bhamathi microbiology news letter · bhamathi microbiology news letter volume 4, issue 2, august -...

Bhamathi Microbiology News Letter

Volume 4, Issue 2, August - December 2014 ISSN: 2231-136X

Proceeding of the National conference on Frontiers in Translational Microbiology – SANMICROFEST 2015

SCOPE OF THE NEWS LETTER

Bhamathi Microbiology News letter strives to provide a forum for scientific researchers to

share findings on all aspects of Microbiology and to disseminate innovative, relevant and useful

information throughout the scientific horizon.

Bhamathi Microbiology News letter comprising research and review articles pertaining to all

branches of Microbiology and its allied disciplines and in general, shall be incorporating the

following fields: Bacteriology, Phycology, Mycology, and Protozoology, Molecular Biology,

Microbial Genetics, Microbial Physiology, Microbial Biochemistry, Microbial Taxonomy, Food

Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Epidemiology, Public Health,

Diagnostic Microbiology, Microbial Ecology and Environmental Microbiology.

Research papers, reporting work on all microorganisms, including viruses are welcomed

provided they demonstrate new findings of relevance to the field as a whole. The News letter is bi-

yearly publication which provides a platform for research scholars, intellectuals and

microbiologists to express their views and research work for interaction to the entire world. All

articles will be peer-reviewed and will find a place in Bhamathi Microbiology News letter based

on the merit and innovativeness of the research work. We therefore invite you to send your research

papers, reviews and articles for the forthcoming issues.

REVIEW POLICY AND PROCEDURE

Manuscripts are reviewed by expert in the particular research area. Reviewers, Associate

Editors and the Editor evaluate manuscripts for innovations in, significant contributions to,

and noteworthy advances in the theoretical or conceptual bases of the scientific field.

Correspondence and notifications regarding manuscripts will be through e-mail.

All reviewer comments and author revisions are handled electronically.

Copy editing queries and page proofs (or e-galleys) is also provided via e-mail.

Final acceptance of a manuscript is contingent upon compliance with Bhamathi

Microbiology News letter requirements. Manuscripts other than Special Invited Papers are

generally published in the order of receipt of the final, accepted version or of the corrected

proof.

Dr. K.R.Venkatesan Dr. G. Suresh

Patron Editor

EDITORIAL BOARD

Patron : Dr. K.R. Venkatesan, Ph.D.,

Principal, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College

Enathur, Kanchipuram, India

Editor : Dr. G. Suresh,

Assistant Professor and Head

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College


Associate Editors

Mrs. K. Kavitha

Assistant Professor

Department of Microbiology

Sri Sankara Arts and Science College


Dr. Subramanian Gomathinayagam

Head, Department of Agriculture and

Forestry, University of Guyana, Berbice

Campus, Tain, Berbice,

Guyana, South America.

Dr.P.Saravanan

Assistant Professor




Dr. Thiyagarajan Raman

Associate Professor

Department of Bioengineering,

SASTRA University

Thanjavur, India.

Dr.S.Kumaran

Assistant Professor




Dr. V. Shanmugaiah

Assistant Professor

Department of Microbial Technology

School of Biological Science, Madurai

Kamaraj University, Madurai, India

Dr. B. Ramesh

Associate Professor and Head

Department of Biotechnology,

Sri Sankara Arts and Science College,

Enathur, Kanchipuram, India.

Dr. Mohan Pandi

Assistant Professor

Department of Molecular Microbiology

School of Biotechnology, Madurai

Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.

Dr. N. Rangarajan

Associate Professor and Head,

Department of Biochemistry,



Dr. Ramar Manikandan

Department of Animal Science

Alagappa University,

Karaikudi, India.

Dr. S. Sivakumar

Associate Professor

Department of Biochemistry



Dr. S. Rajesh Kumar, Senior Lecturer

Department of Agriculture and Forestry,

University of Guyana, Berbice Campus,

Tain, Berbice, Guyana

South America.

National conference on

“Frontiers in Translational Microbiology”

SANMICROFEST 2015

8th

January, 2015

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Patrons Dr.V.B.Kumarakrishnan, Chairman

Dr.V.B.Hrishikesan, Secretary

Convenor Dr.K.R.Venkatesan, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Principal

Organizing Secretary

Dr.G.Suresh, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor & Head

Co-Organizers Mrs.K.Kavitha, M.Sc., M.Phil., Mr.E.Praveen Kumar, M.Sc.,

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Dr.P.Saravanan, M.Sc., Ph.D., Dr.S.Kumaran, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.,


Mr. S.Guru Prasad, M.Sc., M.Phil., Mr.A.Baskaran, M.Sc.,


Mr.K.Selvendiran, M.Sc.,

Technical Assistant

~~~~~×~~~~~

ARRANGEMENT COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mrs.K.Kavitha

Members:

R. Ruthra, II M.Sc.,

S. Kottesvaran, I M. Sc.,

B. Sivasankari, I M. Sc.,

M. Abirami, I M. Sc.,

R. Indira, I M. Sc.,

S. Pavithra, I M. Sc.,

R. Priya, I M. Sc.,

S. Venilla, I M. Sc.,

D. Malathy, I M. Sc.,

G. Suganya, I M. Sc.,

M. Murugantham, III B. Sc.,

U. Prakash, III B. Sc.,

S. Prakash, III B. Sc.

D. Suryaprakash, III B. Sc.,

S. Rajkumar, III B. Sc.,

P. Padmini, III B. Sc.,

D. Ramya, III B. Sc.,

D. Hemashri, II B. Sc.,

G. S. L. R. Sathyadev, I B. Sc.,

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Dr.P.Saravanan

Mr.S.Guru Prasad

Members:

B. Sivasankari, I M. Sc.,

D. Manoj Kumar, III B. Sc.,

B. Pavithra, III B. Sc.,

R. V. Sandhiyaa, II B. Sc.,

S. Pavithra, I B. Sc.,

REGISTRATION COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Dr.S.Kumaran

Members:

G.Sugasini, III B. Sc.,

M. Priyanka, III B. Sc.,

S. Manju, III B. Sc.,

N. Revathy, III B. Sc.,

M. Vijaylakshmi, III B. Sc.,

K. Jayanthi, III B. Sc.,

N. Janaki, III B. Sc.,

V. R. Suganthi, III B. Sc.,

T. Suganya, III B. Sc.,

B. Nivetha, I B. Sc.,

V. Akshaya, I B. Sc.,

FOOD AND CATERING COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mr.E.Praveen Kumar

Members:

P. Ragu, III B. Sc.,

G. Prakash, III B. Sc.,

U. Prakash, III B. Sc.,

S. Rajkumar, III B. Sc.,

J. Raj, III B. Sc.,

D. Suryaprakash, III B. Sc.,

A. Arun, III B. Sc.,

K. Baskar, III B. Sc.,

A. Arun, III B. Sc.,

K. Baskar, III B. Sc.,

G. A. Dineshkumar, II B. Sc.,

R. Murugan, II B. Sc.,

S. Sabarinathan, II B. Sc.,

M. Vijayakanth, II B. Sc.,

V. Thangamani, II B. Sc.,

K. Pugazhvendan, I B. Sc.,

L. Selvakumar, I B. Sc.,

K. V. Sanjay, I B. Sc.,

N. Raghu, I B. Sc.,

A. Soundarapandian, I B. Sc.,

V. Kamalakannan, I B. Sc.,

D. Vijay, I B. Sc.,

R. Iyyapan, I B. Sc.,

RECEPTION AND DECORATION

COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mr.A.Baskaran

Members:

S.Monashraj, III B.Sc.,

S.Gandhi, III B.Sc.,

S. Bavya, III B.Sc.,

N.Revathy, III B.Sc.,

G.Shanbagam, III B.Sc.,

FINANCE, TRANSPORT AND

ACCOMMODATION COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mr.K.Selvendiran

Members:

M. Ramesh, II M. Sc.,

G. Prakash, III B. Sc.,

P. Ragu, III B. Sc.,

N. Ramu, II B. Sc.,

P. Shankar, I B. Sc.,

~~~~~×~~~~~

National conference on

“Frontiers in Translational Microbiology”

SANMICROFEST 2015

8th

January, 2015

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE Inguration Function

09:00 AM - Registration of Participents

09:30 AM - Arrival of Guests and Delegates

10:00 AM - Invocation & ligiting of Kuthuvilaku

10:10 AM - Welcome Address: Dr.K.R.Venkatesan, Principal.

10:20 AM - Honoring of Guests

10:30 AM - Inaugural Address and Relecing of Bhamathi Microbiology News Letter

Prof.Thangam Menon, D.Sc.,

Professor and Head


University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai

10:45 AM - Vote of thanks: Dr.G.Suresh, Organizing Secretory

10:50 AM - Tea break

11:00 AM - Plenary Lecture I- Congenital metabolic disorders associated

with water-soluble vitamin transport

Dr.B.Ashok Kumar, M.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Genetic Engineering

School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.

11:45 AM - Plenary Lecture II: Immunity to Microbes

Dr.Thiyagarajan Raman, M.Sc., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Bioengineering

SASTRA University, Thanjavur.

12:30 PM - Oral and Poster Presentation

Chief Judge: Dr.P.Srinivasan, M.Sc., Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor, Department of Bioinformatics

Alagappa University, Karaikudi. Oral Presentation Session I Session Chairperson

Prayer Hall Dr.Thiyagarajan Raman

Dr.S.R.Pugazhvendan

Oral Presentation Session II Session Chairperson

Seminor Hall Dr.A.Suresh

Dr.N.B.Dhayanithi

01:30 PM - Lunch

02:00 PM - Poster Presentation Session Chairperson

Dr.P.Prabu

Dr.N.Ravichandran

Valedictory function

03:00 PM - Welcome Address: Dr.K.R.Venkatesan, Principal.

03:10 PM - Valedictory address and Distribution of Prizes

Prof.N.Munusamy, D.Sc., Professor and ENVIS-Coordinator, Department of Zoology

Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai.

03:30 PM - Vote of Thanks: Dr.G.Suresh, Organizing Secretary National Anthem

ORAL PRESEANTATION SESSION I Chairperson: Dr.Thiyagarajan Raman Time: 12:30 PM

Dr.S.R.Pugazhvendan Hall: Prayer Hall

S.No Name of the Authors Title of the work Affiliation Address

OP1

Murali Shankar. A*,

Jenny.S,

Malliga. P,

Suthanselvi. P

and Soundarapandian.P

Analysis of microbial population in organic

manure and its aqueous extract on the seed

germination of Trigonella foenum-graecum

L.

CAS in Marine Biology,

Department of Marine

Biotechnology, Annamalai

University, Parangipettai

Tamilnadu, India.

OP2

S.Yugasini* and

P.K.Nagalakshmi

Studies on Biopolymers producing Bacillus

spp from soil.


Kanchi shri Krishna College of

arts and science, Kilambi,

Kanchipuram – 631 551.

OP3

K.Kanimozhi* and

P.K.Nagalakshmi

Comparative Study on production of

Biosurfactant by Bacillus Subtilis and

Pseudomonas fluorescens

PG and Research Department

of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri

Krishna College of Arts and

Science, Kilambi,


OP4

N.Rajan and

K.Kanimozhi*

Extraction of humic acid from solid state

fermentation of Agro wastes using

Aspergillus niger and promote plant growth


of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri

Krishna College of Arts and

Science, Kilambi,


OP5

P.Stalin*,

A.Maruthirajan

and P.Loganyaki

Studies on the benthic fauna of Kalpakkam

region, Tamil nadu southeast coast of India

PG.Department of Zoology

Pachaiyappa’s College for

Men

Kanchipuram -631501. Tamil

Nadu

OP6

Suresh.A, Meena.B*,

Sumit Rose

Isolation purification and identification of

metallothionein protein in fresh water fish ,

Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes,

1844)

Department of Zoology,

Presidency college,Chennai-

600005.

OP7

R. Mani, B. Meena*

and K.Vallivittan

Metallothionein protein purification and

characterization in liver of marine catfish,

Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822)


St. Peter’s University, Avadi,

Chennai- 600 054.

OP8

S. Lingathurai*,

C.Balachandran ,

V.Duraipandiyan and

S.Ignacimuthu

Toxic effect of Streptomyces sp. on cotton

bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera hubner

(Lepidoptera: noctuidae)

Post Graduate Department of

Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s

College for Men,

Kanchipuram –631 501.

OP9

S. Lingathurai*, P.

Hemavathi and P.

Sivadurgadevi

Microbiology of the gut of the rice-moth,

Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera:

pyralidae) larvae



College for Men,

Kanchipuram – 631 501

OP10

P.Ragul and

H.Sorna kumari*

A biofilm study among catheter users Department of Microbiology

Kanchi Shri Krishna College

of Arts & Science, Kilambi,

Kanchipuram

OP11

K. Ashok* ,

K. Sivakumari

and P.Jayaprakash

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in

Zingibera officinale outer skin and its

anticancer activity against HepG2 cell line


of Zoology, Presidency

College, Chennai –5.

OP12

V. Kadirvelmurugan*

R. Dhamotharan and

S. Ravikumar

Ethnomedicinal applications against skin

ailments employed by the sholaga tribes of

Kathiri hills, Western ghats, Tamil Nadu.

Post Graduate and Research

Department of Plant Biology

and Plant Biotechnology,

Presidency College

(Autonomous), Chennai - 5

OP13

Subhashini. S and

Poonguzhali. T. V*

Antimicrobial studies of Ecbolium viride,

Gendarussa vulgaris and Sphaeranthus

amaranthoides and its hepatoprotective

activity

P. G and Research Dept. of

Botany, Queen Mary’s

College, Chennai – 4.

OP14

T.V.Poonguzhali1,*,

K.Kavitha1 and

R.Ruthra2.

Isolation and characterization of

antimicrobial agents producing endophytic

fungi from palar river basin plants.

Department of Botany, 1Queen

Mary’s College, Chennai 2Department of Microbiology,

Sri Sankara Arts and Science

College, Kanchipuram.

OP15

C. Deepa, S.

Balamurugan

and B. Ramesh*

Isolation and characterization of

biosurfactant compounds from Providencia

sp.



College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram – 631561

OP16

G.Saravanan, S.

Balamurugan* and B.

Ramesh

DNA sequence and microbial ecology Department of Biotechnology,


College, Enathur,


ORAL PRESEANTATION SESSION II

Chairperson: Dr.A.Suresh Time: 12:30 PM

Dr.N.B.Dhayanithi Hall: Seminar Hall

S.No Name of the Authors Title of the work Affiliation address

OP17

A. Sathish Kumar, S. Balamurugan* and B. Ramesh

Isolation of keratinolytic actinomycetes from soil and optimization of keratinase production

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram – 631561

OP18

B. Sivasankari and P. Saravanan

A critical review on alternate fuel from variours resourses

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram – 631561

OP19

Suganya. G, Umamageshwari. S, Manivannan. S, Bharathi. S and Kumaran.S*

Isolation and characterization of chitinase producing bacteria

PG and Research Department of Microbiology Sri Sankara Arts and Science College Enathur , Kanchipuram

OP20 Razeena. A, Praveen Kumar. E Kumaran.S*

Development of microbial antifouling compound

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur

OP21

Padmini P, K. Kavitha, M. Aiswarya, S. Guru Prasad, S. Kumaran*

Role of stem cells in cancer therapy – A review

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur , Kanchipuram

OP22 Santhiyaa .R.V and S. Kumaran*

Medicinal properties of marine seaweeds

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur ,

Kanchipuram

OP23

K.Kavitha, B.Ramesh and M.Muruganandham

Studies on antimicrobial and anticancer properties of chitosan from Aspergillus niger

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur , Kanchipuram

OP24

Stalin.P1, Sumathi.S*

2,

Poonguzali.J2,

Nagarathinam.M, Muthiah.S.S

Effect of various plant extracts against Fusarium pallidoroseum -The causal agent of twig blight of mulberry

1P.G Department of Zoology,

Pachiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram. 2

Department of Zoology, Arginar Anna Government Arts College for Women, Walajapet.

OP25 Alagarasan.C, Vijaiyan Siva.G

In-Silico Assessment of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Thymoquinone by using Molecular Docking Tools

Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025.

OP26

P.Stalin*, P.Loganyaki and A.Maruthirajan

Diversity and distribution of zooplankton in Kalpakkam region, Tamilnadu, Southeast coast of India

PG.Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram -631501. Tamil Nadu

OP27

V.Thiruselvam, T.S. Kumarevel and M.N. Ponnuswamy

Structural Analysis of Gene Regulatory Protein

CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600-025, India.

OP28

S.Devi and T.Sivakumar

Production and characterization of lipase from Aspergillus awamori

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Kanchi shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India- 631 551.

OP29

R.Kalaiarasi and T.Sivakumar

Effect of bacterial biofertilizers on the growth and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants


OP30

M.Mohan and T.Sivakumar

A study on microbial diversity in marine ecosystem of Pichavaram, Tamil nadu


OP31

V.Saranya and T.Sivakumar

Isolation and purification of cds nanoparticles from an actinomycete


OP32

M. Diyani* and R. Sumathi

Studies on the production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antimicrobial activity on selected human pathogens

Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi, kancheepuram-631 551.

POSTER PRESEANTATION

Chairperson: Dr.P.Prabu Time: 02:00 PM

Dr.N.Ravichandran Hall: Seminar Hall

S.No Name of the Authors Title of the work Affiliation address

PP1

N. Mahalakshmi,

S.Dhanasekaran,

C. Ravi, and

S. Lingathurai*

Antimicrobial activities of Pongamia glabra

and Phyllanthus niruri


Yadava College, Madurai

PP2

S. Lingathurai*,

P. Sivadurgadevi and

P. Hemavathi

Biodegradation of Synthetic Pyrethroid-

Cyfluthrin by Enterobacter asburiae from

soil

Samples



College for Men,

Kanchipuram – 631 501

PP3

P.Jayaprakash

K.Sivakumari

and K. Ashok*

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in

Sargassum wightii and its anticancer activity

against PC-3 cell line

PG and Research


Presidency College,

Chennai –5.

PP4

S. Pavithra Over view of Bioremediation PG and Research Department of

Microbiology


College

Enathur , Kanchipuram

PP5

S. Umamageshwari,

D. Ramya and

M. Anusuyadevi

Uses of Genetically Modified Microbes PG and Research Department of

Microbiology


College


PP6

U. Prakash Synthesis of silver nanoparticle using plant

extract and its applications

PG and Research Department of

Microbiology


College


PP7

M. Sumithra,

V. Vaitheeswarai and

C. Vijayameena

Antidiabatic activity of Annona muricata on

streptococci Diabetics induced albino rat



College, Enathur,


PP8

S. Dinesh Kumar and

M. Pratheeba*

Studies on the cryopreservation of different

bull sperm (HF gross, HF, Mura, Jersy)



College, Enathur,


PP9

K. H. Pavithra and

K. Umaa Rani*

Studies on the effect of tributyltin on the

reproductive organs in the freshwater fish

Channa punctatus (Bloch)



College, Enathur,


PP10

S. Vishnu Priya and

B. Ramesh

Studies on the effect of unilateral and

bilateral eyestalk ablation in male and

female prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

(De man)



College, Enathur,


PP11

J.Selvanathan,

P.Prabu.

R.Harikrishnan,

G.L.Sudhakar

Impact of heavymetal pollutants (mercury

and cadmium) on biochemical and

histological changes in the fresh water fish

Clarias batrachus (linn.)

Dept of Zoology,

Pachaiyappa’scollege for Men,

Kanchipuram

PP12

D. Malathy

Mucosal immunity in innate immune system


Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts

and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram - 631 561.

PP13

R. Indira and

S. Guru Prasad

NF-KB – A notable factor in innate immune

system





PP14

R. Priya,

S. Vanilla, S. Abirami

and S. Kumaran*

My enemies enemies is my friend –

bacteriophage therapy





PP15

S. Venniala, R, Priya

and S. Kumaran*

Development of antifouling compound

against biofouling bacteria





PP16

Nivesh Narayanan and

S. Kumaran

Bio active compound from marine

actinomycetes and their anti-microbial

properties





PP17

Y. Sarumathi and

S. Kumaran

Bio diesel production from waste





PP18

G.Navaneetham* and

R.Sumathi

Studies on the isolation of fresh water

microalgae chlorella sp and its antimicrobial

activity on selected pathogens


Microbiology, Kanchi Shri

Krishna College of Arts &

Science, Kilambi, kancheepuram-

631 551

PP19

J.Devi1 and

M. Prakash2*

Diversity of Bacterial flora in the

Vermicasts and Gut of earthworm Perionyx

ceylanensis reared in Pressmud

1Research and Development

Centre, Bharathiar University,

Coimbatore. 2Department of Microbiology,

Kanchi Shri Krishna College of

Arts & Science,

Kilambi – 631 551, Kanchipuram.

PP20

Pavithra and

M. Prakash*

Vermicomposting of vegetable waste using

Eisenia fetida with a noteon its physico-

chemical and microbiological features

Department of Microbiology,

Kanchi Shri Krishna College of

Arts & Science,

Kilambi – 631 551, Kanchipuram.

PP21

M.Ramesh and

G.Suresh

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using

aqueous solution of Polianthes tuberosa

root extract and characterization of their

antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity





~~~~~×~~~~~


Vol 4, Issue 2, -26, December 2014

ISSN: 2231-136X

ABSTRACTS – ORAL PRESEANTATION

National conference on Frontiers in Translational Microbiology

SANMICROFEST 2015

OP1 - Analysis of microbial population in organic manure and its aqueous

extract on the seed germination of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Murali Shankar.A1,*, Jenny.S

2, Malliga.P

2, Suthanselvi.P

3 and Soundarapandian.P

1

1CAS in Marine Biology,

Department of Marine Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai

Tamilnadu, India. 2Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Trichirapalli Tamilnadu, India.

3Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, PG Extension Centre, Perambalur, Tamilnadu,

India.

*Email: [email protected]: cell-9566462095

ABSTRACT

Biofertilizers are typical environmentally safe, cheaper and has the capability to recover the nutrient

demands of crop. Cyanopith and jiwamrita used as a valuable biofertilizer for environment. They enrich the

nutrient quality of soil and transform organic matter into nutrients that can be used to make plants healthy

and productive. The degraded coir pith by Cyanobacterium (Oscillatoria annae) is called cyanopith.

Jiwamrita is made up of naturally available farm wastes and it is rich in beneficial microbes. Preparation of

organic manure from three different particle sizes of cyanopith with jiwamrita enriched the microbial

population consequently the existing nutrient has been enhanced in organic manure. Hence, the present study

was carried out for the production of organic manure from three different particle sizes of cyanopith with

jiwamrita and analyse the microbial population present in the organic manure. So the application of

cyanopith with jiwamrita enhanced the composting process as well as microbial populations. Also the

aqueous extracts of 3rd

particle size (0.01-0.1mm) organic manure enhanced the percentage of seed

germination, radicle length, and biochemical parameters of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Keywords: biofertilizer, cyanopith, jiwamrita, microbial population, seed germination.

OP2 - Studies on Biopolymers producing Bacillus spp from soil

S.Yugasini * and P.K.Nagalakshmi

Department of Microbiology, Kanchi shri Krishna College of arts and science, Kilambi, Kanchipuram – 631

551.

ABSTRACT

Plastic materials which have made entry in human life are now causing serious environmental

problems due to their non biodegradability. Hence biodegradable plastics have emerged as a useful

alternative to overcome the environmental pollution. PHB is one such biodegradable microbial polymer

which is accumulated in bacteria as intracellular storage granules in the presence of excess carbon sources

and limited nitrogen source. The polymer is known to occur as intracellular granules in several genera of

microorganisms. Out of total 30 isolated strains, one strain was selected for PHB production in different

parameters like carbon and nitrogen sources, incubation temperature and time. The bacteria were screened

for PHB production and compared with staining in Sudan Black B stain. When PHB production conditions

were optimized with different carbon and Nitrogen sources, the highest PHB production was observed with

mailto:[email protected]

12 Bhamathi Microbiology News Letter Vol-4, Issue 2, December 2014 ISSN: 2231-136X

raffinose and peptone. Regarding incubation time, temperature and pH, the optimum PHB production

condition were 72h, 30°C and 7.0 respectively. The present study provides the useful data about the optimal

condition for PHB production by Bacillus spp that can be utilized for industrial production of PHB.

Keywords: Biodegradable plastic, PHB production, Bacillus spp, Biopolymer.

OP3 - Comparative study on production of biosurfactant By Bacillus subtilis

and Pseudomonas fluorescens

K.Kanimozhi* and P.K.Nagalakshmi

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts and Science, Kilambi,

Kanchipuram – 631 551, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Biosurfactants are microbial surface active agents produced by certain microorganisms during their

growth phase. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic, non- toxic and biodegradable molecules with high specificity.

The present study, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were isolated from the oil contaminated

soil sample and screened for biosurfactant activity. Purification of culture was confirmed by Gram staining

and identified by different biochemical test. Biosurfactant activity was evaluated by haemolytic assay (HA),

drop collapsing test and lipase production. Similarly antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well

diffusion method. Pseudomonas fluorescens exhibited significant biosurfactant and antimicrobial activity

than Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial activity of biosurfactant was tested against Staphylococcus aureus,

Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp. Pseudomonas fluorescens was showed highest antimicrobial activity

against Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords: Biosurfactant, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella

sp, Klebsiella sp.

OP4 - Extraction of humic acid from solid state fermentation of agro

wastes using Aspergillus niger and promote plant growth

N. Rajan and K. Kanimozhi*

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts and Science, Kilambi,

Kanchipuram – 631 551, Tamil Nadu, India


ABSTRACT

Humic acid plays an important role in soil fertility and environmental quality. The benefits of humic

acid include their contributions in plant growth enhancement, increasing fertilizer efficiency, or reducing

soil compaction. In the present study, Humic acid (HA) extracted from Aspergillus niger using agro wastes

in aqueous solution was carried out using solid state fermentation. The solid state fermentation offers

advantages over liquid cultivation, especially for fungal cultures. The raw materials such as Rice straw,

Wheat bran, Coconut coir and Saw dust were used as substrates for the growth of Aspergillus niger .The

highest humic acid production was obtained in using rice straw as a substrate. By optimizing the PH 4 and

temperature at 28ºC, highest humic acid production was obtained. The humic acid content in the extracted

solution was determined by using MVR method. Humic materials are very large and complex molecules

extracted from agro wastes have been used in many ways for plant production. Humic acid treated seeds

germinate faster and shows highest percentage of seeds were germinated. In the presence of HA, plants show

greater root development and grow stronger and healthier.

Keywords: Humic acid, Aspergillus niger, solid state fermentation.


OP5 - Studies on the benthic fauna of Kalpakkam region, Tamilnadu southeast

coast of India

P. Stalin*, A. Maruthirajan and P. Loganyaki

PG Department of Zoology Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram -631501. Tamil Nadu

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The communities of organisms that live on, or in, the bottom of a water body is known as “benthos”

and play an important role in transitional ecosystems. The Benthic invertebrates filtering phytoplankton and

then acting as a food source for larger organisms such as fish, they are linking primary production with

higher trophic levels. Benthic communities are often used as biological indicators because they can provide

information on environmental conditions either due to the sensitivity of single species (indicator

species).The present study is an attempt to map out the seasonal variation (Mar 2012 to Feb 2013) of macro

faunal diversity at different depth viz.0mt, 5mt, 10mt, and 20mt, in Kalpakkam region, Southeast coast of

India. A total of 66 species of macro fauna were recorded. Among them, polychaetes were found to be the

dominamt group (38 species), followed by bivalves (15 species) and gastropods (13 species). The density of

organisms varied from 62 during post monsoon at 10mt depth to 126 during summer at 20mt depth.

Similarly species diversity varied from 4.075 at 10mt in the sample collected during premonsoon to 4.935 at

20mt depth during summer. In a nutshell, the distribution of macro fauna was found to increase with

increasing depth and the probable reasons for the distribution pattern of organisms. In this study, the various

parameters such as, substratum, temperature, organic materials and nutrients play important role in the

distribution of benthos.

Keywords: Benthos, Macro fauna, Polychaetes, Bivalves, Gastropods

OP6 - Isolation, purification and identification of metallothionein protein in

fresh water fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella. ( Valenciennes, 1844 )

Suresh.A , Meena.B

* and Sumit Rose

Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Chennai-600005.

ABSTRACT Metallothionein (MTs) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich (20-30%),metal binding proteins

whose synthesis represents a specific response of organisms to pollutants by heavy metals such as copper,

zinc, cadmium and mercury. Metallothionein synthesis is induced in conditions of elevated heavy metal

concentration, providing more binding sites for metal ions there by limiting their damage in the tissues. The

main functions of MTs are related to metal metabolism, by way of storing these metals and detoxifying

them. Regulation of MT biosynthesis by heavy metals is considered as a biological mechanisms to maintain

homeostatic concentrations of essential and non essential free metal ions by chelation. The MT

concentration was found to be higher in the liver tissue and hence the liver tissue was selected for the study.

The liver tissue was subjected to affinity chromatography to isolate the MT protein and was conformed

using western blotting technique. The MT protein was eluted using ingel trypsin digestion. The digested

samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF Mass spectroscopy and the molecular weight of MT was

determined .The molecular weight of MT was found to be 5971kDa.MT of C. idella showed 30% of cysteine

and aromatic amino acid such as tryptophan and tyrosine concentrations were very low. The MT protein,

amino acid sequence of C. idella showed 98% matching with G. gobio fish MT protein amino acid.

Keywords: Ctenopharyngoden idella, Metallothionein, Isolation, Purification, MOLDI-TOF


OP7 - Metallothionein protein purification and characterization in liver of

marine catfish, Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822)

R. Mani1, B. Meena

2* and K. Vallivittan

1

1Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s University, Avadi, Chennai- 600 054.

2Department of Zoology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai-600 005.

ABSTRACT

Aquatic ecosystem is exposed to a variety of pollutants due to anthropogenic activities by way of

industrial effluents. The heavy metals in the water tend to accumulate in aquatic organism; fish being the

target organism. The heavy metals in the fish pose a serious threat to human being as these metals gain entry

into the human system by way of aquatic food chain. The selected marine catfish species Arius arius

inhabiting the marine ecosystem was used as an experimental fish for present study. The fishes respond to

the heavy metal toxicity by way of synthesizing a variety of stress protein. One such stress protein in fish

was identified as Metallothionein (MT). The MT protein was purified by Affinity chromatography and

characterized by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrum and peptide mass fingerprinting (pmf). The purified MT

protein molecular weight was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The purified MT protein was digested with

trypsin (cleaves at R-X and K-X except when X is Pro). The digested peptides were subjected to MALDI-

TOF MS and peptide mass fingerprinting. The pmf was performed to predict and identify the MT protein

and the amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence was generated using MALDI-TOF MS pmf and was

compared with SwissProt and NCBInr database using Mascot software. The primary structure of MT was

predicted by PROTPARAM, and the secondary structure was predicted by CFSSP. The 3D structure was

predicted by MODELLER 9v8 and RASMOL software was used to visualize the 3D structure of MT and

model was validated using Ramachandran Plot.

Keywords: Arius arius, Metallothionein, Affinity Chromatography, Western Blot, MALDI-TOF MS (PMF),

Homology Modelling

OP8 - Toxic effect of Streptomyces sp. on cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

S. Lingathurai

1,2*, C. Balachandran

2, V. Duraipandiyan

2 and S. Ignacimuthu

2

1Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram –631 501.

2Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai- 600 034.

ABSTRACT

Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous pest which has developed physiological resistance against a

number of known insecticides. In order to reduce the load of synthetic insecticides and eco-friendly

alternative strategies are needed. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal potential of

Streptomyces on H. armigera. The toxic properties of Streptomyces fractions were used for treatment with

H. armigera larvae. Ethyl acetate fraction was exhibited significant toxic activity. Hexane extract exhibited

better toxic activity and inhibited their growth. All the fractions were showed dose dependent manner. Based

on these studies to provides evidence of that Streptomyces / actinomycetes possesses toxic properties and

may play an important role in protecting plants against lepidopteron insect pests

Keywords: Helicoverpa armigera, Streptomyces, Oxicity, Lethal concentration, Growth inhibition,

Malformation


OP9 - Microbiology of the gut of the Rice-Moth, Corcyra cephalonica

(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

S. Lingathurai1, 2

, P. Hemavathi1*

and P. Sivadurgadevi1

1Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram – 631 501

2Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai – 600 034

ABSTRACT

The rice moth mainly fed on rice and its flour. The habitat of Corcyra cephalonica Staintion

suggests that they possess the ability to digest varieties of food grains particularly starch present in the rice.

The aim of this study was to characterize the gut bacterial communities of the rice moth, C. cephalonica.

The bacterial counts in the foregut, midgut and hindgut were estimated. The bacterial species were identified

to be Citrobacter freundii Agrobacterium larrymoorei Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,

Corynebacterium fascians, Arthrobacter globiformis, Enterobacter sp. Escherichia coli Bacillus brevis and

Flavobacterium breve. The majority of these isolates were demonstrated to have both proteolytic and

amylolytic activities.

Keywords: Corcyra cephalonica, Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut, Bacterial community

OP10 - A biofilm study among catheter users

P. Ragu and H. Sorna kumari

Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kanchipuram

ABSTRACT

Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor contributing to the chronicity of infections. The

catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of enormous biofilms. Here in this

investigational study, patients with UTI using catheters and without catheters (control groups) were selected.

From these patients using catheters Staphylococcus species and Pseudomonas species were isolated and

allowed for biofilm formation. Antibiotic susceptibility assay for biofilms was done which were developed

on 96-well polystyrene culture plates via resazurin assay test. Thus this study continues to determine the

different assays related with biofilm studies.

Keywords: Catheters, Polystyrene, Culture plates

OP11 - Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in Zingibera officinale outer skin and its

anticancer activity against HepG2 cell line

K. Ashok , K. Sivakumari

* and P.Jayaprakash

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Chennai –5.

ABSTRACT

Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) is a spice that is enjoyed in many areas of the world, similarly to

Turmeric. It has been used for more than 5000 years and is one of the essential plants in Ayurveda medicine.

In herbal medicine, Ginger is recommended for a large number of problems whether to aid with digestion,

lack of energy, vitality or to combat various infections. It is also reputed to be effective in eliminating nausea

and vomiting. Recently, Ginger root has been the subject of various studies, notably in relation to its possible

anticancer properties. The aim of the work is to identify the phytocompounds present in it and to synthesis

and characterize silver nanoparticles from Zingiberofficinale outer skin. Finally its bioactivity is assessed by

MTT assay for its cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cell line.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, biosynthesis, Silver nanoparticle, MTT assay


OP12 - Ethnomedicinal applications against skin ailments employed by the

Sholaga tribes of Kathiri hills, Western ghats, Tamilnadu.

V. Kadirvelmurugan* R. Dhamotharan and S. Ravikumar

Post Graduate and Research Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College

(Autonomous), Chennai – 600 005, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The present study investigates the wealth of medicinal plants used by the Sholaga tribals of Kathiri

hills against various sorts of skin ailments. The Sholaga aboriginals are traditionally settled population in the

three villages of the Kathiri hills present in Western Ghats, Tamilnadu, India. Presently, the information

revealed by these tribes, village herbal practitioners and traditional healers on the plants used against skin

infections have been collected during my field trips and are presented in this paper for the field of

Phytotherapy. This report mainly focuses on 38 plants belonging to 36 genera and 19 families which are

used by the Sholaga tribes for treating skin complaints like allergies, itchings, boils, blisters, eruptions,

sores, ringworms, scabies, chicken pox, small pox, etc. From these recommended ethnomedicinal plants,

five species were selected for Phytopharmacological investigations based on their medicinal significance and

curing competence. A literature survey was also carried out for cross checking compilation of the existing

information on the aspect of ethnomedicinal implications. The collected plant specimens were identified

using the Flora of Presidency of Madras, supplement to illustration on the Palani Hills, South India,

Compendium of India medicinal plants, Central Drug Research Institute of Lucknow and National Institute

of science communication, New Delhi. The cherished knowledge of these local tribal communities about

these medicinal plants is clearly evident when we observe different local names by which they identify these

plants. The tribes acquired this medicinal knowledge and the practical procedure of these ethnomedicinal

plants only by their own experiences.

Keywords: Ethno medicine, Skin diseases, Sholaga tribals, Kathiri Hills, Western Ghats.

OP13 - Antimicrobial studies of Ecbolium viride, Gendarussa vulgaris and

Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and its hepatoprotective activity

S. Subhashini and T. V. Poonguzhali

P. G and Research Dept. of Botany, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai – 4.

Email Id: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston, Gendarussa vulgaris Nees and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides

Burm.f. are common weeds in our flora known for their hepatoprotective activity. These plants were

collected from villupuram and palayamkottai. The antimicrobial study helps in the preliminary screening in

various polar and nonpolar extracts of the three plants. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the

three samples were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus)

Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungal (Candida albicans and

Candida parapsilosis) pathogens. The activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone

around the well and compared with the standard of streptomycin. This acted as positive control and had an

inhibition zone of 6 mm. E. viride showed a maximum the inhibition zone of (23 ± 0.7 mm B. subtilis in a

concentration of 200 (µg/mL). Maximum zone of inhibition of G. vulgaris were in the concentration of 200

µg/mL against S. aureus (23 ± 0.2mm). S. amaranthoides showed a inhibition zone of (24 ± 0.9 mm) in K.

pneumoniae. Thus, the results clearly showed that all the three plant extracts at 200 µg/mL was effective

against the microbes.

Keywords: Weeds, Flora, Antimicrobial, Streptomycin





OP14 - Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial agents producing

endophytic fungi from Palar river basin plants

T. V. Poonguzhali

1,*, K. Kavitha

1 and R. Ruthra

2

1,*Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai

2Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram.

ABSTRACT Endophytic fungi are a rich and reliable source of novel natural compounds with interesting

biological activities, a high level of biodiversity and may also produce several compounds of pharmaceutical

significance, which is currently attracting worldwide scientific investigations towards isolation and

exploration of their biotechnological promises. They represent a relatively unexplored ecological source, and

their secondary metabolites are particularly active because of their metabolic interactions with their hosts. In

nature, plants seem to be in a close interaction with endophytic fungi. In this investigation, totally 150

isolates were recovered from medicinal plants from Kanchipuram. Particularly the 15 morphologically

different isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity. Among 15 isolates, four strains showed positive

results for antimicrobial activity. In addition to the antimicrobial activity they also show positive results for

reducing power assay and DPPH assay. The four potential strains were identified to be Fusarium Species,

Mucor Species, Colletorichum Species and Alterneria Species.

Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Antimicrobial, Reducing power assay

OP15 - Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant compounds from

Providencia sp

C. Deepa, S. Balamurugan and B. Ramesh*

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram – 631561

ABSTRACT Biosurfactants are compounds produced by a variety of microorganisms capable of lowering surface

and/or interfacial tension. 5g of soil samples were inoculate in nutrients agar for biosurfactant screening. A

total of 24 isolates were tested for biosurfactants production. Maximum surface activity was observed in

strain VEL-CS-14-CLWS (22.24*10-3

nm-1

). This strain was subjected to fermentation, yields

140mg/1.5litre of surfactants active compounds. Which is partial purification using thin layer

chromatography and column chromatography and the fractionation 12-16 showed better activity. UV visible

spectroscopy and HPLC analysis showed 12 peaks, out of 3 where major peaks with retention time of

1.345min., 1.461 min., 5.182 min. The potent strain (VEL-CS-14-CLWS) was PCR amplified and

sequenced using 27F and 1529 R primer and identified as Providencia sp. with 93% similarity. The present

study conclusively demonstrates that biosurfactants producing isolates are prevalent in the contaminated soil

compared to un -disturbed soil

Keywords: Biosurfactant, Column chromatography, HPLC, Layer chromatography, Providencia sp


OP16 - DNA sequence and micrbial ecology

G. Saravanan, S. Balamurugan* and B. Ramesh


ABSTRACT Microbes are the highly diverse living things in this world. They are ubiquitous and represent most

of the world’s biomass. Microbes play a significant role in global carbon and nutrient cycling. If all of

Earth’s microbes extinct, so would everything else. So there is a need to study their diversity and their role.

Early scientist used culturable methods, which reflects only the 0.1-1% of the total diversity. With

improvement in molecular biology, techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing had explored their world.

First generation sequencing was not even able to make evident their actual diversity and function in the

ecosystem. The second and third generation sequence includes 454 system Roche/454 pyrosequencing,

Illumina (Solexa), SOLiD, HeliScope, Pacific Biosciences, Ion Torrent, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies

had projected their world accurately. Among these Pyrosequencing methods is the most apt technique for the

microbial ecology studies. Sequencing done by synthesis method, where a pyrophosphate is released as the

result of nucleotide incorporated into the growing stand is the base for the technology. Average base pair

length of 650bp was kept as slab from previous studies. Most case these technologies were used to study the

microbial diversity and their functional activities. Software’s like MEGAN, MG-RAST, CAMERA, QIIME,

SLIVA and GAST were used to visualized the Microbial ecosystem.

Keyword: Illumina, MEGAN, Microbial Ecology, Pyrosequencing, SOLiD

OP17 - Isolation of keratinolytic actinomycetes from soil and optimization of

keratinase production

A. Sathish kumar, S. Balamurugan* and B. Ramesh

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram-631561.

ABSTRACT Feathers are the waste byproducts of poultry industry, with millions of tons dumped per year.

Feathers are made up of 90% keratin, a highly resistant protein which takes a long time to degrade and

causes environmental pollution. The present study had two aims (1) to isolate the best keratinase producing

actinobacterial strain from soils in and around Kanchipuram and (2) to optimize the Keratinase production

from the strains. 10g of soil sample were collected and inoculated in keratin agar media to screen for

keratinase production. Three actinobacterial strains (KSX, KSY and KSZ) showed keratinase producing

activity, among them KSZ showed maximum production of keratinase. The results showed that KSZ strain

gave the maximum yield of 700 U/ml of enzyme in chicken feather medium (basal media) at pH 7.5, after 72

hours of incubation at 37°C. The potent strain KSZ was tentatively identified as Streptomyces sp. KSZ strain

was used for further optimization and purification. Further ammonium precipitation and Sephadex G-25

purification yielded 3.4 % fold purified protein, showing 704.9 U/ml of specific enzyme activity.

Keyword: Actinobacteria, Chicken feather, Sephadex, Streptomyces Sp.


OP18 - A critical review on alternate fuel from various sources

B. Sivasankari and P. Saravanan*

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College,

Enathur , Kanchipuram – 631561.

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The world seems to be raising its energy need owing to an expanding population and people’s desire

for higher living standard. The finitude of fossil fuels, concerns for energy security and the need to response

to climate change have led to growing worldwide interest in biofuels. Biofuels are defined as solid, liquid or

gaseous fuel derived from relatively recently dead biological material. Biofuels are alternative renewable

fuels that have considerable attention in the recent past namely bioethanol, biodiesel, biohydrogen using

organic waste from plants, animals, agriculture and industries and also using microorganisms. This paper

offers an overview on the production of bioethanol, biohydrogen and biodiesel.

Keywords: Biofuel, Bioethanol, Biodiesel, Biohydrogen

OP19 - Isolation and characterization of chitinase producing bacteria

G. Suganya, S. Umamageshwari, S. Manivannan S. Bharathi and S. Kumaran*

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram – 631561.


ABSTRACT

Chitin degrading bacterial strains SCB3 and SCB5 were isolated from Landing Centre, Chennai and

identified as member of genus Bacillus. The SCB3 was produced highest chitionalytic activity in primary

and secondary screening. The optimization of colloidal chitin in fermentation medium, temperature and pH

for the production of chitinase enzyme. The SCB3 produce high level of chitinase was observed in 1%

colloidal chitin at pH 7.8 and at temperature 30

0c after 3 days incubation. The SCB5 shows1% colloidal

chitin at ph7.3 and at 350c after 2 days incubation. The SCB3 & SCB5 were produced chitinase respectively

44.5Uml-1

and 35.2 Uml-1

.

Keywords: Chitin, Bacillus, Colloidal chitin

OP20 - Development of microbial antifouling compound A. Razeena, E. Praveen kumar and S. Kumaran*

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram - 631561


ABSTRACT

Biofouling is one of the most important problems and currently facing in marine

technology. Bio fouling is simply the attachment of an organism or organisms to a surface in

contact with water for a period of time. The process is a worldwide problem affecting various

industries ranging from offshore oil and gas industries, to fishing equipment and cooling systems.

This particular stage of biofouling involves the formation of bacterial biofilms, which is composed

of various stages. To minimize the impact of foulers, many underwater structures are protected with



antifouling coatings that include tributyl tin (TBT) and copper or organic compounds. The

chemicals however are toxic and are pollutants in the aquatic environment. This also causes a series

of sub lethal effects on non target species. The IMO decided to ban usage of TBT, effective from

January 2008. Hence there arises an urgent need for finding alternate antifoulants that are non toxic

and environmentally friendly. Active natural compounds have to been extracted from many types

of organisms including bacteria, coral reefs, sponges, seaweeds and sea grasses. In this review to be

proved, the microorganisms having great deal with producing antirouling compounds.

Keywords: Biofouling, Microorganisms, Antifouling

OP21 - Role of stem cells in cancer therapy – A review

P. Padmini, K. Kavitha, M. Aiswarya, S. Guru Prasad and S. Kumaran*



ABSTRACT

Stem cell therapy is an emerging approach for the treatment of various diseases and disorders.

Cancer is the one of the dangerous diseases to affect more organs finally cause death. Cancer is controlled

by various treatment methods like, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, lacer treatment, surgery etc., These methods

have some of demerits, side effects, expensive and less effective. To overcome that obstacle, stem cell

therapy is employed. In this review we have discussed the self-renewal apacity of the stem cells with high

replicative potential in multilineage differentiation. In future it will be a novel therapy for the treatment of

cancer cells.

Keywords: Cancer stem cell, Biomarker, Chemotherapy response, Targeted therapy, Stem cells in

tissue regeneration.

OP22 - Medicinal properties of marine seaweeds

R. V. Santhiyaa and S. Kumaran*

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram – 631561


ABSTRACT

Seaweeds (or) macroalgae are the eukaryotic organisms They are plant like ocean organisms.

Taxonomically,they are classified into three types Rhodophyta (red algae),Phaeophyta(brown algae),and

Chlorophyta (green algae) depending upon their pigments and chemical components. Today seaweeds are

the raw materials for industrisal productions like agar, algin and carrageenan but they continue to be widely

consumed as food in asian countries. Seaweeds are known as an excellent source of vitamins, minerals,

sodium and iodine. It possess pharmalogical activities such as antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant,

anticoagulant, antibiotic, antitumoral and antifouling activities.

Keywords: Seaweeds, Algae, Medicinal properties


OP23 - Studies on antimicrobial and anticancer properties of chitosan from

Aspergillus niger

K. Kavitha

1*, B. Ramesh

2 and M. Muruganandham

1

1Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara arts and Science College, Kanchipuram - 631561.

2Department

of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara arts and Science College, Kanchipuram - 631561. *Coresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Chitin (poly-N-acetylglucosamine) is abundant in most lower animals. It is the second most

abundant polysaccharide and is also a major component of the fungal cell wall. Many derivatives including

chitosan have been synthesized from chitin to evaluate their usefulness. Chitosan has advantages over chitin

because of its high solubility in acidic solutions and its polycationic nature. Soil samples was collected from

Enathur, Kanchipuram and fungal species isolated includes, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp.

The dry weight of the fungal mycelium was calculated. Maximum mycelia yield was obtained with

Aspergillus niger (1.36g). Chitin present in the dried mycelium was extracted and converted to chitosan. The

antimicrobial action of Chitosan was done by using Well diffusion method. Chitosan showed good activity

against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms. Klebsiella sp. only found to be resistant to

chitosan. The anti-proliferative effect was assessed by MTT assay. The present study conclusively

demonstrates that the Aspergillus niger is a good source of chitosan and its chitosan is having excellent

antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

Keywords: Chitosan, Antimicrobial, MTT assay

OP24 - Effect of various plant extracts against Fusarium pallidoroseum -The

causal agent of twig blight of mulberry

Stalin.P

1, Sumathi.S*

2, Poonguzali.J

2, Nagarathinam.M

3, Muthiah.S.S

4

1 P.G Department of Zoology, Pachiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

2 Department of Zoology, Arginar Anna Government Arts College for Women, Walajapet, Tamil Nadu,

India. 3 Department of Chemistry, D.K.M College for Women, Vellore,Tamil Nadu, India.

4 Director, Institute of Bio-Medical Research, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India.


ABSTRACT

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is prone to attack by various pathogens and almost all the varieties of

mulberry are susceptible to various diseases which ultimately result in reduction of the leaf yield and quality.

Among various diseases Twig blight caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum is one of the major diseases of

mulberry prevalent in all types of mulberry plantation. Ethanolic extracts of locally available plants viz.,

Conium maculatum L., Datura stramonium L., Allium sativum L., Urtica dioica and Matricaria chamomile

L. were evaluated to study their effect on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of F.pallidoroseum.

All these extracts showed inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination of the pathogen.

The extract of A. sativum has shown maximum inhibition of mycelical growth of 78.49 mm2 followed by the

extracts of M. chamomile (75.87mm2), C. maculatum (74.09mm

2) and D.stramonium with 73.10 mm

2 area

of inhibition. Extracts of D.stramonium and A.sativum inhibited the conidial germination by 93.07% and

90.76% inhibition respectively.

Keywords: Fusarium pallidoroseum, Mulberry, Plant extract, Twig blight


OP25 - In-Silico assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of thymoquinone by

using molecular docking tools

C. Alagarasan and G. Vijaiyan siva

Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025.

ABSTRACT Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component of essential oil isolated from Nigella sativa

(Ranunculaceae). . It is a great importance as a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of

inflammations, liver disorders, arthritis and cancer. The objective of the current study is to understand the

role of thymoquinone on treatment of inflammatory condition through in-silico approach. The specificity

and binding mode of thymoquinone to major inflammatory mediators such as, cytokines/chemokines,

signaling proteins and transcription factors. The molecular docking study was performed to understand the

mode of binding and identification of active site residues. Further results will be discussed.

Keywords: Thymoquinone, Nigella sativa, In-silico approach, Cytokines

OP26 - Studies on the benthic fauna of Kalpakkam region, Tamilnadu southeast

coast of India

P. Stalin*, A. Maruthirajan and P. Loganyaki

PG Department of Zoology Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram -631501. Tamil Nadu


ABSTRACT The communities of organisms that live on, or in, the bottom of a water body is known as “benthos”

and play an important role in transitional ecosystems. The Benthic invertebrates filtering phytoplankton and

then acting as a food source for larger organisms such as fish, they are linking primary production with

higher trophic levels. Benthic communities are often used as biological indicators because they can provide

information on environmental conditions either due to the sensitivity of single species (indicator

species).The present study is an attempt to map out the seasonal variation (Mar 2012 to Feb 2013) of macro

faunal diversity at different depth viz.0mt, 5mt, 10mt, and 20mt, in Kalpakkam region, Southeast coast of

India. A total of 66 species of macro fauna were recorded. Among them, polychaetes were found to be the

dominamt group (38 species), followed by bivalves (15 species) and gastropods (13 species). The density of

organisms varied from 62 during post monsoon at 10mt depth to 126 during summer at 20mt depth.

Similarly species diversity varied from 4.075 at 10mt in the sample collected during premonsoon to 4.935 at

20mt depth during summer. In a nutshell, the distribution of macro fauna was found to increase with

increasing depth and the probable reasons for the distribution pattern of organisms. In this study, the various

parameters such as, substratum, temperature, organic materials and nutrients play important role in the

distribution of benthos.

Keywords: Benthos, Macro fauna, Polychaetes, Bivalves, Gastropods


OP27 - Structural analysis of gene regulatory protein

V. Thiruselvam

1, T. S. Kumarevel

1 and M. N. Ponnuswamy

1*

1CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600-025.

2Structural Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi,

Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.


ABSTRACT RNA binding proteins controls gene regulation by various mechanisms, HutP is an RNA binding

regulatory protein. In hut operon, downstream genes were expressed by HutP antitermination mechanism.

HutP binding with single stand RNA only in the presence of cofactors. The conformational change during

Protein-RNA complex formation leads to destabilize the hairpin loop structure and regulate the gene

expression. Here, we present the cloning, purification, RNA binding assay, structural determination and

structural analysis of gene regulatory protein.

Keywords: Operon, Stuctural analysis, DNA, RNA

OP28 - Production and characterization of lipase from Aspergillus awamori

S. Devi and T. Sivakumar*

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Kanchi shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi,

Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India- 631 551.


ABSTRACT

The present study has been carried out to find out the lipase enzyme production by the fungus,

Aspergillus awamori. In commonly available natural waste such as, Caster oil cake, Gingilly oil cake and

groundnut oil cake collected from oil lotteries. The oil cake materials were diluted in the proportion of 11

grams of cakes dissolved in 100ml of water for the experimental work. Among the three natural waste

employed, the groundnut oil extract showed highest lipase activity at 48hrs of incubation. Hence, groundnut

oil waste was then preferred for further studies to design the production medium by supplementing different

carbon, nitrogen, micro and macro nutrients, inducer compounds and also by substituting different with all

these combination of gum Arabic with olive oil was also supplemented. The experiments were also carried

out at different pH (2-9) and temperature (0ºC-60 ºC) levels. The interesting observation in this line revealed

that, in Groundnut oil when different above-mentioned sources employed, the nitrogenous source like

peptone at 2.5% level, at 7.0pH under 38 ºC and at 48 hours of incubation exhibited maximum lipase

production using the fungus Aspergillus awamori. When the enzyme activity is analyzed or its stability at

different pH (6.3-9.3) and temperature (0ºC-60 ºC), using Groundnut oil extract was done in the initial phase

of study, showed maximum stability at pH 7.3 and 40ºC respectively. The above results are discussed with

relevant earlier literature.

Keywords: Aspergillus awamori,Lipase production, Optimization



OP29 - Effect of bacterial biofertilizers on the growth and yield of Phaseolus

vulgaris L. plants

R. Kalaiarasi and T. Sivakumar*



*Corresponding Author : [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of bacterial Biofertilizers on pulse crop

like Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. Bacterial biofertilizers like Rhizobium sp., Phosphobacteria and

Azospirillm sp. Azotobacter sp. were isolated from the soils of agricultural crops by employing plating

techniques. The isolation was done by selective medium such as Rhizobium medium and Yeast Extract

Mannitol Agar for Rhizobium sp., Pikovskaya’s agar for Phosphate solubilizing microbes and Semisolid agar

for Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp was isolated from Ashby’s Mannitol agar. The isolated bacterial

members were identified by Gram’s staining, motility and sugar fermentation methods. These bacterial

members were used as inoculants for seed treatments. Seeds of cowpea were treated with bacterial

biofertilizers, the treatment like Phosphobacteria, Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp Rhizobium sp. (Alone

inoculation), Phosphobacteria and Azospirillum, sp. Rhizobium sp. and Azotobacter sp (Dual inoculation)

and Rhizobium sp., Phosphobacteria and Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp. (Combined inoculation).

The microbial inoculants were sowed in sterile polythene bags containing sterilized soil samples.

Controls were also maintained without a bacterial biofertilizers. After 40 days of sowing, the plant growth

parameters like morphological and Bio-chemical parameters were analyzed in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants.

The morphological parameters like length of plant, number of leaves, breadth of leaves, length of leaves,

shoot length, number of flowers, root length, total length of plants were increased in combined inoculation

of Azotobacter sp, Rhizobium sp., Phosphobacteria and Azospirillum sp. Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants than

dual inoculations and control plants. Bio-Chemical parameters like Chlorophyll content, Protein,

Carbohydrate, Total free amino acids, Inorganic phosphorus, Reducing sugars, were also increased in

combined treatment of Azotobacter sp. Rhizobium sp., Phosphobacteria and Azospirillum sp. plants of

Phaseolus vulgaris L.. than dual inoculation and control platens. This might be due to production of plant

growth hormones and other plant growth substance. From the experiments, it is clearly proved that applying

bacterial biofertilizers considerably improve the growth and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L.. plants, Hence, it

could reduces the dose of other chemical fertilizer used, which cause pollution to the environment, it helps

the economically poor farmers.

Keywords: Biofertilizers, Phaseolus vulgaris, Bacteria

OP30 - A study on microbial diversity in marine ecosystem of Pichavaram,

Tamil Nadu

M. Mohan and T. Sivakumar*




ABSTRACT

The present study was confined to the Pichavaram ecosystem, Tamil Nadu comprising of five

different sampling stations. Water, sediment, seafoams and natural substrates were collected to isolate the


Microorganisms. All the collected samples were plated incubated and the Microbial colonies were

identified. The water and sediment sample were collected separately and analysed for temperature, pH,

dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, salinity, total dissolved solids.

A total of 41 species of microorganisms were isolated and enumerated by plating technique. In this

study, 27 species of microbes were recovered from sediment samples whereas water samples yielded 25

species and natural substrates with 12 species. From the sea foams, a total of 12 species were recorded.

Among the 41 species of microorganisms, 12 with bacteria, 24 with fungi and 5 with actinomycetes were

enumerated from two sampling stations. The physico-chemical parameters of water in two stations were

analysed and correlated with fungal diversity. From this investigation, we have concluded that the Microbial

biodiversity in Pichavaram ecosystem, Bacteria and Fungi was the common microbial genera among the

isolated from the study period. Microorganisms play an important role in decomposition of natural substrates

in estuarine ecosystem. The Microorganisms isolated from estuarine systems are mainly used in enzyme

technology, biochemical, agricultural, pharmaceutical, molecular biology and other applied research fields.

Keywords: Microbial diversity, Marine ecosystem, Parameters

OP31 - Isolation and purification of Cds nanoparticles from an actinomycete

V. Saranya and T. Sivakumar*




ABSTRACT

It's science on the smallest of levels. It's the truth in the statement that good things come in small

packages. The most traditional approaches to synthesis of nanoscale materials are energy inefficient, require

stringent synthesis conditions (e.g., high temperature, pressure, pH), and often produce toxic by products.

The use of different microorganisms in the synthesis nanoparticles is a relatively recent addition and have

several advantages over physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles. From the nanotechnology point of

view, identification of prokaryotic microorganisms such as actinomycetes in the extracellular synthesis of

metal nanoparticles should offer greater scope.

The cadmium sulphide nanoparticles were synthesized using an actinomycete namely

Thermomonospora sp. The work embodied here also aimed to partially purify a thermostable enzyme from

the alkalothermophilic (extremophilic) actinomycete. The enzymes had more advantages such as reduced

risk of microbial contamination, lower viscosity, improved transfer rates, and improved solubility of

substrates. The actinomycete was shown to synthesize CdS nanoparticles through an enzymatic pathway.

The proteins present in extracellular fluid play the role of capping agents, reducing agent and stabilizers.

They secrete enzymes when challenged that reduce metal ions. This conversion of sulfates to sulfides also

suggests evolutionary processes are at play.

The extracellular synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles makes it possible to harness and

immobilize/deposit such nanoparticles onto desired solid surfaces for different practical purposes with ease.

Reduction of the aqueous cadmium sulphate ions during exposure to the Thermomonospora sp. biomass was

easily followed by UV-vis spectroscopy. It is known that CdS nanoparticles exhibit pale-yellow color The

particles may be stabilized in solution by a capping agent that is likely to be proteins secreted by the

biomass. The biomass was colorless, indicating that the reduction of the cadmium sulphate ions took place

extracellularly. The low magnification TEM image clearly shows dense assembly of uniformly sized CdS

nanoparticles. The particles are essentially spherical and appear to be reasonably monodisperse. The

reduction of the metal ions and stabilization of the CdS nanoparticles are believed to occur by an enzymatic

process. From the nanotechnology point of view, identification of prokaryotic microorganisms such as

actinomycetes in the extracellular synthesis of metal nanoparticles should offer greater scope. The

actinomycete was in viable form even after 48 hours of incubation. This suggests that the CdS ions are not

toxic to the cells and the biological machinery of the organism is in functional state. There are minimum of

four proteins that are extracellularly secreted by Thermomonospora sp. The extracellular broth after

concentration and dialysis was chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex yielded some proteins in 100-mM


fraction with sulphite reductase activity. The DEAE-unbound proteinwere subjected to CM-Sephadex

column chromatography to partially purify the proteins.

Key words: Nanoparticles, Cadmium, Thermomonospora sp, DEAE-Sephadex

OP32 - Studies on the production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

and its antimicrobial activity on selected human pathogens

M. Diyani* and R. Sumathi

Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi,

Kancheepuram-631 551.

ABSTRACT Oil contaminated soil sample was collected from an automobile workshop and transported

to laboratory in sterile polythene bag. The diesel, petrol, kerosene and vegetable oil used in the

studies were collected from local pump and stored separately in bottles before being added

aseptically to the growth medium. Bushnell Hass (BH) liquid medium was used as the enrichment

medium with 1 %( v/v) diesel as the sole carbon source to isolate diesel degrading bacteria. Serial

dilutions (1/10) from the third enrichment process were plated out into BH agar plates, which

were covered with 100 µl of diesel oil and incubated at 30°C for approximately one week. The

single colonies were streaked into nutrient agar plates incubated at 30°C overnight and stored at

4°C until further use.The organism was identified morphologically by Gram’s staining, motility

test and biochemical tests. Screening of biosurfactant was carried out by Drop Collapsing

technique, Hemolytic activity, Oil displacement test and Emulsification stability test Optimization

of Growth was performed by using various parameters like pH, temperature, nitrogen source etc.

Biosurfactant production in MS medium with diesel, kerosene, petrol and vegetable oil as carbon

source was carried out. The biosurfactant was separated from the medium by acid precipitation

method and its preliminary characterization by TLC was done. The biosurfactant obtained was also

subjected to screening of its antimicrobial activity against selected human pathogens.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biosurfactant, Antimicrobial activity

~~~~~×~~~~~


Vol 4, Issue 2, -00, December 2014

ISSN: 2231-136X

ABSTRACTS – POSTER PRESEANTATION

National conference on Frontiers in Translational Microbiology

SANMICROFEST 2015

PP1- Antimicrobial activities of Pongamia glabra and Phyllanthus niruri

N. Mahalakshmi1,2*

, S Dhanasekaran1 C. Ravi

2, and S. Lingathurai

3

1Department of Zoology, Yadava College, Madurai

2Post Graduate Research Department of Zoology, Thiyagarajar College, Madurai

3Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men Kanchipuram

ABSTRACT The antibacterial and antifungal activities of chloroform, ethanol, acetone and aqueous

extracts of Pongamia glabra and Phyllanthus niruri leaves were screened. In antibacterial activity

assay followed by standard disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,

Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter aerogens. Among the all the treatments, chloroform extract

of P. glabra showed the highest activity against bacterial and fungal strains. Chloroform extract of

P. glabra showed the presence of phalobatannin, saponin, flavanoids, terpenoids, cardiac

glycosides, alkaloids, protein and aminoacids. P. niruri leaf extract showed the presence of tannin,

phlobatannin, flavanoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, protein and aminoacids.

Key words: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Pongamia glabra, Phyllanthus niruri, Phytochemicals

PP2 - Biodegradation of Synthetic Pyrethroid- Cyfluthrin by Enterobacter

asburiae from soil samples

S. Lingathurai1, 2

, P. Sivadurgadevi1*

and P. Hemavathi1

1P G Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram – 631 501

2Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai – 600 034

ABSTRACT Different agricultural soil samples were collected from fields where Cyfluthrin was applied.

Bacterial colonies were isolated from soil and screened for their ability to grow in the medium with

Cyfluthrin. The selected bacterial isolate was subjected to taxonomic identification and identified as

Enterobacter asburiae. E. asburiae and the reference strain Pseudomonas stutzeri were tested for

their efficiency of Cyfluthrin degradation. 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm concentrations of

the Cyfluthrin were selected for the study. The degradation of Cyfluthrin was studied by the

measurement of pH, estimation of carbon dioxide, esterase activity and turbidity. For both the

isolate and the reference strain the degradation efficiency was maximum in 500 ppm of Cyfluthrin.

The UV-Visible spectrometry predicts that the chemical nature of the initial has been changed and

this may be due to the process of degradation. HPLC analysis was done on the 10th

day of treatment

for the 500 ppm concentration of Cyfluthrin with the isolate and the reference strain. The peak with

a different retention time shows the presence of an intermediate compound.

Key words: Enterobacter asburiae, Cyfluthrin, Degradation, pH, Esterase activity, HPLC


PP3 - Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in Sargassum wightii and its

anticancer activity against PC-3 cell line

P. Jayaprakash, K. Sivakumari* and K. Ashok

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Chennai –5.

ABSTRACT

Sargassum is a genus of brown (class Phaeophyceae) macroalgae (seaweed) in the

order Fucales. Numerous species are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical oceans of

the world, where they generally inhabit shallow water and coral reefs. However, the genus may be

best known for its planktonic (free-floating) species. While most species within the class

Phaeophyceae are predominantly cold water organisms that benefit from nutrients upwelling, genus

Sargassum appears to be an exception to this general rule. Any number of the

normally benthic species may take on a planktonic, often pelagic existence after being removed

from reefs during rough weather. However, two species (S. natans and S. fluitans) have become

holopelagic -reproducing vegetatively and never attaching to the seafloor during their lifecycle.

The Atlantic Ocean's Sargasso Sea was named after the algae, as it hosts a large amount

of Sargassum. The aim of the work is to identify the phytocompounds present in it and to synthesis

and characterize silver nanoparticles from Sargassum wightii. Finally its bioactivity is assessed by

MTT assay for its cytotoxic potential against PC-3 cell line.

Key word: Phytochemicals, biosynthesis, silver nanoparticle and MTT assay.

PP4 – Overview of Bioremediation

S. Pavithra

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur , Kanchipuram

ABSTRACT

The process of bioremediation usually occur in water/soil environment, where by

compounds are broken down into less toxic compounds and also environmental friendly

compounds by microorganisms. It is widely useful to clean up the environment. mostly affect by

poly aromatic hydrocarbon are contaminate in the environment. It undergo chemicaloxidation,

mutagenic, and carcinogenicity. The bacteria able to degrade the toxic contaminants by using their

sole carbon and energy sources. Microbial communities play an important role in the biological

removal of pollutants. In natural process thorought the environment at low concentration, sufficient

for bacteria to develop degrading capacity. It is useful to degrade the oil contamination in the

environment. Toxicity estimated by the microx method was reduced to low levels and final

determined by HPLC confirmed the high degree of low and high molecular weight. The

environmental contaminants with heavy metals increased due to anthropogenic activites. A Marine

microbial consortium obtained from a beach contaminated by the oil spill proved highly degrade

the different hydro carbon families present in this heavy fuel oil.

Key words: Bioremediation, Microbial treatment, Contamination, Pollutant


PP5 – Uses of genetically modified microbes

S. Umamageshwari, D. Ramya and M. Anusuyadevi

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram – 631561

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Genetically engineered (GE) insect-resistant crops that express proteins from Bacillus

thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely adopted in the two field crops currently commercially

available, Bt cotton and Bt corn. However, the development and commercialization of Bt

vegetables has lagged in comparison, which is unfortunate since vegetables tend to be insecticide-

intensive crops due to high pest pressure and cosmetic standards required for the market. While it is

often stated that consumer choice has played a major role in companies avoiding development of Bt

vegetables, this concept requires re-evaluation. In market studies in North America when

consumers have been provided basic information about Bt genetic engineering, then given a choice

between Bt and conventional sweet corn, they have often preferred the former.

Key words: Genetically modified, Genetic Engineering, Bacillus thuringiensis

PP6 - Synthesis of silver nanoparticle using plant extract and its applications

U. Prakash

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram - 631 561.


ABSTRACT

Synthesis of silver nanoparticle in various applications such as water born pathogens, anti

bactirial activities, larvicidal activities and microbial activities. Using various plant extracts are

Acalypha indica leaf,Artemisia nilagirica,Eclipta prostrata leaf and Papaya fruit extract. In this

analysis synthesis of nano particles is conformed by using UV-VIS spectrum, Scanning Electron

Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy

(EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Further, where synthesized silver nano particles from

Acalypha indica tested against water born pathogens Viz., Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae,

Nanoparticle produce Artemisia nilagirica tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtills,

Escherichia coli, Proteus subtills. Nanoparticle produce Eclipta prostrata tested against C.

quinquefasciatus and A. subpictus. Synthesis of nanoparticle from papaya fruit extract against

diffrent multi drug resistent of human pathogens.

Key words: Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Applications, Characterization


PP7 - Antidiabatic activity of Annona muricata on streptococci

Diabetics induced albino rat

M. Sumithra, V. Vaitheeswarai and C. Vijayameena


ABSTRACT

Annona muricata acts as ideal both antidiabetic drug since it possess both hypoglycaemic

and antioxidant properties without any adverse effects. STZ is dibetogenic because it selectively

destroys the insulin producing beta cells by inducing necrosis. Animals with STZ induced diet had

a significant diminution in hexokinase (111.34 u mol/mg) and elevation of glucose b phosphatase

(27.38u mol/mg) compared to the untreated control group (144.94u mol/mg) and (22.19u mol/mg).

After the treatment of diabetic rats with methanol extract of leaf of Annona muricata is a significant

recovery (136.66u mol/mg) and (21.38u mol/mg) was noted when compared to the standard drug

(132.42u mol/mg) and 266.14u mol/mg. The glycogen level in the liver of diabetic rats was

significantly recovered in the levels of glycogen 41.6u mol/mg compared to the standard drug

43.18u mol/mg catalase and peroxidase activities in the liver were significantly decreased in the

diabetics rats with the methanol extract of the leaf of Annona muricate the activity of this enzymes

were increased (3.71 unit/mg and 2.48 unit/mg) significantly compared to the standard drug

(3.27unit/mg and 2.44unit/mg) respectively. Lipid peroxidase levels in the liver well increased

significantly after treated with the methanolic extract of the leaf of Annona muricata had a

significant diminution in the levels of lipid proxidase (10.30unit/mg) when compared to standard

drug (10.69 unit/mg). The present study indicated that there was a significant reduction in the blood

glucose concentration of diabetes in the blood glucose concentration of diabetes rates by Annoa

muricata treatment.

Key words: Annona muricata; Diabetic; Glycogen

PP8 - Studies on the cryopreservation of different bull sperm (HF Gross, HF,

Mura, Jersy)

S. Dinesh Kumar and M. Pratheeba*


Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The present study document the cryopreservation of bull sperm different variety (Hf Gross,

Hf, Mura, Jersy) was experimented with a variety of cryoprotectants for short term storage.

Cryoprotectants toxicity assay on sperm clearly indicated that 15% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

yielded maximum motility (86.19±4.92 %) and viability (72.53± 2.01 %), at 15min equilibration

time. Whereas motility of 82.22 ± 3.01 % and viability of 70.89 ±2.08% were observed with 15%

ethanol. However, other cryoprotectants such as glycerol, methanol, propanediol, and ethanediol

resulted in low percentage of sperm viability and motility. The highest motility and viability was


recorded in HF gross and minimum in Jersy sample. Biochemical components such as protein, lipid

and carbohydrate decreased substantially. Similarly biomarker enzyme (Viz) acid phosphatase

(ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) also declined in

cryopreserved groups compared to control. The results clearly document that 15% DMSO and 10%

ethanol with HBSS extender at dilution ratio 1:10 at --196º C, proved to be suitable for

cryopreservation of different variety of bull sperm.

Key words: Cryoprotectants, Osmolality, Sperm, Viability

PP9 - Studies on the effect of tributyltin on the reproductive organs in the freshwater

fish Channa punctatus (bloch)

K. H. Pavithra and K. Umaa Rani*



ABSTRACT

The present study documents the effects of tributyltin (TBT) on different Reproductive organs in

the Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus was studied, at varying concentrations of TBT (0.80 ppm, 0.90

ppm, 1.00 ppm and 2.00 ppm) for 30 days exposure period. The fishes were collected from vaiyavoor

village, Kancheepuram district. All the concentrations of TBT resulted disrupted the activity of different

organs such as gill, liver, muscle and kidney evidenced by Architecture of organs compared to control.

Histological results clearly indicated that the control fish showed normal architecture and the treatment

showed abnormal structure evidenced the irregular morphology. At 0.90 ppm TBT treated organs showed,

abnormality swelling and enlargement of the primary lamellae and distortions of interfilamental lamellae.

TBT at 1.00 ppm resulted in Hepatocytes exhibited many large electron dense lipid droplets, enlarged

nuclei and surface damage in the nuclear. TBT at 2.00 ppm resulted devoid gill, liver muscle and kidney of

normal structure. Biochemical constituents also significantly decreased in all concentrations of different

organs. Thus, the study amply demonstrates that the TBT substantially reduced the level and also

biochemical constituents which ultimately led to impairment of architecture in the freshwater fish Channa

punctatus.

Key words: Channa punctatus, Tributyltin, Gill, Liver, Muscle, Lamellar

PP10 - Studies on the effect of unilateral and bilateral eyestalk ablation in male

and female prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De man)

S. Vishnu Priya and B. Ramesh*


ABSTRACT

Fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii has attracted more attension in the recent

years due to its export potential and increasing demand as luxury protein.Aim of the study is to find

out the effect of eyestalk ablation on the reproductive tissues in M.rosenbergii. This investigation


includes studies on the bodyweight and gonodal growth in male prawn and ovary in female

subjected to etestalk ablation.Growth of unilateral and bilateral was measured without ablation

(control). Then the prawn was ablated compared to control(50.3±1.56gm) There was increase in

bodyweight compared to control at 45 days exposure. Similarly increase in GSI and HIS. The

weight was recorded as 27.65±2.92gm in unilateral and bilateral treated prawn compared to control

(25.64±3.15; 27.65±2.92gm). There is increase in seminiferous tubules and yolk globules. Lipid

and protein content is increase in testis and ovary recorded by histopathological testing.

Key words: Prown, M. rosenbergii, GSI, HIS, Histopathology

PP11 - Impact of heavy metal pollutants (mercury and cadmium) on

biochemical and histological changes in the fresh water fish Clarias batrachus

(Linn.)

J. Selvanathan, P. Prabu, R. Harikrishnan, G. L. Sudhakar

Dept of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s college for men, Kanchipuram


ABSTRACT

More and more of our habitats are being deteriorated day by day due to increased

environmental pollution by means of various anthropogenic activities. The industrial effluents that

contain toxic substances like heavy metals, pesticides and other chemicals are discharged into the

water bodies. The basic effluents may create either physical stress or chemical stress or biological

stress or in conglomeration, it makes an environmental stress. Clarias batrachus, an omnivore

freshwater fish is a popular delicacy relished throughout tropical Asia. It is a prominent culture

species because of its hardness and fast growth rate. It is a pelagophile and planktonphagous

species. During larval stages it feeds on unicellular algae. It is an economically important pan fish,

cultured in fresh water as well as in brackish water ponds in tropical countries. In order to evaluate

the acute and the chronic toxicity effects on Clarias bactrachus Hg distribution among Gill,

liver,muscle, kidney and brain tissues have been examined. The present study has been initiated to

find the susceptibility of the fresh water Clarias batrachus to potentially hazardous heavy metals

like mercury and cadmium. The histological changes on fish is a noteworthy and promising field to

understand the extent to which changes in the structural organization are occurring in the organs

due to environmental pollution. Hence measures to be taken to overcome such deleterious effects

will be the need of the hour.

Key words: Clarias batrachus, Heavy metal, Pollutants, Mercury, Cadmium

PP12 - Mucosal immunity in innate immune system

D. Malathy

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram - 631

561.


ABSTRACT

Mucosal immunity is portion of the immune system which provide production to an

organism various mucous membranes from invasions by potentially pathogenic microbes .It


provides three main function protecting the mucous membrane against infection ,preventing the

uptake of Antigen,microorganism ,and other foreign materials and moderating the organisms

immunereponse to that material.the mucosal immune system at the gastrointestinal barrier .The

intestinal epithelium :first line of defense. Innate immune defense mechanisms in the

gastrointestinal tract, adaptive immune defense. The mucosal immune system of the oral-

pharyngeal cavity must prevent pathogen entry while maintaining immune homeostasis ,which is

achieved portion via a rang of mechanism that are utilized thegastrointestinal immune system and

Tcell subsets and their functions that is current understanding of oral-pharyngeal mucosal immune

system .Impact of HIV on mucosal immunity .lmpect of HIV on FGT immunity ,GALT ,impect of

sexual activity on the FGTand implication for HIV production. regulatory T cell. The article

Key words: Mucosal immunity, Immune system, HIV, GALT

PP13 - NF-KB – A notable factor in innate immune system

R. Indira and Guru Prasad S*

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram - 631 561.


ABSTRACT NF-KB, known as Nuclear factor Kappa B is the eukaryotic transcription factor. This

orchestrates the signaling factor in all the biological processes to stimulate the immune system.

This factor is present naturally in our body. Any kind of stimuli initiates the activation of the NF-

KB factor. The NF-KB is a conserved region with 300 amino acids and N-terminal domain.

Immune systems contains a family of mechanisms within the cell to protect the organisms against

infection. The NF-KB plays a prominent role in the regulation of immunity, stress response,

apoptosis, ubiquitination, muscle regeneration etc., The NF-KB is the one, which is downstream in

the Interleuin (IL) and Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The innate immune response is

the outcome of the intracellular signals. The IL and the TLRs form the base of the innate response

to combat the invading pathogens. Interactions between these immune molecules is still the interest

for many researchers. This articles summarizes the role of NF-KB in the innate immune response

with focus on the IL and TLR pathway. This will serve as a baseline for the better understanding of

the molecule of complexity – NF-KB.

Key words: NF-KB, Interleukin (IL), Toll like receptor (TLR), Cell signaling, Innate immune

response

PP14 - My enemies enemies is my friend – bacteriophage therapy

R. Priya, S. Vanilla, S. Abirami and S. Kumaran*



ABSTRACT

Phage therapy is the application of bacteria specific viruses to combat uncontrolled and

undesired bacteria such as those associated with infectious disease. bacteriophage intensives

studies on the therapeutic use of phage for treating infectious diseases were taken up in 1920.

Vibrio cholerae was first bacteria against which phage therapy was tried but the activity of

phage was found to be much higher invitro than invivo. phage for a given bacterium can be


isolated wherever that bacterium grows such as faeces, sewage, soil, hot spring, oceans, water

from ganges has been found to be rich source of Vibro phage. Phage therapy in agriculture,

food processing, and fishery industry is already being successful applied phage therapy trials in

chicken and phage therapy against bacterial pathogen in agriculture and of fishery, phage therapy

against bacterial infection in animals and human. invitro lytic activity of phages, showing with

plaque formation in the bacterial lawn of pseudomonas fluorescence . phage therapy as an

approach to present Vibrio anguillarum infection in fish larvae production .fish larvae in

aquaculture have high mortality rates due to pathogenic bacteria especially the Vibrio sp

and ineffective prophylactic strategies. Vaccination is not feasible in larvae and antibiotics

have reduced efficacy against multidrug resistant bacteria.

Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Alternative medicine, Biocontrol

PP15 - Development of antifouling compound against biofouling bacteria S. Venniala, R. Priya and S. Kumaran*



ABSTRACT

Biofouling constitutes a problem for the technical reliability of offshore wind forms,

because of corrosion damage by boring organisms and increased frictional drag by waves. It is

difficult to control, and significant economic resources have been dedicated to the development of

effective biofouling monitoring and control strategies. This paper highlights the underlying causes

of membrane biofouling and provides a review on recent developments of potentials monitoring

and control methods in water and wastewater treatment with the aim of identifying the remaining

issues and challenges in this area. The novel antifouling compound to control the biofouling

problem. The actinomycetes producing effective novel compound against biofouling organisms. So

in future i can support to control the biofouling.

Key words: Biofilm, Extracellular polymeric substances, Biofouling control, Antifouling

PP16 - Bio active compound from marine actinomycetes and their anti-

microbial properties Nivesh Narayanan and S. Kumaran*



ABSTRACT

Acinomycetes are one of the most efficient group of secondary metabolite producers and are

very important from an industrial point of view among its various genera, streptomyces,

sacropolyspora, amycoplast micromonspora and actinoplanes are the major producers of

commercially important biomolecules several species have been isolated and screened from the

water in the plast decades the most relevant reasons for discovering noval secondary metabolites is

to circumvent the problem of resistant pathogens ,which are no longer succestible to the currently

used drugs existence of actinomycetes has been reported in the hitherto untapped marine

ecosystem. Marine actinomycetes are efficient producers of new secondary metabolites that shows

a range of biological activities including antibacterial antifungal, anticancer, insecticidal and

enzyme inhibition. Bioactive compounds from marine actinomycetes possess distinct chemical

structure that may from the basics for synthesis of new drugs that could be used to combat resistant

pathogens

Key words: Actinomycetes, Bioactive compounds, Metabolites


PP17 - Biodiesel production from waste

Y. Sarumathi and S. Kumaran*



ABSTRACT

Bio-diesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional (or)FOSSIL diesel can be produced

from straight from animal fats /oil and vegetable .The process used to convert these oils to bio

diesel is called Transestrification. most bio-diesel produced at present is produced from waste

vegetable oil sourced from restaurants, chip shops, industrial food producers such as birdseye etc.,

though oil straight from the agricultural industry represents the greatest potential source it in not

being produced commercially simply. Because the raw oil is too expensive after the cost of

converting it to bio-diesel has been added on it is simply too expensive to compete with fossil

diesel.

Key word: Biodiesel, Waste, Transestrifiation

PP18 - Studies on the isolation of fresh water microalgae Chlorella sp and its

antimicrobial activity on selected pathogens

G. Navaneetham* and R. Sumathi

Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi,

Kancheepuram-631 551.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to isolate and optimize the fresh water microalgae

Chlorella sp. cultivated under controlled conditions. Isolation of Chlorella sps was carried out in

the laboratory from fresh water sample using BG 11 medium. Then it was optimized for its growth

using four different medium viz., Bold basal medium(BBM), CFTRI medium, Bangladesh medium

No.3 and Zarrouk’s medium etc. Bold Basal medium was found to be the optimal medium for

enhanced growth of Chlorella. The mass cultivation of Chlorella was further carried under

controlled conditions using BBM. The analysis of Chlorophyll a and b was performed and also the

phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Chlorella sp. was done. Finally antimicrobial

susceptibility testing using algal extracts by AWD assay was performed. The zone of inhibition

observed were 15mm (Staphylococcus aureus), 18 mm (Escherichia coli) and 20mm (Klebsiella

sp). This shows presence of the antimicrobial substance in the algal extract which is to be further

characterized.

Key words: Microalgae, Chlorella, Ethanolic extract, antimicrobial activity


PP19 - Diversity of bacterial flora in the vermicasts and gut of earthworm Perionyx ceylanensis

reared in pressmud

J.Devi1 and M. Prakash

2*

1Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi – 631 551,

Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Vermicomposting is as a bio-oxidative process in which earthworms interact intensively with

microorganisms and other fauna within the decomposer community, accelerating the stabilization of

organic matter and modifying its physical and biochemical properties. The action of the earthworms in

this process is physical or mechanical. Physical participation in degrading organic substrates results in

fragmentation, thereby increasing the surface area of action, turnover and aeration. On the other hand,

biochemical changes in the degradation of organic matter are carried out by microorganisms through

enzymatic digestion, enrichment by nitrogen excrement and transport of inorganic and organic

materials. In the present study, an attempt has been made to vermicompost pressmud amended with

cowdung (CD) employing Perionyx ceylanensis earthworm in order to transform it into a value added

product, i.e., vermicompost. Total bacterial count and bacterial sps was also analyzed in the

vermicasts and gut of the earthworms. Vermicomposting of pressmud resulted in net reduction in ash

content and total organic carbon but increment in total Kjeldhal nitrogen, total potassium and total

phosphorous was achieved after 90 days of worms’ activity. The results of the study revealed that the

vermicasts showed increased bacterial population count in pressmud + cow dung medium than worm

unworked (control) medium. In the present study, a total of 12 different bacterial sps were identified

in the vermicasts and gut of Perionyx ceylanensis. Hence, mass rearing and maintaining the

earthworm, Perionyx ceylanensis and can be used for composting the pressmud. Then, the compost

may be used as an organic fertilizer since it has appropriate macronutrients, micronutrients and

microorganisms that may support the plant growth.

Key words: Perionyx ceylanensis, Pressmud, Vermicomposting, Inorganic, Organic materials

PP20 - Vermicomposting of vegetable waste using Eisenia fetida with a note

on its physico-chemical and microbiological features

Pavithra and M. Prakash*

Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts & Science, Kilambi – 631 551,

Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The increasing waste generation rate, high collection cost and dwindling financial resources

are the major problems faced by most of the developing countries for efficient solid waste

management. In some cities, the organic wastes (vegetable waste) are dumped indiscriminately or

littered on the streets causing environmental deterioration. Biological processes such as composting

are followed by Vermicomposting to convert vegetable waste as valuable nutrient source, namely

manure. The aim of this study was to convert fruit waste amended with cow dung and soil into

Vermicompost using Eisenia fetida. Vegetable waste was mixed with cow dung in 1: 1 ratio and the


two varieties of earthworm were introduced individually. Vermicomposting was performed for the

period of 45 days. Vermicomposting of Vegetable waste resulted in net reduction of TOC (Total

Organic Carbon) (19.01-13.02%), Phosphorus (0.75-1.06mg/L) and C: N (Carbon: Nitrogen) ratio

(21.80-11.21%) but it has resulted in an increase of TKN (Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen) (0.65-1.51%),

pH (7.86-8.5) & EC (Electrical Conductivity) (312.48-354.13 Sm⎯1) with Eisenia fetida. The

Microbial study of vermicompost revealed the presence of Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas

and Enterobacter species which have helped in degradation process.

Key words: Eisenia fetida, Vegetable waste, Vermicomposting, inorganic, Organic materials

PP21 - Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous solution of Polianthes

tuberosa root extract and characterization of their antibacterial and cytotoxicity

activity

M.Ramesh and G.Suresh

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram

Metal nanoparticles, which have a high specific surface area and a high fraction of surface

atoms, have been studied extensively because of their unique physicochemical characteristics

including antimicrobial activity. The dried flower of Polianthes tuberosa was collected from

agricultural form in Chitoor, Andra pradesh. Polianthes tuberosa aqueous flower extracts have

been effectively used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. We have demonstrated the use of a

natural, renewable and low-cost bioreducing agent. The spectroscopic characterization from UV–

visible, FTIR and SEM-EDX supports the stability of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Structural

analysis by XRD together strongly suggests formation of elemental silver nanoparticles. The size of

the particles is found to be not more than 15nm as deduced from SEM measurement. The PtAgNPs

exhibited a good effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a zone of

inhibition of 15 mm and 14 mm, respectively. When these results were compared with standard

antibiotic, it was found that the PtAgNPs were more effective against Bacillus subtilis. PtAgNPs

exhibit strong cytotoxicity in vero cells at various range of concentration in visible observation.

Future research will focus on crystallographic structure prediction of PtAgNPs and anticancer

potential of PtAgNPs.

Key words: Polianthes tuberose, FTIR, SEM-EDX, vero cells

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AUTHOR GUIDELINES

Authors willing to submit their manuscript are requested to carefully go through the

guidelines as given below, [The papers submitted without following this style and format will not

undergo review process, and will be returned to authors].

Article Types

Three types of manuscripts may be submitted: Regular articles, Short Communications,

Reviews.

All portions of the manuscript must be typed double-spaced and all pages numbered starting

from the title page.

The Title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper.

The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, briefly present the

topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data, and point out major

findings and conclusions. Following the abstract, about 3 to 6 Keywords that will provide

indexing should be listed. The Introduction should provide a clear statement of the

problem, the relevant literature on the subject. Materials and Methods should be complete

enough to allow experiments to be reproduced. Results should be presented with clarity and

precision. The Discussion should interpret the findings in view of the results obtained in

this and in past studies on this topic. State the Conclusion in a few sentences at the end of

Discussion. The Acknowledgment of people, grants, funds, etc should be

brief. Tables should be kept to a minimum and be designed to be as simple as possible.

Figure should be prepared using JPEG file.

References Citation in text:

In the text, references to the literature should be made by author's name followed by year of

publication arranged by alphabetical order first, then by year of publication:

. . . studies by Briggs (1975) reveal . . .

. . . earlier reports (Anderson and Stevens, 1977; Mahler, 1976; 1977), . . .

When references are made to more than one paper by the same author, published in the same

year, they are to be designated in the text as (Hinck et al., 1994a, b) and in the reference list as

follows:

Single Author Paper:

o Manahan SE (1994) Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnol Prog 11:235–250

Multi Author Paper:

o Jiang R, Huang S, Chow TA, Yang J (2009) Nitric oxide removal from flue gas with

a biotrickling filter using Pseudomonas putida. J Hazard Mater 164:432-441

Book: o Levitt J (1980) Responses of plants to environmental stresses, Vol. 2, Academic

Press, New York.

Chapter in a book: o Asada K, Takahashi M (1987) Production and scavenging of active oxygen in

photosynthesis. In: D. J. Kyle, B. Osmond and C. J. Arntzen (Eds.), Photoinhibition,

Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 227-287.

Proofs: Electronic proofs will be sent (e-mail attachment) to the corresponding author as a PDF

file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript.

Please submit your manuscript via e-mail (preferred) to: [email protected]

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