bga presentation buenos aires.pdf.4d1u666

Framework conditions for exporting

to the German market

Marcus Schwenke

Director Import Department

Federation of German Wholesale, Foreign Trade and Services

Berlin, 19 November 2013

About the Federation of German Wholesale and Foreign

Trade (BGA)

• Membership

• Mission and priorities

I. BGA – Who we are

• The BGA was originally founded in 1916, and refounded after

the Second World War (1949).

• Since 2000 in Berlin

• Around 30 employees

BGA – the umbrella organisation for international trade

and wholesale



• BGA represents the interests of some 70 business associations

• 26 regional employers’ associations

• 43 sector associations

(incl. food and agricultural sector)

• Member associations represent

some 120.000 companies

• 1,6 million employees

• € 1.8 billion turnover

I. BGA – Food and Agricultural Sector

• BGA represents the following wholesale and foreign trade

associations in the food and agricultural sector:

Fruits and vegetables

Eggs, Poultry and Game

Coffee

Meat

Flowers

Cereals

Processed Food

Beverages

Hides and Skins

Cash and Carry (Self Service Wholesale sector)

I. BGA – What we do

• Political representation of the members in Berlin and Brussels

• Regular information about relevant topics (e.g. taxes, infrastructure,

trade policy, collective bargaining, environmental policies)

• Platform for the exchange of information

• Public relations

• Contacts with companies and relevant organisations

I. BGA – What we stand for

• Trade and international competition lead to global growth, prosperity

and employment.

• Governance in form of a „Social Market Economy“ with strong ordo-

liberal elements.

• Trade barriers reduction - benefits growth and employment

especially in the medium and long term

• Globalisation requires flexibility, speed, innovative distribution

channels, modern marketing ideas ans sophisticated logistics.

I. BGA – What we do regarding import

• Reduction of barriers to trade with developing or emerging countries

• Advocacy for the promotion of import issues with regard to negotiations of free

trade agreements

• Modernisation / liberalisation of EU trade defense measures (antidumping)

• Matchmaking of projects of the official German development assistance and

the import interests

• Import Promotion Desk


+ for the promotion of the import activities of the Federal Republic of Germany

+ the sustainable and well-structured import promotion for

specific products from selected developing and emerging countries – under compliance with high quality, social and environmental standards

+ the gobally active development organisation sequa gGmbH and the Federation of German Wholesale, Foreign Trade and Services (BGA)

+ the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

THE PLATFORM

THE OBJECTIVE

IMPLEMENTED BY

FUNDED BY

Import Promotion Desk (IPD) –

Successful export to Germany and Europe


of German importers with those of exporters from selected

developing and emerging markets in a targeted manner

exactly suited to the individual requirements of exporters

and German importers

+ to the German and European market for suppliers from

selected developing countries

+ to enable the partner countries to enhance their

economic structures

+ between German buyers and reliable suppliers in the

emerging growth markets of the partner countries

+ to give German importers access to

new, profitable supply chains

in selected developing countries

CONSOLIDATING INTERESTS

OFFERING CUSTOMISED SERVICES

FACILITATING ACCESS

ARRANGING BUSINESS CONTACTS

IPD - Connecting the German import community

with intern. trade players


IPD – Tapping new markets

Current partner countries

● Egypt

● Indonesia

● Peru

Sectors

● Fresh and (semi-) processed fruit and

vegetables, nuts

● Natural ingredients for the food,

pharmaceutical and cosmetic sector

● Technical wood

- Overview of presentation -

I. About the Federation of German Wholesale and Foreign

Trade (BGA)

II. Trade relations between Argentina and the EU/Germany

III. Importing to Germany - general requirements

IV. The German market for imported products – Example:

foodstuff

V. Traceability in the food supply chain

VI. Product labeling in the area of food

VII. Food quality certifications

VIII. Conclusion

II. Trade relations Germany - Argentina

Important partners in world trade

• Argentina is Germany’s third most important trading partner in Latin America,

after Brazil and Mexico.

• More than 5 per cent of Argentina’s total imports come from Germany, making

Germany the country’s fourth most important supplier, after Brazil, China and

the USA.

• Among buyers of Argentine exports, Germany ranks ninth.


2010 % 2011 % 2012 %

Import from

Argentinia

1,8 20,0 2,3 27,8 1,9 - 17,4

Export to

Argentinia

2,4 71,4 2,7 12,5 2,7 0

-0,6 -0,4 -0,8

Foreign trade balance (Billion Euro)

Argentinia‘s rank in trade with Germany (2012):

For exports –No. 46

For imports –No. 46

II. German Foreign Trade with Agricultural Goods

(2012)

Imports: 73,1 Billion €

Exports: 60,3 Billion €

Trade Deficit: 12,8 Billion €

Germany is the world’s 3rd biggest import nation.

Germany in international agricultural trade:

No. 2 for imports

No. 3 for exports

II. German Foreign Trade with Agricultural Goods

Unit: billion Euros

II. Origin of Food and Agricultural Imports

to Germany (2012)

Others: 8,3%

II. Main food and agricultural products imported

to Germany (2012)

• Oilseeds

• Meat and meat products

• Milk and milk products

• Preserved/ tinned fruit

and vegetables

• Coffee

• Fresh/ tropical fruits

• Fish and seafood

II. Main food and agricultural products exported

from Argentina to Germany (2012)

• 15 % of all exports are meat and meat products.

Germany is the biggest buyer of Argentine beef in the EU.

• Oilcake: 11 % of exports.

• Vehicles and vehicle parts: 14 % of exports

• 30 % of the honey imported by Germany

comes from Argentina

III. Importing to Germany - general requirements

Overview:

• Custom procedures

• Food and feed safety

• Plant safety

• Animal health

• Some restrictions

• General liability for products

German product liability law (ProdHaftG)

Liability for producers in the German civil law code (BGB)

Product safety law GPSG (technical products)

III. Importing to Germany – customs and quotas

Custom - procedures

• Registering as an economic operator (EORI number)

• Entry Summary Declaration (ENS)

• Customs approved treatments

Release for free circulation

Transit procedure

Customs warehousing

Inward processing

Temporary importation

Entry into a free zone or warehouse

• Customs declaration - Single Administrative Document (SAD)

• Value for Customs purposes

III. Importing to Germany – customs and quotas

Oilseeds and protein crops

• The EU no longer has any specific support measures for oilseeds. About two-thirds of the oilseeds

consumed in the EU each year are produced in the EU but the EU imports about half the oilseed meals

used annually in animal feed.

• As of 2012, the EU no longer has any specific support measures for protein crops. Import tariffs for the

main protein crops are set at zero.

• Tariffs on oilseeds and on oilseed meals are zero, whereas duties on vegetable oils (except olive oil) range from 0

to 12.8%, as set out in the table below.

CN code Description Duty

1201 – 12 07 Oilseeds Free

1507,1508,1511,1512,1513, 1514,

1515

Vegetable oils,other than olive oil Free to 12.8%

2304 – 2306 Oilseed meals

Free

III. Importing to Germany – food and feed safety

Imports of foodstuffs must comply with general conditions:

General principles and requirements of food law:

• Traceability - importers of food and feed products must identify and register

the supplier in the country of origin

• General rules on hygiene of foodstuffs and hygiene specifications for food of

animal origin

• Rules on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs

• Rules on residues, pesticides, veterinary medicines and contaminants

• Special rules on genetically modified food and feed, bio proteins and novel

foods

• Special rules on certain groups of food products (e.g. mineral waters, cocoa,

quick-frozen food)

• Specific marketing and labeling requirements for feed materials

• General rules on materials intended to come

into contact with foodstuffs

III. Importing to Germany – plant health

EU-Phytosanitary requirements

Exports of plants and plant products to the EU must:

• be accompanied by a plant-health certificate issued by the relevant competent

authorities of the exporting country

• undergo customs and phytosanitary inspections at the point of entry into the

EU (border)

• be imported into the EU by an importer registered in the official register of an

EU country

• be announced before arrival to the customs office at the point of entry.

Specific conditions apply for:

• oil and fibre plants; cereals; vegetables; seed potatoes;

beet (sugar and fodder); vines; fruit plants; fodder plants;

ornamental plants; forests

III. Importing to Germany – animal health

Imports of animals and animal products must meet the applicable health

standards and international obligations

General rules:

• the exporting country must be on a list of countries authorized to export the

category of products concerned to the EU

• products of animal origin may be imported into the EU only if they come

from approved processing establishments in the exporting country

• all imports of animals and animal products must be accompanied by a

health certificate signed by an official veterinarian of the competent

authority in the exporting country

• every consignment is subject to health checks at the border inspection post

(BIP) in the EU country of arrival.


• Competent veterinary authority which is responsible throughout the food chain

• Country or region of origin must fulfill the relevant animal health standards

• The national authorities must also guarantee that the relevant hygiene and

public health requirements are met.

• A monitoring system must be in place to verify

compliance with EU requirements on residues of

veterinary medicines, pesticides and contaminants

• Imports only authorized from approved establishments

• Exporting countries have to apply for determination of their BSE status.

• An inspection by the Commission’s Food and Veterinary Office

is necessary to confirm compliance with the above requirements.

Example: Import conditions for meat or meat products


Approval

number

Name City Regions Activities Remark Date of

request

13 JBS

Argentina

S.A.

Rosario Santa Fe PP 22, 23,

24, B

PP Processing Plant

22 Meat products

23 Meat extracts and any powdered products

derived from meat

24 Treated stomachs, bladders and intestines

(other than casings)

Example: Approved establishments for exporting meat to the EU

III. Importing to Germany – bans and restrictions

Import licenses for agricultural products

Imports of following agricultural products must be accompanied by an import

license:

• Cereals and rice

• Olive oil

• Sugar

• Milk products

• Beef and veal

• Sheep meat and goat meet

• Wine:

• Alcohol

• Garlic

III. Importing to Germany – general liability for

products

• German Product Liability Act

(Produkthaftungsgesetz)

• EU-Regulation (EG) Nr. 178/2002

• German Food and Feed Act

(Lebensmittel und Futtermittelgesetz)

• Tortious liability

according to § 823 German Civil Law Code

IV. The German market for imported products (food)

Overview:

• The German consumer – some characteristics

• Crisis management in Germany

Example: Sprout scandal/EHEC

Example: Horse meat scandal

• Legislative trends and developments:

Origin labeling of processed meat & fresh meat

Origin labeling of meat as an ingredient

Ban or labeling of meat from slaughter without stunning

Animal welfare initiative (QS)

Traceability – food and non-food


The German consumer –

some characteristics

• Quality is important

• Price is more important

• Only few prefer to buy locally, but rising

• German consumers are skeptical - want independent evidence

that a product works / is of high quality.

• Organic food and vegan food is a fast growing niche

• Convenient/ functional food (ready-to-eat, cut and mixed, pre-

ripened fruits)

• “Super fruits” with big health benefits (Acai, pomegranate,

blueberry, goji berry, yumberry, etc).


CSR is used as a risk- and reputation management

tool by retailers

● Germany’s food markets are oversaturated

● Quality and food safety level is high in Germany

● Retailers are the gatekeepers in the food market

● There is strong competition among Germany’s food

retailers

● Retailers mainly compete on prices

● BUT: Retailers do not want to be blamed of not

acting responsible

Growing importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)


Retailers make their company more sustainable and

adopting the assortment

● Increasing energy efficiency

● Making the assortment more sustainable

● Telling stories about sustainability activities

As focal enterprises in the value chain retailers can set and

enforce private standards

● Retailers define and set relevant private standards

● Retailers are not prevented by the WTO framework to set

standards above the Codex Alimentarius standard

● Retailers can enforce the standards


Crisis management in Germany

Example: Sprout scandal/E.coli

• A novel strain of Escherichia coli O104:H4 bacteria caused a serious outbreak of

foodborne illness in northern Germany in May through June 2011.

• 3,950 people were affected and 53 died, 51 of which were in Germany

• German officials made incorrect statements on the likely origin and strain of

Escherichia coli. The German health authorities incorrectly linked the O104 serotype

to cucumbers imported from Spain

• Authorities also identified an organic farm in Lower Saxony, Germany, which

produces a variety of sprouted foods, as the likely source of the E. coli outbreak. The

farm has since been shut down

• Later, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, announced that seeds of fenugreek

(heno griego) imported from Egypt were likely the source of the outbreak.

Spain expressed anger about having its produce linked with the

outbreak, which cost Spanish exporters 200M US$ per week.


Crisis management in Germany

Example: Horse meat scandal

• Packages of beef lasagna found in Great Britain, that

contained between 60 % and 100% horse meat

• Also found horsemeat in frozen beef burgers.

• Beef products also found in Germany, Belgium,

Denmark and other countries that contained different

levels of horse meat.

• The origin of the horse meat was Romania. It was

sold as horse meat to a company in France which

had knowingly sold the horse meat as beef.

• Horsemeat was much cheaper than other meats such

as beef in Romania


Legislative trends and developments:

• Origin labeling of processed food & fresh meat (swine, sheep,

goats and poultry)

The origin of the meat must be indicated as follows:

• the last member state or third country of rearing (at least 2 months for pigs,

sheep and goats and 1 month for poultry) indicated as “Reared in:..”

• Member state or third country of slaughter indicated as “Slaughtered in…”

• Reference code for the link between the meat and the animal or group of

animals.

• Origin labeling of meat as an ingredient

• Ban or labeling of meat from slaughter without stunning

• Animal welfare initiative (QS)

• Traceability – food and non-food


Overview:

• Traceability as a legal requirement in the EU

• Special systems for eggs, beef, fish, fruits and vegetables

• Perspective: fTrace as a global supply chain solution

• Rapid alert system RASFF


• Legal requirement for the whole EU [Reg. (EU) Nr. 178/2002]

• Means the ability to trace and follow a food, at all stages of production

• Traceability facilitates the identity, history and source of a product

• It does not make food safe, it is a management tool

• It enables the assurance of food safety and allows action to be taken if food is

found not to be safe, e.g. withdrawal or recall

• “One up” / “One down” - Each stage in the food chain must

• Identify what is received (raw materials from the previous stage in the chain)

• Identify where product is sent (to the next stage in the chain)

• Make information available on demand

• Each stage in the food chain is responsible for the operations under their

control

• No requirement for whole chain traceability

Raw materials or products from supplier

• One step down

Operation

• Storage

• Transport

• Wholesale

• Manufacture

Products to customer

• One step up

A stage in the food chain

Make information available on demand


Special traceability requirements for unprocessed or processed food of animal origin

• Since 1st July 2012, the provisions set out in Regulation 931/2011 regarding the

traceability requirements for unprocessed or processed food of animal origin will be

applicable.

• Sets the piece of information the Food Business Operator should provide to the

competent authority upon request

an accurate description of the food

the volume or quantity of the food

the name and address of the food business operator from which the food

has been dispatched

a reference identifying the lot, batch or consignment,

as appropriate



Existing systems

Eggs:


Existing systems

Beef:

Beef from outside the EU:

• “Non-EU”

• And minimum: “Slaughtered in…”

„Origin…“

„Born in…“

„Fattened in…“

„Slaughtered in…“

„Cut in…“


EU-Traceability and imports

Only intra-territorial effect, i.e.

• applies only from importer up to retail level in EU

• the importer in EU must be able to identify only the

exporter in the 3. country

• the importer do not need to require tracebility beyond

the exporter in the 3. country

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

P1

P2

P3

P3 C3

C1

C2

M1

M2

RE E1

E2

RE E3

E4

RE E5

D1

D2


More tracebalitity - more data

Producer -> Processor -> Exporter -> Wholesaler -> Distributer -> Consumer


Data Base Central Search Engine

Future of traceability in the supply chain–

Decentralized Solution


EU-Rapid alert system RASFF

• Established in 2002.

• Operated by the European Commission.

• When information about a serious health risk deriving from food

or feed, RASFF member must immediately notify.

• If withdrawing or recalling food or feed products from the market

is deemed necessary.

• Most alerts with regard to various microorganisms, pesticide

residues, heavy metals, illegal food additives.


In 2011, a total of 3812 original

notifications were transmitted

• 635 were classified as alert

• 1860 as border rejection

notification.

VI. Product labeling in the area of foodstuff

Overview:

• Obligatory labeling

Requirements according to the new EU Food Information Regulation

Specific labeling for GMOs

• Optional labeling

Managed by independent or non-independent bodies

Examples

Own brands and registered trademarks

Quality marks and testing labels

Geographical designations of origin

Labeling with regard to ecological or social standards


Obligatory labeling

• Minimum durability date/

Use-by date

• Indication of the name under

which the products in question are

to be sold

• Filling quantity

• List of ingredients

• Product-specific information (e.g.

for milk, cheese, fruit jams)

• Nutrition labeling (starting 2016)

• Company name and address

• Identification mark (animal origin)


Obligatory labeling – Important new requirements

• the quantity of certain ingredients or categories of ingredients;

• the net quantity of the food;

• any special storage conditions and/or conditions of use;

• the country of origin or place of provenance for certain types of

meat, milk or where failure to indicate this might mislead the

consumer;

• instructions for use where it would be difficult to make

appropriate use of the food in the absence of such instructions;

• Origin labeling for other fresh meat then beef (pigs, sheep, goats

and poultry)

• the substances causing allergies or intolerances (nuts, milk,

mustard, fish, grains containing gluten, etc.).

The 14 substances are:

• celery;

• cereals containing gluten (such

as wheat, barley, rye and oats);

• crustaceans (such as lobster

and crab);

• eggs;

• fish;

• lupins;

• cow’s milk;

• molluscs (such as mussels

and oysters);

• mustard;

• nuts (such as almonds, hazelnuts,

walnuts, Brazil nuts, cashews, pecans,

pistachios and macadamia nuts);

• peanuts;

• sesame seeds;

• soybeans;

• sulphur dioxide and sulphites

(preservatives used in some foods and

drinks) at levels above 10mg per kg or per

litre.

VI. Product labeling in the area of foodstuff –

Allergy information


Obligatory labeling

• Easy to understand and visible, clearly legible

and, where appropriate, indelible.

• The height of «x» the characters must be at

least 1.2mm (except for small-sized packaging

or containers).

Additional voluntary information

• shall not mislead the consumer;

• shall not be ambiguous or misleading;

• shall, where appropriate, be based on the

relevant scientific data.


Obligatory labeling for GMOs

• Labeling of GM food mandatory for:

products that consist of GMO or contain GMO;

products derived from GMO but no longer containing GMO if there is

still DNA or protein resulting from the genetic modification present

• This means products such as flour, oils and glucose syrups have to be

labeled as GM if they are from a GM source.

• Products produced with GM technology (cheese produced with GM

enzymes, for example) do not have to be labeled.

• Products such as meat, milk and eggs from animals fed on GM animal

feed also do not need to be labeled.

• The words ‘genetically modified’ or ‘produced from genetically

modified (name of the organism)’ must be clearly visible.

• Food and feed products which contain a proportion of GMOs of less than

0.9 % of each ingredient are not labeled as GMO on the condition that the

presence of the genetically modified organism is technically unavoidable.

VI. Optional product labeling

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Logo_Label_Rouge.gif

http://images.globalgap.org/index.php

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VI. Optional product labeling –Own brands

VI. Optional product labeling –

Quality marks and testing labels

VI. Geographical indications and traditional specialties

Three EU schemes known promote and protect names of

quality agricultural products and foodstuffs.

• Protected Designation of Origin - PDO:

covers agricultural products and foodstuffs which are

produced, processed and prepared in a given geographical

area using recognised know-how.

• Protected Geographical Indication - PGI:

covers agricultural products and foodstuffs closely linked to

the geographical area. At least one of the stages of

production, processing or preparation takes place in the

area.

• Traditional Speciality Guaranteed - TSG:

highlights traditional character, either in the

composition or means of production


Number of Geographical Indications by scheme in 2010


Process for registering a

Geographical Indication

or

Traditional Specialty

VI. Labels for organic products

EU organic label

German organic label

German free-of-GMO label

VI. Other labels for organic products

VI. Sustainability/ Fair Trade Labels

VII. Food quality standards / certifications

Overview:

• Objectives of certification schemes

B2B

B2C

• Different standards

Basis: HACCP-Concept, Codex Alimentarius; ISO 9001;

ISO 22000:2005;

Most commonly used:

IFS Food (International Featured Standard);

BRC Global Standard for Food Safety

GlobalG.A.P

QS

EcoStep

VII. Food quality standards / certifications

Objectives of certification schemes

• B2B

Differentiate and add value to the food product.

Define clear rules for contracting parties

Assist food chain operators in complying with legal requirements (feed

hygiene legislation, HAACP guidelines, QAS) and so fulfill liability

requirements and protect the reputation of the vendor

Ensure brand or private label specific production requirements

• B2C

Inform consumers on specific or additional quality traits or other specific

characteristics.

May be linked to environmental protection, animal welfare, organoleptic

characteristics, worker welfare, fair trade, climate change concerns, ethical,

religious or cultural considerations, geographical production environment and

origin.

VII. Food quality standards – Basis: HACCP

H

A

C

C

P

azard

nalysis

ritical

ontrol

oint

• WHAT hazards can

enter the product?

• Where do these

hazards occur?

• How can we control

or eliminate these

hazards?

VII. Food quality standards – Basis: HACCP

EU Regulation 852/2004 & HACCP requirements

• All food business operators (production, processing and distribution of

food) must put in place, implement and maintain a permanent

procedure or procedures based on the HACCP principles.

• Food business operators must:

provide the competent authority with evidence of their compliance

with the requirement to have procedures based on the HACCP

principles taking account of the nature and size of the food

business

ensure that any documents describing the procedures developed

in accordance with this are up-to-date at all times

retain any other documents and records

for an appropriate period

VII. Food quality standards – Basis: Codex A.

• Collection of internationally recognized

standards,

codes of practice,

guidelines and

other recommendations

…relating to foods, food production and food safety

• A single international reference point

• Main goals: Protecting the health of consumers and ensuring fair practices

in the international food trade

• Not a legal requirement –

EU has sometimes stricter specifications

VII. Food quality standards – Basis: Codex A.

General texts

• Food labelling (general standard, guidelines on nutrition labelling, guidelines on labelling

claims)

• Food additives (general standard including authorized uses, specifications for food grade

chemicals)

• Contaminants in foods (general standard, tolerances for specific contaminants including

radionuclides, aflatoxins and other mycotoxins)

• Pesticide and veterinary chemical residues in foods (maximum residue limits)

• Risk assessment procedures for determining the safety of foods derived from

biotechnology (DNA-modified plants, DNA-modified micro-organisms, allergens)

• Food hygiene (general principles, codes of hygienic practice in specific industries or food

handling establishments, guidelines for the use of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control

Point or “HACCP” system)

• Methods of analysis and sampling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_labelling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_labelling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_additive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-organism



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergens

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HACCP

VII. Food quality certifications – Basis: Codex A.

Specific standards:

• Meat products (fresh, frozen, processed meats and poultry)

• Fish and fishery products (marine, fresh water and aquaculture)

• Milk and milk products

• Foods for special dietary uses (including infant formula and baby foods)

• Fresh and processed vegetables, fruits, and fruit juices

• Cereals and derived products, dried legumes

• Fats, oils and derived products such as margarine

• Miscellaneous food products (chocolate, sugar, honey,

mineral water)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_juice

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water

VII. Food quality standards – ISO 22000

What is ISO 9001?

• ISO 9001 is for quality management.

• Quality refers to all those features of a product (or service) which are

required by the customer.

• Quality management means

• what the organization does to ensure that its products or services

satisfy the customer's quality requirements

• comply with any regulations applicable to those products or services.

• Certification is not a requirement of ISO 9001

• The organization can implement and benefit from an ISO 9001 system

without having it certified.


What is ISO 22000?

• A management system standard (based on ISO 9001)

• Specific to food safety management

• Based on Codex HACCP approach with some innovations

• Designed for all segments of food chain & all types of food

business (micro to global)

• Enables a food business to plan, implement, operate,

maintain and update a system to provide safe end products

and demonstrate conformity with applicable regulatory

requirements


EFSIS

Nestlé NQS

FAMI-QS

GMO

ISO 9001

GMP standard for

Corrugated & Solid Board IFS

GFSI

Guide

SQF

AG 9000

ISO 14001

McDonalds system

Kraft food system

Eurepgap

Friesland Coberco FSS

DS 3027

BRC-IoP

BRC-Food

Dutch HACCP

Irish HACCP

M&S

system

Aldi

system

Waiterose

system

GMP GTP

Seeking international coherence among many Good

Manufacuring Practices

VII. Food quality standards - DIN

How does ISO 9001 or ISO 22000

benefit emerging countries?

● By defining the characteristics that products and services will be

expected to meet on export markets;

● Businesses using these standards are increasingly free to compete on

many more markets around the world;

● For developing countries, it represents an international consensus and

constitute an important source of technological know-how;

● International Standards give emerging countries a basis for making the

right decisions when investing their scarce resources

VII. Food quality certifications - IFS

What is IFS?

A Family of Food Supply Chain Safety & Quality Standards

● Flagship IFS Food developed in 2002 in Germany

● Now family of 6 standards

implemented globally in 97 countries

● One of largest food safety /

quality organizations worldwide

● More than 14,000 certifications

● Celebrating 10-years in 2013

● Standards developed by the INDUSTRY they serve

In the late 1990‘s, retailers in Germany were looking for a way to cut cost and improve safety and quality through their supply chain. From that concept, IFS was born.


Safety & Quality with a Purpose

Match safety and quality with:

- Customer satisfaction assessment

- Research and development

- Good manufacturing practices

- Hygiene aspects

- Traceability

- Allergens

- Packaging material

Describe a specific level to be fulfilled

Implement food-legislation

Designed to fit the customer’s demands

Auditor examination and calibration

training

Database & Software

Integrity Program

IFS Food

Food-Production

Production

Packaging

IFS Cash & Carry / Wholesale

Packaging / Commission /

Delivering / Trading C&C/GH

Logistic

IFS Logistics

Storage / Distribution

Broker

IFS Broker

Selecting manufactures /

Organising delivery


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http://collaboration.metrogroup-networking.com/sites/MCCHO134991/Image Library_MCC Italy/Food/Fruit_Vegetables/Fruit/Ready for screen/72dpi german fruit_vege5.JPG


Senior

Management

Responsibility

Food

Defense

Measures,

Analysis,

Improvement

Production or

Service

Process

Resource

Management

Safety &

Quality

Management

System

Safety & Quality in One

IFS Scheme Structure

All IFS Standards

follow same flow

… and many more food services, manufacturers, retailers and

wholesalers around the world.


IFS – Domestic and Global Acceptance

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Coca-ColaLogo.png


Toronto

Canada

St. Louis

USA

Dourados

Brasil

Santiago

Chile

Warsaw

Poland

Berlin

Germany

Paris

France Milan

Italy

Hefei

China


67 certification bodies

850+ auditors active in over 20 languages

14,000+ certified manufacturers

850 registered retailers & food services


IFS Food 6.0 - Basic requirements:

• Functioning management of documents and sound accounting

practices

• Processes are regulated by procedural rules

• Working instructions describe every single production step

• Procedural rules and working instructions have to be up to date

• HACCP concept was established

• Responsibilities are clearly defined by an organisational chart

(organigram)

• Corporate guidelines are established with regard to customer-

orientation, environment, staff and the quality of products


„Knock Out“ (KO)-Criteria for IFS Food 6.0

For food safety, all employees have clearly defined

responsibilities and have to follow a corresponding code of conduct.

Critical control points of HACCP need to be mastered

Rules for personal hygiene are not limited to employees but also apply

to craftsmen and visitors

Specifications for food additives and packaging material are available

It is necassary to stick to arrangements with customers

Management for avoiding foreign objects in the products

System for traceability

Internal audits regarding the functioning of the quality management

Process instructions for product recalls must be in place

System for corrective actions

with clearly defined responsibilities and deadlines


IFS Food 6.0 - Benefits

• Production:

Improvement of communication between management and staff on good

practices, standards and procedures

Monitoring of compliance with food regulations

More effective use of resources

Reducing the need for audits by customers

Greater flexibility since the risk based approach allows for individual solutions

• Marketing/reputation:

Safeguarding the reputation of a company as producer of safe food of high quality;

Opens opportunities to establish business relations

with customers that require independent audits;

Use of the IFS logo as proof for keeping hight standards


Efficiencies related to IFS Food v5


Focus on Sustainability


Results In general, companies are satisfied

with IFS. In particular, SMEs

appreciate the standard.

Implementation and maintenance

costs for IFS may be higher due to

the required investments.

The introduction of the IFS has

improved competitiveness.

Customer relations have improved

as well. Costs for defects have been

minimized because the QM systems

gained a stronger position with the

introduction of IFS.

VII. Food quality certifications - BRC

History of British Retail Consortium’s

Global Food Safety Standard

● Created in 1998 by several British retailers

● So as to strengthen food safety in companies

● The key element for this creation is the English BSE – crisis

(mad cow disease) – loss in confidence in the law

● This standard is compulsory for companies who produce

English private products

● The BRC Food Safety Standard can be used by any food

processing operation where open food is handled, processed

or packed


The Standard is divided into seven sections:

1.Senior Management Commitment and Continual

Improvement

2.The Food Safety Plan (HACCP)

3.Food Safety and Quality Management System

4.Site Standards

5.Product Control

6.Process Control

7.Personnel


Benefits of the BRC standard

• It should reduce the number of food safety audits by each retailer

• Single standard and protocol, allowing evaluation to be carried out by

certification bodies who are accredited against the

European standard

• A single verification, commissioned by the supplier in line with an

agreed evaluation frequency

• Within the evaluation protocol, there is a requirement for ongoing

surveillance / follow up of corrective actions on non-conformity.

• The standard addresses part of the due diligence requirements of

both the supplier and the retailer.

• Recognition of accredited certification bodies in

countries possible where products are sourced.


Focus on sustainability

VII. Food quality certifications – GlobalG.A.P

History of GlobalG.A.P

GLOBALG.A.P.’s roots began in 1997 as EUREPGAP

Their solution: Harmonize their own standards and procedures and develop

an independent certification system for Good Agricultural Practice (G.A.P.).

The EUREPGAP standards helped producers comply with Europe-wide

accepted criteria for food safety, sustainable production methods, worker

and animal welfare, and responsible use of water, compound feed and

plant propagation materials.

Driven by the impacts of globalization, a growing number of producers and

retailers around the globe joined in.

EurepGAP changed its name to GLOBALG.A.P. in 2007.

GLOBALG.A.P. today is the world's leading farm assurance program,

translating consumer requirements into Good Agricultural Practice in a rapidly

growing list of countries – currently more than 100 on every continent.


GLOBALG.A.P. is holistic.

Benchmark: Good Agricultural Practice

minimizes the risk of microbiological contamination;

lessens detrimental environmental impacts of farming

operations;

ensures a responsible approach to

worker health and safety as well as animal welfare.

Standards for

vegetables,

fruits,

flower production,

livestock,

fishery


Holistic approach

Total number of control points: 203

Compound Feed Manufacturer


Members (Retail & Food service)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Members (Producer & supplier)


Countries with GLOBALG.A.P.

certified producers

VII. Food quality certifications – QS

The QS scheme was established in October 2001.

Founded on the findings from the BSE crisis and with the objective to

consequently implement the obligation of self-assessment,

Includes the product scopes beef, veal, pork and poultry as well as fresh

fruit and vegetables.

QS assures food safety from farm to shop – right from the start.

Products only carry the QS certification mark if all parties involved in its

production commonly comply with the requirements of the QS scheme.

More than 130.000 scheme participants in Germany, in Europe and around

the world have already joined the QS scheme

VII. Food quality certifications – QS

• Products are produced, processed and marketed

according to clearly defined criteria.

• Criteria defined jointly by all participating stages of the food supply chain.

• Comprehensive documentation and self- assessment measures.

• Compliance inspected by independent certification bodies.

• Integrity of the whole QS scheme is monitored

within the scheme integrity system (SIKS).

• Targeted to consumer confidence in Germany,

QS is open for international partners.

• Mutual recognition of different quality assurance schemes

(e.g.) GlobalG.A.P serves to prevent double auditing

VII. Integrated certification for SMEs

● Developed between 2001 and 2004 by a cooperation

between the government of the German Land Hessen and

representatives of industry and trade.

● Especially designed for SMEs

● Integrates different demands a company must meet

including:

Issues of corporate management,

Occupational health and safety,

Quality,

Environmental impacts.

● Integrated approach within a scheme that is certified and

process-oriented.

● A total of 40 companies have been certified so far.

● The program is developed on the basis of the main

requirements of management systems such as ISO 9001,

ISO 14001 and EMAS

VIII. Environmental certifications

Overview:

● Basis: ISO 14001:2004;

● TÜV SÜD Carbon Footprint;

● TÜV NORD CERT - ISO 14064


Why implementing environmental standards?

● Alongside the fulfillment of compulsory measures,

organizations are increasingly expected to make a voluntary

contribution to climate protection.

● Ever more German consumers wish to purchase from those

companies that can demonstrate that they conduct their business

sustainably and in a climate-friendly way.

● Increasingly important for foodstuff with long transportation and

distribution ways (apples from New Zealand)

● Companies which have lower CO2 emissions than their competitors

can use the direct comparison for advertising purposes.

● In addition, monitoring and inspection of emission sources in the

company can identify considerable (including financial) savings.


ISO 14001:2004

● Environmental Management System (EMS) that uses a continual improvement

approach in achieving and demonstrating sound environmental performance.

● The goal is for organizations to control the impacts that their activities, products

and services have on the environment.

● The organization must develop an effective system that meets the requirements

of the Standard.

● Document, implement and maintain the system.

● The EMS documents need to be controlled.

● Follow a Plan-Do-Check-Act approach.

Plan - Establish the objectives and processes needed to deliver the results (in

line with the EMS).

Do - Implement the needed processes of the EMS.

Check - Check the processes against the policy, objectives,

targets, regulations, and report on the results. (Auditing)

Act - Take actions that will continually improve the EMS.

VIII. Environmental certifications – ISO 14001

4.2 Environmental Policy

4.3.1 Environmental Aspects

4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements

4.3.3 Objectives, Targets and Programs

4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility and

Authority

4.4.2 Competence, Training and Awareness

4.4.3 Communication

4.4.4 Documentation

4.4.5 Control of Documents

4.4.6 Operational Control

4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response 4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement

4.5.2 Evaluation of Compliance

4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective Action and Preventive

Action

4.5.4 Control of Records

4.5.5 Internal Audit

CHECK

DO

PLAN

ACT 4.6 Management

Review


● TÜV NORD CERT is one of the

leading international certifier

● Offers a wide range of services in the energy and carbon sector –

from inspection of energy management systems and

validation/verification of climate protection projects to checking eco-

balances.

● National and international references in the area of climate

protection, accredited by the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to validate, verify and certify

international climate protection projects.

● Around 1,000 projects (Clean Development Mechanism, Joint

Implementation, Voluntary Offset).

● Uses standard ISO 14064 for the verification of the carbon foot print

● Life Cycle Assessment

Farm

Transport

Storage &

processing

Retail

INPUTS OUTPUTS Machinery

Pesticides

Fertiliser

Electricity

Fuel

Food

Wastes

Pollution

Machinery

Fuel

Machinery

Electricity

Pollution

Pollution

Wastes

Electricity

Packaging

Wastes

Pollution

Electricity

Fuel Consumption Wastes

Pollution

Disposal Electricity

Fuel Wastes

Pollution

VIII. Environmental certifications –

Life Cycle Approach


Typical carbon

footprints

(kg CO2 equivalents per

kg of food/drink)


Example: Noble’s Coffee (Brazil)

● One of the largest coffee trading companies in Brazil

● Commenced TÜV Nord to assess, validate and offset the carbon

footprint of Noble's coffee supply chains in 2010 to develop a new

product – Carbon Neutral Coffee from Brazil.

● The project expanded in the subsequent year to create another new

product – Carbon Neutral Cocoa from Côte d‘Ivoire.

● Carbon footprint calculation comprises all the upstream emissions at

farm level, during processing, transportation, shipping and roasting.

● Mapped the most effective ways to reduce and neutralize our carbon

footprint all the way from the farmers to the manufacturers.

● The remaining emissions are offset by carbon credits from renewable

energy and energy efficiency projects.

VII. Environmental certifications

TÜV SÜD Carbon Footprint

Corporate Carbon Footprint Certification (CCF):

• A company-wide Corporate Carbon Footprint, including all emissions along

the supply chain.

• Review in accordance with the Green House Gas Protocol or the ISO 14064

standard or a combination of the two.

Product Carbon Footprint (PCF):

• Covers the whole life of a specific product or service.

• Calculation on the basis of the Life Cycle Assessment standard ISO 14040.


TÜV SÜD Carbon Footprint

Case study organic wine 2010 - Viñedos Emiliana (Chile)

● The Chilean company is one of the leading producers of premium

organically grown wines.

● Experts analysed not only the grape harvest and the finishing

process, but also the complete supply chain from the vineyard to

the table.

● Experts verified on site that the vineyard reliably recorded all

direct and indirect

● The certification of the Chilean wine was based on the Standard

Public Available Specification 2050 (PAS 2050:2008), the world’s

first framework methodology for product carbon footprint,

developed by the British Standards Institution (BSI).

● To offset all product-related CO2 emissions, the vineyard

purchased certificates in a climate-change project based on the

“Verified Carbon Standard” (VCS) and Social Carbon standards.

IX. Some critical thoughts on certifications

Quality Certifications - The easy way out?

• De facto privatization of food safety policy

• Food safety becoming a competition instrument between

retailers

• Confusion for producers and traders with negative implications

of internal market functioning

• Decreasing confidence in regulatory system

• Confusion among consumers

Thank you for your attention!

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