pan – Radar storm warning system – Humidity meter – Rain gauge - GPS

References: See websites of manufacturers of such instruments for product detail and literature.

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Paper Type 16P

PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY PRACTICAL

(Subject Code=PGOY; Max. Marks (CIA=40 + UE=60)=100; Credits=6) (2011-2012 onwards)

GENERAL: Sketching, describing demonstration of marine research instruments and equip-ments:– Snorkel, SCUBA, moorings, floats and drifters, ADCP, CTDs, Reversing thermometer, current meters, echo sounders, wave measurers, tide gauges, Secchi disk, polarizing petrological microscope, Boomerang sediment samplers, box and piston corers, Patterson grab, sidescan so-nar, marine magnetometer, ocean bottom seismometer and Tsunami Warning Systems. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Problems related to Physical oceanography. GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Problems related to Geological oceanography

Evaluation Marks

Continuous Internal Assessment 40

Observation 5

Record Note Book 10

Test practical 25

University Practical Examination 60

Practicals Total 100

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Paper Type 21T

MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

(Subject Code=MBC; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION TO MARINE BIODIVERSITY Understanding the marine biodiversity and conservation, origin of conservation biology, divi-sions of biodiversity, keystone species, ecosystem functioning, world’s marine biological diver-sity, marine hot spots-cold seeps, hydrothermal hotspots, marine biosphere reserves and their importance in India and abroad.

UNIT—II PATTERNS AND VALUING BIODIVERSITY Species diversity, species richness, species evenness, factors affecting species diversity, values of biodiversity-ecological economic values, ethical values, socio-economic values and conservation feasibility values.

UNIT—III THREATS TO MARINE BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity in special ecosystems with reference to mangroves and coral reefs. Species extinc-tion, vulnerability to extinction, habitat destruction-coral reefs and mangroves, habitat degrada-tion, habitat fragmentation, maximum sustainable yield (MSY), alien species, diseases, global climate change-coral bleaching, ocean acidification.

UNIT—IV CONSERVATION STRATEGIES Importance of conservation, IUCN and their importance, various conservation strategies- germ-plasm banks, cryopreservation, marine protected areas, sea ranching, mesh size regulation, TED, fishing holidays, conservation and development at national and international level.

UNIT—V CONSERVATION POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS Various legislations and regulations in conservation of marine biodiversity-the role of MoEn & F in conservation, NGO’s involvement in conservation and various case studies related to coastal marine conservation science and policy with reference to Indian maritime states.

References: Hawksworth, D.L., 1996. Biodiversity measurement and estimation. Chapman & Hall, 140pp. Qubiroga, H., 2006. Marine biodiversity, Springer, 353pp. Richard B. Primack., 2002. Essentials of conservation biology – 3rd edition, Sinauer Assoc. Inc.

Pub., USA, 698 pp. Ruth, 2002. Dynamic modeling for marine conservation. Springer, 446pp. Singh, J.S., S. P. Singh and S. R. Gupta., 2006. Ecology, Environment and Resource conservation.,

Anamaya Pub., New Delhi, 688 pp.

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Paper Type: 22T

MARINE POLLUTION

(Subject Code=MPN; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION

Marine pollution – GESAMP definition and its role – major marine pollutants and types – classi-fication – nature, sources and transportation pathways. Conservative and non-conservative pol-lutants.

UNIT—II MAJOR MARINE POLLUTANTS

Types, sources and ecological effects on marine environment – Sewage, heavy metal, pesticide, oil, nuclear, thermal and plastic pollution. Ecological impact of pollutants on marine organisms. Effect of mining and dredging operation on marine environment.

UNIT—III MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING

Methods for monitoring marine pollution – biological indicators and accumulators. Conservation and management of the living resources in the high sea. Coastal issues – climate change and sea level rise.

UNIT—IV OCEAN MANAGEMENT

National and international agencies for Ocean management - MOEn., MOES and COMAPS. Prin-ciples of remote sensing and GIS for Ocean management, Coastal and ocean resource manage-ment - endangered coastal biota, marine biosphere reserves and marine parks.

UNIT—V POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROGRAMS

Pollution abatement programs in developed countries – case studies. Assessing pollution dam-age. Law pertaining to marine pollution. State of some seas – Biodegradation and bioremedia-tion.

References: Carl J. Sindermann, 2005. Coastal pollution: Effects on living resources and humans (Marine Sci-

ence Series). 271 pp. Churchill, R. R and A.V. Lowe, 1983. The Law of the Sea, 3d ed. (Manchester: Manchester Univer-

sity Press) 494 pp Clark, R. B. 2001. Marine pollution, Fifth edition. Oxford University press, New York Inc., 231pp.

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Paper Type: 23D

TOPICS IN MARINE SCIENCE

(Subject Code = TMS; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) =100; Credits = 4) (2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I MARITIME STUDIES Ships and shipping – Ship Routing and Ocean transportation – Marine structures – Safety at sea – Maritime logistics: Meteorology for Mariners Port operations, Ports skills,– International Maritime Organization – Maritime Legislation - Maritime Law - Safety Operation of Marine Ve-hicles - Shipping Economics, Maritime supply chain management - Customs and excise - Mari-time Security Management - Careers in shipping industry.

UNIT—II MARINE EXPLORATION

History of marine exploration – Nautical archaeology of India - Exploration tools and devices – Methods of marine exploration: Gravity, Magnetic, Seismic and Fourier spectrometers. Offshore oil and gas deposits – Energy from the ocean – Marine mineral potential of India.

UNIT—III HYDROGRAPHY

Types of marine surveys: Hydrographic, Bathymetric, Oceanographic and Geophysical – Interna-tional Hydrographic Organization (IHO) – IHO Standards – Standards Defined by S–44 – Posi-tioning: Visual, Electronic and Satellite (GPS) – Sounding methods – Acoustic methods – Non-acoustic – Tides, Datum, and Water levels – Nautical charts: Scales, Symbols, Numbering, Ab-breviations, Terms, Conventions and Navigation roses.

UNIT—IV SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean Satellites – Satellite oceanography applications – Polar orbiting satellites (POES) – Geo-stationary satellites (GOES) – Oblique orbital satellites – Microwave, radar and Doppler tech-nologies - Sea Surface Temperature – Sea Surface Topography – Sea Surface Dynamics - Ocean colour – Biological productivity – biological response to climate change –Sea ice extent – Ocean salinity - Current ocean monitoring satellites and sensors.

UNIT—V MARINE APPLICATIONS OF GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - Components of GIS – GIS data types - Overview of dif-ferent GIS packages - Spatial and temporal marine data - global co-ordinates – Concepts of query and overlay analysis - GIS as a tool for management of natural resources and disasters.

References: Abrantes, F. and Mix, A.C., 1999. Reconstructing ocean history. Springer, 443pp. Askne Han, A.A., 1995. Sensors and Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing. Balkema, Rotterdam,

Brookfield. Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs. Australian Association for Maritime Affairs. Barry, R.G. and R.J. Chorley. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Routlege – Tailor & Francis, UK. Bjerkaes, 2010. Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 234pp. Einsele, G., 2000. Sedimentary basins: evolution, facies and sediment budget. Springer, 792pp. GIS for coastal zone management. Harlett, S.K., 2002. Quaternary environmental micropalaeontology. Arnold, 340pp. Ikeda M. and F.W., Dobson Oceanographic applications of Remote Sensing. CRC press, Washington DC. Ingham, A.E., and Abbot, V.J., 1992. Hydrography for the surveyor and engineer. Black Well, 132pp. Jenkins, D.G., 1993. Applied Micropalaeontology. Springer, 269pp. Jones, S, 2006. Maritime Security - A Practical Guide. The Nautical Institute,. Jong, C.D. De, 2002. Hydrography. Blue print, 353pp. Kennish, M.J., 2001. Practical handbook of marine science, 3e. CRC Press, 876pp. Lekkerkark, H-J, 2006. Handbook of Offshore Surveying: preparation and positioning. Clarkson Research Sci-

ence Ltd., 316pp. Maini, A.K. and V. Agrawal, 2007. Satellite technology: Principles and applications. John Wiley and Sons. Research & Exploration, 1991. National Geographic Society, 1991. Robinson, I.S., 1995. Satellite Oceanography. Winchell, LLD A., 2010. Topography and Hydrography. Bibliobazaar. 114pp.

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Paper Type: 24D

APPLIED MARINE SCIENCE

(Subject Code=AMS; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I MARINE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS Bioactive natural products – anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, anti-parasitic and antihelminthic from macroalgae, marine bacteria, dinoflagellates, coelentrates (corals), bryozoans, sponges and tunicates. Extraction, isolation, purification and characterization of bioactive compounds from marine organisms.

UNIT—II MARINE PHARMACOLOGY Need and potentialities of marine drugs, importance and sources, carbohydrates and derivatives, aliphatic acids and derivatives. Antibiotic compounds from marine organisms - Toxins, chemis-try and pharmacology structure, molecular mechanisms, types and functional properties. Phar-macological evaluation of drugs – routes of drug administration – absorption, distribution, me-tabolism and excretion of drug.

UNIT—III ADVANCES IN AQUACULTURE Probiotics bacteria and their importance in aquaculture. Vaccines for aquaculture. PCR tech-nique for identification of bacterial and viral pathogen in aquaculture. Genetics manipulation of marine organisms of commercial importance. Seaweeds as a source of polysaccharides.

UNIT—IV SEAFLOOR TECTONICS Seafloor and its bathymetry and topography – lithospheric plates – seafloor geomagnetism – Accretionary tectonics – Oceanic ridges as divergent plate boundaries – Trenches as convergent plate boundaries – Subduction zones – Transform fault boundaries – tsunamis – submarine can-yons – Bengal fan – Seafloor geologic process – Volcanism and seismicity – Benioff plane.

UNIT—V INDUSTRIAL MARICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY Seaweed cultivation-agar, algin and carrageen production, mussel farming, pearl culture, crab fattening, open-sea fish farming, algal biofuel production, biofertilizer-algal and fish biofertilizer, ornamental fish trade, pigment and enzyme production from marine flora and fauna, nanoparti-cles production-silica and chitosan nanoparticles from marine organisms.

References: Attaway, D.H. and Z. Oskar. Marine Biotechnology Vol I. Pharmaceutical and bioactive natural

products. Springer publications, Plenum Press, USA. 524pp. Faulkner, D.J., 2000. Highlights of marine natural products chemistry. Natural products report,

17: 1-6 Faulkner, D.J., Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2000. Marine Pharmacology. 77: 135-145pp Faulkner, D.J.,1995. Marine natural products. Reviewing the literature. Fingerman, M., Nagabhushanam, R and M. Thompson, 1998. Recent advances in marine biotech-

nology. Vol. 2. Moore, B.S. 1999. Biosynthesis of marine natural products: Microorganisms and microalgae. 16:

653 – 674. Scheuer, P.J. 1993. Marine natural products – Diversity and biosynthesis. Current chemistry, Vol.

167. Fusetani, N. 2000. Drug from the sea. Karger Publ.Basel. Omum, S. 1992. The search for bioactive compounds from microorganisms.Kamely, D Chakra-

barty, A & Omum, G.S. 1990. Biotechnology and Biodegradation

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Paper Type: 25P

CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY PRACTICAL

(Subject Code=PCOY; Max. Marks (CIA=40 + UE=60) =100; Credits=6)(2011-2012 onwards)

Sampling techniques – seawater sampling, preservation and storage. Sample preparation prior to analysis, soluble components of seawater, filtration, solvent extraction, coprecipitation, adsorp-tion techniques, chemical pretreatment of organics. Principles of analysis, wet chemical methods, titrimetry, spectrometry, photometry and electrometry. The determination of pH, electrical con-ductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total organic matter, dissolved and particulate organic matter.

Determination of major anions - Salinity, total alkalinity, chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate. Deter-mination of major cations – calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Measurement of nutri-ents – nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate. Determination of trace elements, classical and ad-vanced analytical instrumentation, atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analysis of iron, man-ganese, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, zinc. Cold vapour techniques – meas-urement of arsenic, mercury and selenium. Quality control tools, precision, accuracy, error in analysis, statistical methods, interpretation of datas.

References: Crompton, T.R., 1997.. Analysis of seawater, Springer, UK, 510pp Manahan, S.E., 1998.. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry, CRC Press, New York, 1230pp. Beer, T.,, 1996.. Environmental Oceanography –CRC Press, New York, 367pp. APHA, 1995. Standard methods for analysis of water and wastewater, American Public Health As-

sociation, Springer, New York 1600pp.

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Paper type 26E

EXTRA DISCIPLINARY COURSE - 1 (Subject Code=ED1; Max Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3 (2011-2012 on-

wards)

M. Sc. Marine Science students will choose one course from any of the courses with a minimum of 2 credits of-fered by other departments of the University. Courses are commonly tutored on Thursdays’ afternoons.

For courses offered by Department of Marine Science for students of other programmes of study see at the end of this book of syllabi.

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Paper Type 31T

.

INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT (Subject Code=CZM; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) =100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 on-

wards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION Definitions – Integration - Coastal zones and importance - Sea and Oceans - Coastal resources management programme - Integrated Coastal Zone Management - need, scope, potentials and constraints for ICZM.

UNIT—II LAND SEA INTERACTIONS Multiple uses of the coastal zones and conflicts. Coastal settlements - human impacts on the coastal zones with special emphasis on artisanal fishing, coastal aquaculture and coastal tourism. Coastal vulnerability - mangroves, wetlands, sand dunes, sea-grasses, lagoons and enclosed seas, islands, coral reefs and other protected areas.

UNIT—III COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MONITORING Coastal and marine ecosystem monitoring –Estuaries, mangroves, lagoons, backwater, reef etc. Effect of port activities and coastal pollution on mangroves, corals and beaches. Role of national and international agencies for coastal and Ocean management.

UNIT—IV MANAGEMENT METHODS Major principles and premises ICZM. Ecological land use/water use planning. Overview of Envi-ronmental monitoring and EIA. Ecological Economics – Economic benefits of protected areas and economic valuation. GIS and remote sensing for ICZM. Coastal information management & communication - Basic Principles.

UNIT—V LAW OF THE SEA

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) I, II, III – Internal water, Territo-rial water, Archipelagic water, high sea, continental shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and its significance, limits of territorial water and International sea bed area. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).

References: Barnabe, G., 2000. Ecology and management of coastal waters. Praxis, 396pp. Bartlett, D. and J. Smith, 2005. GIS for coastal zone management, CRC Press, 310pp. Jean – Marina Massin, 1994. Remote sensing for the control of marine pollution. Academic Pub-

lishers, Plenus Press, 466pp. John R. Clark. 1995. Coastal zone management handbook. Lewis publishers, Washington, D.C.

694pp. Kay, R. and J. Aider, 2005., Coastal planning and management, 2/e. Taylor and Francis, 380pp. Qasim, S.Z. and G.S. Roonwal, 1998. India’s Exclusive Economic Zones. Omega Scientific Publish-

ers. New Delhi. Ray, G.C. and J. M. Ray, 2004. Coastal marine conservation science and policy. Blackwell Publish-

ing, 327pp. Sindermann, C.I., 2006. Coastal pollution. Taylor & Francis, 280pp.

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Paper Type 32T

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR MARINE SCIENCE

(Subject Code=RMM; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I RESEARCH DEFINITIONS Scientific Method – Bias and Prejudice in Scientific Research – Hypothesis, Theory and Scientific Law – Ethics in Research - Research Design – Preparation of Research Project – Report Writing – Citation styles.

UNIT—II THESIS AND ASSIGNMENT WRITING Structure of thesis - Copyright waiver - Declaration - Title page - Abstract - Acknowledgments - Table of contents - Introduction - Literature review - Materials and Methods - Theory - Results and discussion - Conclusions and suggestions for further work – Summary - References – Bibli-ography - Footnotes and Endnotes and Appendices

UNIT—III DOMAIN OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Types of data – Scales of measurement - Sample and population – sampling – Sampling errors - Tabulation of data – Graphical representation of data – Descriptive statistics – Parametric and Non-parametric tests – Over view of statistical software: MS Excel’s Data analysis, R and SPSS.

UNIT—IV STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE Data distributions: normal, binomial and poisson – Concepts of probability - Statistical Signifi-cance – Estimation – Hypothesis Testing – Level of Significance – Level of Confidence – p-value – one sample z and ‘t’ test, - two samples ‘t’ test – One way ANOVA - ‘F’ test - Measures of Asso-ciation: 2x2 contingency tables - ‘χ2’ test.

UNIT—V MARINE SCIENCE DATA ANALYSIS

Simple linear correlations: Karl Pearson’s r and Spearman’s Rank Correlations – Coefficient of determination - Simple Linear Regression – Multiple correlation – Coefficient of multiple deter-mination - Multiple regression - Cluster Analysis.

References: Anderson, Thesis and assignment writing. Bagavathy and Pillai, Statistics. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. Bujel, R.C., 2009. Statistics for aqauaculture. Wiley Blackwell, 214pp. Davis, J.C., 1973. Statistics and Data analysis in Geology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 550pp. Mishra R.P., 1989. Research Methodology. Concept Publishing Co, New Delhi. Phillips, E.M and Pugh, D.S., 1994. 'How to get a PhD: a handbook for students and their supervi-

sors'. Open University Press, Buckingham, England. Rastogi, V.B., 2009. Fundamentals of biostatistics. Ane Books, 438pp. Sar., 2007. Biostatistical analysis. Pearson education, 929pp. Tufte, E.R., 1983. 'The visual display of quantitative information'. Graphics Press, Cheshire, Conn.

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Paper Type 33D

MARINE GEOPHYSICS

(Subject Code=MGP; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4)(2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I SEA BED CHARACTERISTICS

Types of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks – Oceanic Crust - Rheological Properties – Electrical Properties – Elastic Properties – Magnetic Properties - Radioactivity - Heat flow—Locating Offshore Observations—Deep-Sea Geophysics .

UNIT—II SEA BED EXPLORATION—ELECTRICAL, GRAVITY AND RADIO-ACTIVITY

Principles of electrical survey at sea—Instruments—Data acquisition and interpretation: Princi-ples of gravity survey at sea—Instruments—Data acquisition, Reduction, Gravity anomalies and interpretation– Principles of radiometric survey at sea—Instruments—Data acquisition, Reduc-tion, radiometric anomalies.

UNIT—III GEOMAGNETIC SURVEY AT SEA Geomagnetism - Paleomagnetism - Rock magnetism - Natural remanent magnetization - The past and present geomagnetic field - Polar wandering curve - Sea floor spreading and transform faults - Marine magnetic anomalies - Geomagnetic reversals - The Vine–Matthews hypothesis - Magnetostratigraphy - Dating of the ocean floor.

UNIT—IV SEISMIC SURVEY AT SEA

Seismic waves and their propagation – Seismic noise and its causes - Marine seismic data acqui-sition – Energy sources - Seismic reflection and refraction surveys – single and multichannel re-flection profiling, common depth point technique, sonobuoy surveys; 3D seismics and Seismic tomography - Seismic data processing and interpretation – time-depth sections.

UNIT—V APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS Seabed Imaging by Sonar and Lidar—Application of geophysical methods for placer deposits; oil and natural gas and other minerals of the continental margin. Survey and exploration of differ-ent types of sediments and minerals of the deep ocean floor. Geophysical Observations in Off-shore Boreholes.

References Jones, E. J. W., 1999. Marine Geophysics. John Wiley, 474 p. Kearey, P., M. Brooks, I. Hill, 2002. An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, 3e. John Wiley,

474 p. Stein, S. and M. Wysession, 2000. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Struc-

ture Kearey, P., K. A. Klepeis and F.J. Vine, 2009. Global Tectonics, 3e. John Wiley.

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Paper Type 34D

FISHERIES TECHNOLOGY

(Subject Code=FTY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits = 4) (2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION TO MARINE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE Present status of world capture and culture fisheries, present status of Indian capture and aqua-culture production, commercially important cultivable finfish, shellfish and aquatic plants, crite-ria for selection of candidate species.

UNIT—II FISH HATCHERY AND FARM PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT Criteria for site selection for hatchery-topography, water supply, types of hatchery, seed produc-tion technology for finfish and shrimp-maturation, induced breeding and spawning, larval rear-ing, water quality, feeding, production economics, site selection for grow out culture-topography, soil type, water supply, types of culture, farm construction, pond preparation, operation and maintenance of farm- seed transportation, stocking, culture, feeding schedule, water quality management, harvest and production economics, integrated farming, secondary aquaculture, mud crab fattening.

UNIT—III AQUA FEED TECHNOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE BIOTECHNOL-OGY

Types of feed, feed formulation, microparticulate diets, nutritional quality of compounded feeds, culture of live feeds-micro algae, rotifer, Artemia, cladoceran and copepods, nutritional composi-tion of live feeds, bioenrichment, cryopreservation of fish gametes, sex reversal, transgenic fish.

UNIT—IV AQUARIUM TRADE AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT Aquarium fish trade-status, major exporting and importing countries, captive breeding and rear-ing of marine ornamental fishes, diseases in aquaculture, techniques in health management

UNIT—V POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FISHERY BY PRODUCTS Fish handling on board and transportation, fish spoilage, methods of prevention of spoilage, freezing-different types of freezers, canning technology, drying methods, salt curing, smoking, accelerated freeze drying and ionizing irradiation, quality control and factory sanitation, Fish body and liver oil- methods of production, fishery by products-fish meal, fish ensilage FPC, etc.,

References: Chakraborty, C. and Arup Kumar Sadhu., 2001. Biology, hatchery and culture technology of tiger

prawn and giant freshwater prawn. Daya Pub., New Delhi, 99 pp. Govindan, T.K., 1992. Fish processing Technology, Oxford & IBH Pub., New Delhi., 252 pp. Pillai, T.V.R., 2005. Aquaculture principals and practices, Culinary and Hospitality Industry Pub.,

624 pp.

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Paper Type: 35P


AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PRACTICAL (Subject Code=PBOY; Max. Marks (CIA=40 + UE=60) = 100; Credits=6)(2011-2012

onwards)


1. Phytoplankton- identification of common forms

2. Identification of common zooplankton

3. Estimation of primary production (Light and Dark bottle technique)

4. Estimation of Chlorophyll ‘a’ concentration

5. Determination of zooplankton biomass

6. Seaweeds-identification of commercially valuable groups

7. Mangroves-identification of common species

8. Fin fishes-identification of common food species

9. Identification of cultivable shrimps and prawns

10. Crabs-identification of common edible groups

11. Identification of common forms of gastropods and bivalves

12. Visit to Marine and Fisheries Institutes

13. Field visit to Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve

14. Industrial visit to fish hatchery and grow-out farm

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Manual calculation of descriptive statistics (Mean, median, mode, standard devia-

tion, skewness and kurtosis)

2. Probability calculations

3. Hypothesis Testing – Level of Significance – Level of Confidence – p-value

4. One sample z and ‘t’ test and Two samples ‘t’ test

5. One way ANOVA - ‘F’ test

6. Measures of Association: 2x2 contingency tables - ‘χ2’ test.

7. Computer solutions of above test using MS-Excel software.

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Paper Type: 36E

EXTRA DISCIPLINARY COURSE - 2

(Subject Code=ED2; Max Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3)(2011-2012 on-wards)

M. Sc. Marine Science students will choose one course from any of the courses with a minimum of 2 credits of-fered by other departments of the University. Courses are commonly tutored on Thursdays’ afternoons.

For courses offered by Department of Marine Science for students of other programmes of study see at the end of this book of syllabi.

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Paper Type: 41W

LAST SEMESTER PROJECT

(Subject Code=LSP; Max. Marks = 100; Credits=14) (2011-2012 onwards)

Head of the Department of Marine Science will assign one or more of M. Sc. Marine Science stu-dents to each member of the Marine Science faculty, for the purpose of supervision of their last semester project work in the beginning of the second year itself. Project students shall be let off on duty only after the third semester examinations. However, if a candidate prefers to do his/ her project work outside the Department or with any other member of the Marine Science faculty is at liberty to do so upon the concurrence of the guide to whom he/ she is assigned previously. In case, if the student does his project work outside the Department or with any other member of the Department faculty the first guide will be his/ her previous guide and the same may be stated and the certificate from him shall be attached to his/ her dissertation. Four copies of Dissertations shall be submitted in complete form. Having examiners affixed their signatures on dissertation, two copies will be returned to the examinee. All examinees shall appear for viva voce with dissertations on the examination day. No request for change of date will be entertained. Viva voce examination of each examinee, in the presence of respective supervising guide, will be done by two examiners (One external and one internal (Ex-officio Head of the Department) for 30 marks each. Supervising guide will evaluate the candidate’s performance during the semester for 40 marks.

Mode of Examination and Examiner Marks

Viva Voce in the dissertation work by External Examiner 30

Viva Voce in the dissertation work by Internal Examiner 30

Continuous Evaluation by Guide

[ Item 10

Item 20

Item 10] 40

Total 100

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DISCIPLINARY AND EXTRA DISCIPLINARY COURSES AND PHD COURSES OFFERED BY DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCI-

ENCE

NOTES

Students preferring any of the above courses as choice for disciplinary, extra disciplinary and Ph.D. course work purposes must ensure whether the course is available during the semester. . Also they are to note that electing a course requires prior registration; and to take note of credits tagged with each course.

S. No. Subject Code Title of the Course Cred-

its

Taught during

1 NGS Nanogeoscience 3 ODD

2 SAF Stock Assessment for Fisheries 3 ODD

3 GRM General Research Methodology 3 ODD

4 ME Marine Environemtn 3 Even

5 MPmY Marine Pharmacology 3 Even

6 COS Career Oriented Soft Skills 3 Even

7 SOY Satellite Oceanography 4

8 NST Nautical Science and Technology 4

9 MOY Meteorological Oceanography 4

10 CDM Coastal Disaster Management 4

11 SST SCUBA Science and Technology 4

12 MR Marine Recreation 4

13 MPY Marine Planktonology 4

14 ANP Advanced Study in Marine Natural Prod-

ucts

4

15 BGC Biogeochemistry 4

16 CAQ Coastal Aquaculture 4

17 MT Molecular Taxonomy 4

18 CMG Coastal Marine Geology 4

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NANOGEOSCIENCE (Subject Code=NGS; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3) (2011-2012

onwards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION TO NANOGEOSCIENCE:

Defnition – Nanoscience – Nanotechnology – Nanogeoscience – Mineral nanoparticles – nanominerals – nanoclusters – nanoscale – nanopores – nanoscale mineral habits (nanosheets, nanorods, nanopartaicles) – nanoproducts – nanorobots Size factor in nanogeoscientific study – Study of critical zone of the earth (interface of land – ocean – atmosphere)

UNIT—II NANOGEOSCIENCE – AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE Nanogeoscience as an interdisciplinary science – Branches of Nanogesocience: Nanomineralogy, Sorption processes, Molecular colloids, Aerosols and droplets, Airborne solids, Water quality, Toxic transport, Global cycling, Iron fertilization, Carbon sequestration, Biominerals, Humics chemistry.

UNIT—III NANOTECHNOLOGY: Brief principles and descriptions of: Calorimetry, UV visible Infra-Red, Raman and NMR spec-troscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Atomic Force Microscopy, Electron Microprobe and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy - Definition and applications of nano-satellites and micro-satellites – Top-down and Bottom-up approaches.

UNIT—IV NANOMINERALOGY AND NANOSYSTEMS NANOMINERALOGY: Nanocrystals - transformation of nanoparticle structure - nanoparticle growth – surface impurities – Biomineralization: microbial biomineralization - Nanostandard materials NANOSYSTEMS: Mineral-water-bacteria - Biomimetic Soils and sediments – atmospheric par-ticulates – Carbon cycle - Organic-Inorganic Nanoparticle Interactions in Sedimentary Systems – Magnetic nanomaterials - Biogenic magnetite – zeolites, clays, Fe-Ti oxides, and phosphate min-erals

UNIT—V SIGNIFICANCE, RELEVANCE, IMPORTANCE AND RISK Significance of nanoscience to geosciences – Geomicrobiologic significance – geologic signifi-cance – geochemical significance – Space weathering – Geomagnetic significance - Relevance of nanogeoscience to environmental safety – environmentally friendly manufacturing – Mining – Geomimetic materials – Ecosystem stability – Agriculture and food – Health risks - Recent re-searches in Nanogeoscience.

References: American Chemical Society, 2008. Elements, v.4. special volume on Nanogeoscience. Banfield and Navarotsky, Nanoparticles and the Environment, Reviews in mineralogy and geo-

chemistry, v.44. 350p. Hochella, Jr., M.F., 2008. Nanogeoscience: from origins to cutting-edge applications. Elements,

v.4, pp.373-378. National Science Foundation, 2002. Report of the Nanoscience Workshop, Berkeley CA. pp.1-35. Sharma, P.K., 2008. Origin and development of Nanotechnology. Vista international publishsing

house, 269pp.

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STOCK ASSESSMENT OF FISHERIES

(Subject Code=SAF; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) =100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 on-wards)

UNIT I STOCK ASSESSMENT - THE CONCEPT

Defnitions: Fish Population, Fish Stock, Cohort and Assessment Model – Fishery Data Types: Fishery-dependent Data: Landing Records, Portside Sampling and Onboard Observation, Log Books and Vessel Trip Reports, Telephone Surveys – Fishery-independent Data: Research Sur-vey Data - Importance of Fisheries - Fisheries Resources Management - Fisheries Resources Re-search.

UNIT II BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS Biological Reference Points: Abundance index (U) - Biomass (B) - Spawning Stock biomass (SSB) - Capturability Coefficient (q) - - Catch in number (C) - Catch in weight or Yield (Y) - Fishing Mor-tality Rate, Maximum Sustainable Yield,), Optimum Yield – Targets and Thresholds – Overfish-ing and Overfished – Recruits – Decreasing Marginal Rates of Return – Uncertainty in Estimates –– Gear Selectivity

UNIT III COHORT AND STOCK Cohort: Definition - Evolution of the Number of a Cohort, in an Interval of Time - Catch, in Num-ber, Over an Interval of Time - Individual Growth - Biomass and Yield, During the Interval Ti - Cohort During the Exploitable Life. Stock: Stock Over a One Year Period - Fishing Pattern Over a One Year Period - Short-Term Pro-jections of the Stock - Long-Term Projections of the Stock - Stock-Recruitment (S-R) Relation - Relation Between R and (R-S Relation).

UNIT IV POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELS Calculation of next year’s population – fecundity – net fecundity – Growth Rate and its depend-ency on density - Carrying capacity (k) - Instantaneous mortality rates – Age Structure -– Partial recruitment – Classic Growth Model (LVB Model) – Stock-Recruitment Functions – Maturity Ogive - Beverton and Holt Model – Compensation and Depensation – Allee Effect - Ricker Model - Weight and Biomass.

UNIT V MODELING FISHERY DATA Proportionality Constant – Relative Change – Catch-per-Unit Effort – Estimation of Actual Stock Size – Index-only Models – Fitting Models to Data: Goodness of fit – Approaches: Frequentist and Bayesian – Biomass Dynamics Models –Age-Structured Models - Forward and Backward Projectsion – Virtual Population Analyses (VPA) –- Sensitivity Analysis – Bootstrapping – Markov Chain Analysis

References Burst, J.C. and L.G. Skrobe (2000). Fisheries Stock Assessment User’s Manual. Special Report No.69. Atlantic States

Marine Fisheries Commission. Cooper A. B. (2006) A Guide to Fisheries Stock Assessment From Data to Recommendations" University of New Hamp-

shire. Haddon, Malcom. (2001) Modeling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries. Chapman and Hall. Hilborn, R. and C.J. Walters, (1992). Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice, Dynamics, and Uncertainty. Chap-

man and Hall. Hilborn, R. and M. Mangel (1997). The Ecological Detective. Princeton University Press. Quinn, T.J. and R.B. Deriso (1999). Quantitative Fish Dynamics. Oxford University Press. Wallace, R.K. and K.M. Fletcher. Understanding Fisheries Management: A Manual for Understanding the Federal Fisher-

ies Management Process, Including Analysis of the 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act . 2nd Edition. Cadima E.L. (2003). Fish Stock Assessment Manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Rome.

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MARINE ENVIRONMENT

(Subject Code=ME; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 on-wards)

UNIT—I OCEANS Definitions of Hydrospheric Components (Water Bodies) and Coastal Features – Hydrological Cycle – World Oceans – Territorial and Economic Zones – International Oceans – Oceanic Rec-reation – Oceanic Institutions of India – Indian Expeditions to Antarctica – Remote Sensing of Marine Environment by India.

UNIT—II GEOMARINE ENVIRONMENT Outline of Plate Tectonics – Seafloor Spreading – Geomagnetic Evidences – Origin of Ocean Ba-sins, Sea Water and Salinity – Physiography of Seafloor – Geomorphology of Coastal Zones – Natural Coastal Disasters and Hazards – Marine sediments – Mineral Wealth of Oceans.

UNIT—III BIOMARINE ENVIRONMENT Marine Ecosystems (Salt marsh, Intertidal ecology, Estuary, Lagoon, Coral Reefs, Kelp Forests, Tidepools, Muddy, Sandy and Rocky Bottoms, and Open Ocean (Pelagic) Zone) – Aquatic Layers (Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic and Abyssalpelagic and Hadalpelagic) – Marine Biodiver-sity – Marine Food Web – Marine Parks.

UNIT—IV PHYSICOCHEMICAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT Physical Properties of Sea Water (Color and Glow, Conductivity, Temperature and Density; Light, Pressure, and Depth; Eckman Spiral) – Chemical Properties of Sea Water – Stratification (Pycnocline, Isopycnal, Thermocline, Halocline, Thermohaline and Chemocline) – Salinity – Waves and Tides – Ocean Currents and Circulation – El Nino/ Southern Oscillation – Climate Variability – Tropical Cyclones – Effects of Global Warming on Oceans.

UNIT—V MAN AND HIS MARINE ENVIRONMENT Man’s Dependency on Marine Resources – Ocean Mining – Effects of Anthropogenic Exploita-tion of Marine Resources on Marine Environment – Marine Pollution – Causes – Types – Sources – Migration of Major Pollutants – Hazards to Oceanic Life and Human Beings – Marine Debris – National and International Strategies for Pollution Abatement.

References: Sverdrup, K. A. and E. Virginia, Armbrust, 2008. An Introduction to the World’s Oceans. McGraw

Hill.

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NAUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Subject Code=NST; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT—I PRINCIPLES OF NAVIGATION Earth’s size and shape—poles –equator, great circles, small circles, parallels of latitude, D’lat me-ridians prime meridian longitude, D’long position by latitude and longitude—distance units nau-tical geographical and statute mile—knot—mariner’s compass—Mercator projections—gnomonic projections and chart—visible, sensible and rational horizons—dead reckoning position (DR) ze-nith, nadir, sextant altitude, Earth—moon system tide and phases of moon—nautical almanac—gyroscope—GPS—DGPS

UNIT—II SHIP OPERATION TECHNOLOGY Parts of ship—names and timings of watches—types of merchant navy vessel—safety gear—cargo handling machinery for derrick and rigs, cranes heavy lift crane/ derrick—winches container handling systems—antiles—transportation of goods by sea—categories of cargo

UNIT—III NAVAL ARCHITECTURE Ship construction—types of ships—ship terminology—principal parts of a ship—machinery spaces—general lay out of ships—principles of design—ship stability

UNIT—IV SAFETY AT SEA Description, safety, care and maintenance of life saving appliances viz: life boat, life raft and life buoy—description and use of line throwing appliances—Description, safety, care and mainte-nance of fire fighting appliances viz: fire hydrants, safety devices and smothering systems. SO-LAS

UNIT—V SHIP MANOEURING Definition, description, symbols and abbreviations of nautical charts—Shipping services: liner and tramp—freight brokers, clearing and forwarding agents—stevedores—ship brokers, bunker and stores suppliers shipping agencies—Indian major and minor ports. India's shipping policy

References Branch, A., Elements of shipping Taylor, T.A., Merchant ship construction Sharma, Capt. P.M. Principles of navigation Kemp and Young, Ship construction notes Reeds, Ship construction for marine students.

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MARINE PHARMACOLOGY (Subject Code=MPY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3) (2011-2012

onwards)

UNIT—I INTRODUCTION TO MARINE PHARMACOLOGY Basic principles, Pharmacodynamic; receptors and ion channels, Chemical forces, types of activi-ties: pharmacokinetic; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME the-ory).

UNIT II – ISOLATION TECHNIQUES Chromatographes- Types of chromatography; paper chromatography, thin layer chromatogra-phy, ion exchange chromatography, molecular exclusion chromatography, column chromatogra-phy, gas chromatography and HPLC. Mass spectrometry, GC-MS, LC-MS and MALD-MS.

UNIT III - PHARMACOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES Pharmacological screenings, Ethical committee, bioassay, LD50 and ED50 , experiments on iso-lated organs and tissues; Heart, skeletal muscle and smooth muscles. Pharmacological evaluation of drugs. Routes of administration, clinical trials.

UNIT IV – DRUG DISCOVERY Pipe line of drug discovery, drug designing, theory and types of drug designing; rational drug de-signing, ligand based drug designing, computer aided drug designing, combinatorial chemistry, Pharmacophore, QSAR. Molecular mechanism of drugs.

UNIT V – DRUGS FROM SEA Marine natural products, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor compounds from marine sources. Toxins – types, chemistry and pharmacology, and importance

Reference: Katzung, B.G., 2004. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 9th edition, 350pp. Appasamy, D.H. and Zaborsky, O.R., (eds) 1993. Marine Biotechnology: Pharmaceutical and bio-

active native products Plenum press, New York.

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SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY Subject Code=SOY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 on-

wards)

UNIT—I OCEAN SURVEY BASICS

Survey vessels, buoys and instruments; sampling and collection; aerial surveys and terrestrial supports for ocean survey; POES, GOES and Oblique orbital satellites and advantages;objectivity in surveying:sea-surface characteristics, sea surface temperature (SST), Salinity and topography - atmospheric aspects, physical-chemical characteristics, bathymetry and biological aspects for surveying.

UNIT—II OCEAN SURVEY MISSIONS Tiros, Nimbus and NOAA satellites; Topex/ Poseidon and Jason missions; Seasat, Geosat,ERS, DMSP, Cosmos and Meteor missions; Mos, JRS and Oceansat missions - TERRA and Acqua mis-sions - optical, LIDAR, RADAR and SONAR systems of surveying

UNIT—III OPTICS IN REMOTE SENSING Optical sensing - sensors and images, visible optics, infrared optics, coastal zone colour scanning - spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions and limitations - microwave sensing and applica-tions.

UNIT—IV SENSORS RADIO sensors - Radar components - classification - scatter properties and capture - sAR, SIR and Doppler models - planimetry, terrain, radiometry and radiogrammetry - point density and waveform captures.

UNIT—V MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS Altimeters - Scatterometers - Interferometry - Bathymetry and Polarimetry - estimation of chlorophil and other organic components - measuring chemical properties - non-imaging sensors and measurements- ocean data availability and repositories - software and open source re-sources.

References Martin, S. An Introduction to Remote Sensing. Cambridge University Press. Robison, I.S., 1995. Satellite Oceanography: An Introduction for Oceanographers & Remote-

sensing Scientists. 455pp. Robison, I.S., 2004. Measuring the Oceans from Space: The principles and methods of satellite

oceanography. 669 pp. Robison, I.S., Understanding Oceans from Space – The unique applications of Satellite Oceanog-

raphy. Springer.

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METEOROLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Subject Code=MOY; Max. Marks (CIA=25 + UE=75) = 100; Credits=4) (2011-2012 onwards)

UNIT I MARINE METEOROLOGY

Role of World Meteorology Office in marine meteorology - ship based meteorology - WMO Voluntary Observing Ships’ Scheme - Meteorological Instrumentation on board ships - Port Meteorological Office (PMO)

UNIT II WEATHER REPORTS The Ship Weather Code - Broadcast of weather bulletins for Merchant shipping - Broadcast of weather bulletins for Indian navy –

UNIT III WEATHER WARNINGS Warnings to Ports and Storm Warning Signals - Broadcast of weather warnings for fishermen through All India Radio –

UNIT IV EMERGENCY SYSTEMS Marine Pollution Emergency Response Support System (M.P.E.R.S.S.) - Global Maritime Dis-tress Safety System (GMDSS) -

UNIT V SPACE-BORNE WEATHER MONITORING Inmarsat Satellites - National Data Buoy Programme – Principles and functions of marine weather data processing software TURBOWIN -

References Joshi, S.P., 2009. Lecture notes on marine meteorology (internet source).

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COASTAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT

(Subject Code: CDM; MAX MARKS= (CIA =25+UE=75) 100; CREDITS=4)

UNIT I COASTAL NATURAL DISASTERS:

Hazards and Disasters - Description and distinction – Atmospheric (Flood, Drought and Cyclone and dust storms) Geologic (Landslide, Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanoes) Hydrologic (coastal, riverine flooding and saltwater intrusion), meteor impact – Sea level rise and its effects

UNIT II TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS: Manufacturing (with hazardous substances & processes) Storage (of hazardous substances) Transport (of large numbers of people and/or hazardous substances) Waste & Contamination (due to hazardous substances) – oil spills

UNIT III CHARACTERISTICS OF DISASTERS/ HAZARDS Suddenness – uncertainty – potential risk- dynamism – rarity – disruption of communication, power supply and transportation – People’s unusual behaviour – theft and robbery – derailed law and order

UNIT IV DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Creation of awareness on disasters - Preparedness in the event of disasters – developing shelter facilities – stocking food and other essential items – mobile health facilities – self regulation dur-ing emergency – vulnerability and risk analysis – bioshields and/ or artificial structures for pro-tection, control and redirection –

UNIT V MANAGERIAL COMPONENTS: Rehabilitation and reconstruction - strengthening livelihoods, improving nutrition & health – ensuring safe house and site, proper protection - good governance - preparedness assessment and planning - electrical malfunction - internal flood - bomb threat - civil disturbance - six prin-ciples of resilience: homeostasis, omnivory, high flux, buffering, flatness, redundancy

References National Disaster Management Authority, India website

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SCUBA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Course Code: SST; MAX MARKS= (CIA =25+UE=75) 100; CREDITS=4)

UNIT I DIVING SCIENCE

Definition – SCUBA diving and snorkeling - purposes – history – basic principles of scuba diving - physical, medical and water skill requirements to learn diving, dive-site choice factors (experience level, site accessibility, conditions, interests) human body under water - dive plan-ning - Diving risks (weightlessness, Sun burn and seasickness scrapes and stings)

UNIT II DIVING TECHNOLOGY Diving gear: Protective material and covers for Head body and feet - scuba mask, scuba fins, snorkel , dive regulator, scuba BC, dive computer, scuba tank, scuba wetsuit, weight system and weights - goggles - oxygen cylinders - breather - ropes and hooks - camera and video equipments - manned underwater vessels – tropical scuba gear - temperate scuba equipment - cold water scuba diving equipment

UNIT III TYPES, LEVELS AND CAREERS OF SCUBA DIVING Exploratory - recreational – technical – commercial – military – depth of diving - Shallow and deep water scuba diving – confined and open water dives – Five dives – emergency skills – ca-reers as divers

UNIT IV DIVING FACILITATION local and international certification – ethics - law governing scuba diving - Professional Associa-tion of Dive Instructors (PADI) - Scuba Skills Training - role of PADI in scuba diving - Divers Alert Network (DAN) - Diving Society - Dive Insurance – Dive buddy

UNIT V DIVING ENVIRONMENTS Tanks – Lakes – Lagoons – Oceans – Swimming pools – water chemistry – pressure and tem-perature – waves – tides – currents – environmental conservation during diving – bio-threats - national and international dive pools

References PADI website

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MARINE RECREATION

(Subject Code=MR; Max. Marks=100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 onwards) (Requires prior registration)

UNIT I COASTAL WORLD

Types of beaches – importance of beaches – aesthetic value of beaches – Need for protecting beaches – world’s important beaches

UNIT II SCOPE OF MARINE RECREATION

Types of marine recreation – Beach games – Marine tourism – beach visitation, swimming, snor-keling, scuba diving, surfing, wind surfing, fishing, motorboating, sailing, personal watercraft use, rowing, canoeing, kayaking, hunting for waterfowl, beachcombing and nature viewing and photographing – boat races

UNIT II MARINE RECREATION MANAGEMENT Marine recreation regulations -–Recreational activities: permitted and not-permitted – Recrea-tional marine insurance – Conservation – Coastal zone management with special reference to marine recreation – territorial waters and exclusive economic zone – fishing holiday

UNIT IV SAFETY IN MARINE RECREATION

Caution and warnings – standardization of recreational appliances and transportation units – Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) – preparedness for coastal hazards - natural disasters – Role of coast guards in assuring safety at sea – Pollution due to marine recreation activities – marine debris due to marine recreation

UNIT V MARINE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES Recreational opportunities:– Recreational areas: Marine parks - theme parks - Personal Water Craft (PWC) - Jetski – fishing gear – surf board – water ski gear – snorkel and SCUBA – under-water cameras – canoes, boats and cruise liners

References

Websites of marine recreation item suppliers

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GENERAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(Subject Code=GRM; Max. Marks=(CIA=25+UE=75)100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 on-wards)

(Requires prior registration)

UNIT—I DATA SOURCES AND REPRESENTATION Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Data Sources – Scales and Units of Measurements – Precision, Accuracy, Range and Tolerance - Data types: Discrete and Continuous – Ungrouped and grouped scores - Tabulation – Variables - Stem and Leaf – Bar and Histograms – Pictograms – Pie charts – Bivarite plots: Line graph and X-Y plot; Box and Jenkins Whisker plot – Frequency polygons and Ogives – Special graph sheets (Probability, Log and Semi log)

UNIT—II DATA ANALYSIS Statistics: Definition – Sample and population –– Data transformation – Data Distributions –– Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency; Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurto-sis – Simple Correlation - Simple Linear Regression – Principles of probability - Use of MS Excel and SPSS in Data File Creation - GIS

UNIT—III ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH Hypothesis, Theory and Scientific Law – Research Design - Sampling methods for researches in Science and Social Science – Sample size - Data collection methods: Survey and Experimental – Sampling errors - Statistical Significance – Estimation – Hypothesis Testing – Level of Signifi-cance – Level of Confidence – p-value – Student’s ‘t’ test, ‘F’ test, ‘χ2’ test, ANOVA

UNIT—IV MODELING Physical models: Bench, Pilot and Industrial Scales – Word Models – Flow Chart Models - Deter-ministic models – Stochastic Models - Critical Path Method (CPM) – Project Evaluation and Re-source Technique (PERT) – Standards – Patents and Copyrights – Quality Assurance: Six sigma – SWOT analysis - Linear Programming – Delphi techniques

UNIT—V ELEMENTS OF THESIS Reviewed Journals - Impact Factor – Citation index – Plagiarism – Paragraph numbering - Lit-erature survey – Structure of thesis - Copyright waiver - Synopsis - Declaration - Title page - Ab-stract - Acknowledgments - Introduction – material and method – Results and Discussion – Summary – Table of contents – List of Figures – List of Tables – Foot Notes – End Notes – Ref-erences – Bibliography – Webliography - Annotations – Annexure – Index – Appendices.

References: Anderson, Thesis and assignment writing. Katz, M.J., 2009. From research to manuscript. A Guide to Scientific Writing. Springer, USA

Booth, V., 2002. Communicating in Science: Writing a Scientific Paper and Speaking at Scientific Meetings, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Mathews, J.R. and Robert, W. Mathews, 2008. Successful Scientific Writing. A Strep-by step Guide for Biological and Medical Sciences, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cam-bridge.

Mishra R.P., 1989. Research Methodology. Concept Publishing Co, New Delhi. Phillips, E.M and Pugh, D.S., 1994. 'How to get a PhD: a handbook for students and their supervi-

sors'. Open University Press, Buckingham, England. Tufte, E.R., 1983. 'The visual display of quantitative information'. Graphics Press, Cheshire, Conn.

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CAREER ORIENTED SOFT SKILLS

Subject Code=COS; Max. Marks=(CIA=25+UE=75)100; Credits=3) (2011-2012 on-wards)

(Requires prior registration)

UNIT—I SOFT SKILLS Definition and Domain – Social Graces –Language Facility – Listening – Negotiating – Conflict Resolution – Problem Solving – Decision making - Reflection – Critical Thinking – Social Justice – Team Working – Motivation – Investment Analysis

UNIT—II COMMUNICATION Views of Communication – Communication as a Process - Linguistic Rules – Verbal – Non-Verbal – Channels – Interpersonal – Group Communication – Public Speaking – Tendering – Advertising – Print Resources – Social Media

UNIT—III EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE Concepts of Emotional Intelligence and the Application of Emotional Intelligence - Emotional Intelligent Quotient - Time Management – Stress Management – Self Awareness – Self Regula-tion – Empathy - Aesthetic, Ethical, Moral, Social, and Cultural Dimensions of Human Experi-ences -

UNIT—IV PERSONAL TRAITS Perceptions of Self – Personal Habits – Friendliness – Optimism – Leadership – Caring – Re-sponsibility – Fairness – Adaptability to Team Concept – Motivation – Confidence – Health and Fitness -- Situating Skills

UNIT—V CAREER ASPECTS Employability – Opportunity Analysis – Social Media – Resume Writing – Interview Code – Ca-pacity Building - Personal SWOT – Personal PEST – Form Filling – Defining Career Objectives – Personal Development Planning.

Reference: Adams, Kathleen. Journal to the Self: Twenty-Two Paths to Personal Growth. Warner Books,

1990. Biswas, D. 2009. Enhancing Soft Skills. Shoraff Publishers and Distributors. Brandon, Nathaniel. How to Raise Your Self Esteem, Bantam, 1988. Clark, R. Developing Technical Training. 3/e. Pfeiffer/ John Wiley. Covey, Stephen R. 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Simon and Schuster, 1989. Doyle, T., 2004. Communication: Unbounded. Pearson Education, 286pp. Ferrari, M. D. & Robert J. Sternberg (Eds). Self-Awareness. Guilford Press. 1998. Garfield, Charles. Peak Performers. Avon Books, 1986. Goleman, Daniel. Emotional Intelligence. Bantam Books, 1995. Hariharan, S., N. Sundararajan and S.P. Shanmugapriya, 2010. Soft Skills. MJP Publishers, Chen-

nai, 317pp. Jagadeesan, G. and Santhanakrishnan, R., 2007. Soft Skills Developement. ICFAI University

Press. New Delhi. Kennedy, D., 2004. Time management for Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneur Press. Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P and Caruso, 2000. Models of Emotional Intelligence. R.J. Shernberg (Ed.).

Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. McCarthy, P. and Caroline Hatcher, 2002. Presentation Skills: The Essential Guide for Students.

Sage Publications, CA. Prassad, H.M. (2006). How to Prepare for Group Discussion and

Interview. Tata McGraw-Hill Pub, New Delhi. Restak, Richard, M.D. The Mind. Bantam Books, 1988. Sher, Barbara & Annie Gottleib. Teamworks! Warner Books, 1989.

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Smith, Hyrum. The 10 Natural Laws of Successful Time and Life Management. Warner Books, 1994.

Verderber, R.F., and K.S. Verderber, 2005. Communication, 11/e. Thompson learning, 494pp. Webliography www.articlebase.com www.bettersoftskills.com www.beyondintractability.org www.businessballs.com www.businessknowhow.com www.businesssoftsskills.com www.businesswritingworks.com www.buzzle.com www.campuscrashcourse.com www.deca.org www.helpguide.org www.lifepositive.com www.negotiatingwomen.com www.negotiation.com www.onestop.com www.performanceappraisal.org www.placementpapers.net www.projectproposalwriting.com www.reportingskills.org www.softskills.com www.speechptopics-help.com www.stressabout.com www.stressfocus.com www.study-habits.com www.timemanagement-central.net www.timethoughts.com www.trcb.com www.work911.com www.worklifebalance.com www.writeitwell.com www.writing-skills.com

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MARINE PLANKTONOLOGY

(Subject Code= MPY; Max. Marks=60; CIA=40; Credits=4) (2011-2012 Onwards)

UNIT-I ECOLOGY OF PLANKTON Plankton-ecological and economic importance, classification, methods of collection, adaptation of plankton, methods of estimation of primary production, estimation of chlorophyll ‘a’, factors controlling primary production, Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB’s)-its causes and effects, methods of estimation of standing crop and biomass-volumetric methods, numerical methods.

UNIT-II BIOLOGY OF PLANKTON Feeding behaviour and survival rate of marine copepods, rotifers and Artemia. Reproductive be-havior - Rotifer, Artemia and marine copepods, Calanoid copepods- diaphause egg production and subitaneous egg production.

UNIT-III CULTURE OF PLANKTON Algal culture-isolation methods, preparation of algal culture medium, different culture medium, indoor and out door algal culture techniques, culture of rotifer, Artemia, marine copepods-isolation and culture, preservation of micro algae, rotifer and Artemia, cold storage and cryopre-servation of copepod eggs.

UNIT-IV PLANKTON AND FISHERIES Micro algae and Artemia as feed in marine fish larval rearing, suitability of rotifer and marine copepods as live feed for larval rearing of commercial finfish and shellfish.

UNIT-V PLANKTON AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Bioactive compounds from marine micro algae, Biofuel production from micro algae, Bioplastic production, characterization and application of nanoparticles from marine diatoms.

References: Carol M. Lalli and Timothy R. Parsons., 1997. Biological Oceanograpahy - An Introduction, El-

sevier pub., 314 pp. Peter Castro and Michael E. Huber., 2003. Marine Biology, Mc Graw Hill. Pub., 468 pp. James W. Nybakken., 2001. Marine Biology - An ecological approach, Benjamin Cummings., 516

pp. Cheng-Sheng Lee, Patricia J. O, Bryen and Nancy H. Marcus., 2005. Copepods in Aquaculture,

Blackwell Pub., 269 pp. Stottrup., J.G. and L.A. McEvoy., 2003. Live feeds in marine aquaculture, Blackwell Pub., 318 pp.

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ADVANCED STUDY IN MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS

(Subject Code= ANP; Max. Marks=60; CIA=40; Credits=4) (2011-2012 Onwards)

UNIT I Bioorganic compounds from marine living organisms- carbohydrates related drugs- protein, peptide amino acid derived drugs – unusual nucleotides, poly unstructed fatty acids nationally important fatty acids omega 3 fatty acids

UNIT II Enzymes in marine microbes- anti coincident enzymes status in marine vertebrates- medici-nal uses of marine living organisms

UNIT III Bioactivity in marine organisms- bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, sea grass-invertebrates biosynthe-sis of bioactive metabolites of marine organisms

UNIT IV Bioactive metabolites of marine blue green algae, sponges, mollusks, coelenterates, marine alkaloids, marine toxins.

UNIT V

Anti cancer drugs from marine resources- mammalian cell line culture, technique- (basic) CO2

incubator, UFLC, HPLC, 2Dgel electrophoresis, NMR, microscope, HPTLC, floury meter, spec-

trophotometer multi top ultra centrifuge- isolation, characterization, purification of marine drugs - clinical evaluation of marine drugs

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BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

(Subject Code=BGC; Max. Marks=60; CIA=40; Credits=4) (2011-2012 Onwards)

UNIT I INTRODUCTION: The nature of deep–sea sediments – biogenic sediments, terrigenous sediments, The distribution of deep–sea sediments, sediment accumulation rates, interactions between sediments and sea water.

UNIT II BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESS IN SEAWATER: Behavior of dissolved constituents – the steady – state ocean, the biological particle cycle – par-ticulate organic matter – nutrient cycle – scavenging cycle, A classification of the elements in seawater, Vertical movement of dissolved constituents, The air–sea interface – Transfer of gases, transfer of liquids and solids, oxygen in seawater.

UNIT III THE ACCUMULATION OF DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS: Biogenic sediments – The preservation of deep–sea siliceous remains, the preservation of deep–sea carbonates. Terrigenous sediments – turbidity currents and other gravity flows.

UNIT IV DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS AND PALAEOCEANOGRAPHY: Evolution of the ocean basins, Use of proxies in palaeoceanography, Reconstructing past oceans; Insights as to the causes of climate change – sea – surface temperature, ocean circulation, The carbonate system.

UNIT V BIOGEOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY IN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS: Authigenesis in deep-sea sediments – Authigenic clay minerals, manganese nodules, diagenesis – the diagenetic sequence, gas hydrates.

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COASTAL AQUACULTURE

(Subject Code=CAQ; Max. Marks=60; CIA=40; Credits=4) (2011-2012 Onwards)

UNIT-I Overview importance of aquaculture, global scenario, present status in India - prospects and scope.

UNIT II Aqua-farming systems traditional, extensive, semi-intensive and intensive; selection of site: to-pography, water availability and supply, soil conditions, design and layout, structure and con-struction.

UNIT III Cultivable Species- Seaweeds- (Gracilaria, Gelidiella, Kappaphycus) Finfishes (Asian sea bass, groupers, pearl spot, mullets, milkfish and ornamental fishes). Shellfishes (shrimps, crabs, lob-sters, mussels, edible oysters, pearl oysters, clams).

UNIT- IV Culture techniques - monoculture, polyculture - pond, raceway, cages, pens, raft and rope cul-ture. Hatchery seed production techniques- breeding, hatchery and nursery phases.

UNIT-V Management Practices - farm conditioning- feed and feeding methods- culture of live feed organ-isms diatoms- brine shrimp, rotifers, - bioenvironmental monitoring, harvesting- control of predators, parasites and diseases - Best management practices in shrimp farming.

Text Books 1. Pillay, T.V.R .1990. Aquaculture Principles & Practices. Fishing News (Books) Limited, London. 2. Santhanam R., N. Ramanathan and G. Jegatheesan 1990. Coastal Aquaculture in India, CBS

publishers and Distributors. 3. Joachim W., Hertrampft and F.P Pascal, 2000 Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture feeds.

Kluwer Academic Publishers, London

Reference Books 1. Bardach, John.E. 1997 Sustainable Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons. 2. Chapman, V.J., 1980. Seaweeds and theirs uses Chapman and Hall London. 3. Wheaton, F.W. 1977. Aquaculture Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 4. Stickney, 1995. Principles of Aquaculture, John Wiley & Sons.

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MOLECULAR TAXONOMY

(Subject Code=MT; Max. Marks=60; CIA=40; Credits=4)(2011-2012 Onwards)

UNIT – I CONVENTIONAL TAXONOMY: Taxonomy and Mental classification, Linnaean taxonomy, Five kingdom classification, Order of classification, Major phyla and classes, Construction of taxonomic key, Phylogenetic nomencla-ture.

UNIT – II MOLECULAR TOOLS: Nuclear DNA markers - RAPD, Ministellites, microsatellites. DNA markers - mtDNA, ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers). Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). RNA markers -12srRNA and 16srRNA. Proteins markers – Allozyme, sarcoplasmic proteins, myofibrillar proteins, eye-lens proteins, isoelectric focusing of proteins. Bioinstrumentation - PCR, Electrophorosis, Agrose gel and DNA sequencer.

UNIT – III GENETIC DIVERSITY: Genetic diversity and its importance, Measure of genetic diversity – gene diversity, heterozygos-ity and alleles per locus. Causes of genetic diversity. Genetic variation – Base substitutions (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

UNIT – IV BARCODE OF LIFE: Utilities and limitations of DNA Barcoding, Collection and identification of specimens, Voucher specimens and voucher data, Extraction of DNA, amplification of DNA, Qualification, Quantifica-tion and purification of DNA, Sequencing of PCR products, Analysis of sequencing data and sub-mission of sequence data.

UNIT – V BARCODE DATA BASE: Consortium for barcode of life (CBOL), Barcode of Life Database (CBOL), Census of Marine Life (COML), Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), Barcode Blog, FISH BOL, NCBI - BLAST, Phylogenetic analysis.

REFERENCES

Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & de Ward, J. R. 2003. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc. R. Soc. B 270: 313–322.

Lakra, W. S., M. S. Verma, M. Goswami, K. K. Lal, V. Mohindra, P. Punia, A. Gopalakrishnan, K. V. Singh, R D Ward and P. Herbert. 2010. DNA barcoding Indian marine fishes. Molecu-lar Ecology Resources. 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02894.x

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COASTAL MARINE GEOLOGY

(Subject Code=CMG; Max. Marks=60; CIA=40; Credits=4)(2011-2012 Onwards)

UNIT – I COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY: Beaches – coasts – coastal processes – coastal landforms – coastal profile.

UNIT – II COASTAL SEDIMENTOLOGY: Sedimentation – transportation – erosion by waves and currents – anthropogenic influence or coastal zone – effects of coastal protective structures on coasts.

UNIT – III COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: Estuaries – Islands - Coral systems –– coastal pollution

UNIT – IV COASTAL TECTONICS: Eustasy – seiche – recent tectonic effects on eastern coast of India – effects of global warming on coasts – effects of storms and cyclones

UNIT – V COASTAL RESOURCES: Beach placers – mining of beach placers – mining regulation of placers – coastal zone regulation of Tamil Nadu – tidal and wave energy

REFERENCES

Erickson, 2002. Marine Geology, Fitzhenry and Whitesde, 243p. Fitzgerald, D.M., 2003. Beaches and coasts. Blackwell Publishing, 448p. French, P.W., 1998. Coastal defences: processes, problems and solutions. Routledge, UK, 208p. Harold, T., 2001. Introduction to Oceanography. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey. Haslett, S.K., 2000, Coastal systems, Routledge, 21p. Kennett, J.P., 1981. Marine Geology, Prentice Hall, 813p King, C.A.M., Beaches and coasts.

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M.SC. MARINE SCIENCE (COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT)

REGULATIONS

PREAMBLE: M.Sc. Marine Science (Coastal Zone Management) programme of study is offered by the Department of

Marine Science (DMS), Bharathidasan University (BDU), Tiruchirappalli, India. This programme, a study for two years, is sponsored by University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India, New Delhi under its innovative programme scheme. And this study is offered under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) which partially allows incumbent to choose his courses or papers of his study. In fact, CBCS is a cafeteria approach system recommended by UGC to provide students and teachers horizontal and vertical mobility and to design his / her own programme of study with courses of his / her choice. CBCS provides students to enjoy academic mobility and transfer of credits across institutions. Further, the CBCS Scheme allows potential students to add on credits beyond the required quantum of credits, i.e. 90, to acquire M.Sc Degree in Marine Science, which will elevate him / her among others in ranking for whatsoever purpose.

In order to enable students of one discipline to go for another discipline provision is made in the com-mon timetable. That is, every Thursday afternoon has been allotted to extra disciplinary courses. Similarly students of all affiliated colleges of BDU can also study courses offered during Saturdays by our department to gain extra credits.

ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION Graduate of any science discipline is eligible to join M.Sc. Marine Science (Coastal Zone Management)

programme of study offered by the DMS provided his / her Degree has been recognized by BDU. Admissions will be based on the guidelines issued by Government of Tamil Nadu with regard to age and roaster.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE POST GRADUATE DEGREE. A candidate shall be eligible for the award of the Masters Degree in Science in Marine Science only if

he / she has undergone the prescribed courses of study in the DMS of BDU for a minimum of 4 semesters (two years) and has passed all the prescribed examinations and project work earning a minimum of 90 credits.

PROGRAMME OF M.SC. MARINE SCIENCE Thirteen theory papers, three practical and one project and two extra disciplinary courses are the

courses to complete M.Sc. Marine Science. Theory papers include six electives or optionals (disciplinary) and two extra disciplinary courses also. The accompanying structure and Scheme detail the study.

SEMESTERISATION Odd semester spans for 90 days between July to November every year. Even semester is also for 90

days with January to April.

AWARD OF CREDIT, GRADE, AND GRADE POINT — WORKING PROCEDURE

Marks scored by a student in the subject ‘A’ in the

Examination as valued by the examiners at the

valuation centre of the College / University (say) = 65%

Subject average of the marks including internal

Assessment (IA) scored above 40% in that subject (say) [1] = 58%

The mid point value of the marks of the class (30-100)

determined based n the least standard deviation [2] = 60%

Hypothesis defined is that the mid point value of the class (40-100) is equal to the subject average of the

marks scored above 40% by the students

Now, the normalized marks of the subject A = The corresponding Grade Point = 7 Grade to be awarded is = C

24.676058

65

valuepoMidaboveaverageSubject

obtainedmarksActualint

%40

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POINTS FOR ADOPTION:-

[1] For PG Programmes the subject average should be worked out for the marks scored above 40%. [2] The Chairman, Result Passing Board will recommend a suitable mid point value for normalization based on

the result analysis, applying the concept of standard deviation, provided by the Controller of Examinations. [3] If the computed mark is greater than 100 fix it at 100 [4] No Normalization shall be applied to the marks awarded for project works, viva-voce examination, practical

papers, seminar/ term papers. [5] The letter grade for Re-Appear subjects will be U and grade point will be ‘0’ [6] The letter grade for absent will be AAA and the grade point will be ‘0’ [7] Transfer of credits.

If any student is undergoing any of the papers of the degree programme in a different institution, the following pro-cedure shall be followed for credit transfer: (i). The paper proposed to be undergone in a different institution against a paper in the curriculum should be selected

such that the paper to be studied in a different institution has the same credit as that of the concerned paper in the curriculum. The equivalence should be duly certified by the concerned Board of Studies.

(ii). If the institution in which the student wants to study the said paper is not following credit system, the same credit

of the equivalent paper in the curriculum should be taken after the equivalence is certified by the Board of Studies. (iii). If the credit awarded by the other institution is in a different grading scale (Say 7 point scale and not in the 10

point scale) then the credit points should be converted to a 10 point scale using the following formula. 10 Credit to be transferred = (Credit earned in the other institution) X ---- 7 (iv). If the other institution awards marks instead of Grades and Grade points, the marks awarded should be converted

into grade points as per the norms of the University (ref. page 3) without applying normalization. Passing Minimum:

A student is declared as PASS in a subject when he secures a minimum of 50% in the PG Programmes of the nor-

malized overall marks, inclusive of external and internal assessments and a minimum of 40% of normalized component of

the final examination marks.

40% of normalized component of theory final examination marks = 40% of normalized component of practical final examination marks = The minimum normalized component in terms of mark will be 30 marks in the case of theory and 24 marks in the case of

practical as derived above.

The normalized part of the final examination marks can be computed using the following formula:

Normalised part of the = normalized – CIA (actual mark awarded) final examination mark

Example:-

The actual mark earned in the final examination = 23 The actual marks earned in the CIA = 20 Total marked earned = 23+20 = 43 The class average between 40 and 100 = 54 Normalised mark = = 51.2 Normalised component of final examination mark = 51.2-20 = 31.2 He has obtained a overall percentage of normalized mark of 51.2 which is more than the minimum required mark

of 30% and the normalized component of the final examination mark works out to 31.2 which is more than 30 (the

minimum required) and hence he is declared PASS.

3075100

40

2460100

40

2.516554

43

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Classification:

CGPA 9 and above and should

have passed all papers in I Class with Distinction

the first appearance

CGPA 7 and above but less than 9 I Class

CGPA 5 and above but less than 7 II Class

FORMULA FOR GPA & CGPA

∑i Ci GPi ∑j (Cj GPAj) GPAj = ----------------- CGPA = ---------------- ∑i Ci ∑j Cj

Where Ci - Credit assigned to the i-th course

GPi - the grade points earned in the i-th Course corresponding to

the grade Obtained.

Cj - sum of the Credits of the j-th semester.

GPAj - the grade point Average earned in the j-th semester.

∑ - summation sign

Evaluation:

Evaluation is a two-tier operation. One is Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and the other is University Exami-

nations (UE). As the department is autonomous, UE evaluation is made through a board of examiners. CIA is 25% and 40%

of total 100 marks in theory and practical courses respectively. CIA includes best of at least of two tests for 15, plus 5 marks

for seminar and plus 5 marks for assignment. Evaluation is by single external examiner. Examinee can apply for revaluation

by paying prescribed fee for through prescribed application within fifteen days of the date of publication of result.

Odd semester examinations shall be during November / December months in the corresponding year.

Even semester examinations shall be during April / May months in the corresponding year.

Grade Marks Points Descrip-

tion

S 90-100 10 Out-

standing

A 80-89 9 Excellent

B 70-79 8 Very good

C 60-69 7 Good

D 50-59 6 Average

E 40-49 5 Satisfac-

tory

U 0-39 0 Re- Appear

AAA - 0 Absent

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In the fourth and final semester, the candidate shall undertake a project work under a supervisor from the depart-

ment faculty and if necessary with a co-supervisor or co-guide of an external research centre or laboratory approved by

BDU. Head of the department will assign each student a faculty of DMS as his/ her supervisor for undertaking the project

work even at the beginning of third semester itself. At the end of fourth semester, he / she shall submit a dissertation to the

board of examiners on a specified date for evaluation.

Evaluation of dissertation is three fold and the break up of dissertation evaluations as follows.

Evaluation mode Marks

Dissertation / Report Evaluation by Guide 40

Review of dissertation (20) + Viva Voce (10) External Examiner (EE) 30 = 100

Review of dissertation (20) + Viva Voce (10) Internal Examiner (IE)* 30

* HOD will serve as ex-officio Internal Examiner

For further clarification see Syllabus for Last Semester Project

Practicals CIA = 40 + UE = 60 Total = 100

Break up of CIA

Test practical 25

Observation 5 = 40

Record Note Book 10

*-*-*

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Name of the Faculty Specialization

Dr. A. Rajendran Coordinator and Founder Head Professor Emeritus

Research Supervisor

Biogeochemical cycle, Carbon dynamics, Heavy metal pollution and Coastal Zone Management.

Dr. V. Radhakrishnan Professor and Head

Research Supervisor

Physical Oceanography, Geological Oceanography, Marine Geology, Geomorphology, Coastal Zone Management, Sediment Dynamics, GIS, Computer and statistical applications.

Dr. R. Arthur James Assistant Professor

Research Supervisor

Land-Ocean interaction, Seawater desalination and Marine Geology

Dr. P. Santhanam Assistant Professor

Research Supervisor

Biological Oceanography, Marine Biodiversity and conservation, Aquaculture and Live feed.

Dr. R. Rajaram Assistant Professor

Research Supervisor

Fisheries Science and biodiversity, Marine Pollution, ecology and pollution monitoring.

Dr. N. Manoharan Assistant Professor

Research Supervisor

Marine pharmacology and biochemical studies on marine organisms.

Dr. V. Yoganandan Assistant Professor

Marine environmental science. Palaeoclimatology, Palaeooceanography,

Dr. G. Singaravadivelan Assistant Professor

Drugs from sea, Marine toxins and malacology.

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To accomplish our visionary zeal is by making our people understand the importance of oceans at large and our 8000 km long beaches through our society oriented academic and research programmes.

M I S -

V I -To make known and realise our citizens of land locked Tiruchirappalli district and its environs that our oceans are the final resort of mankind as they are the source of our food and energy and attenu-

bharathidasan university€¦ · m.sc. marine science (coastal zone management) ugc sponsored...

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