TEXTILESOLUTIONS.

Bezema Colour Solutions.

BEZAKTIV GO

REACTIVE DYES FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY DYEING WITH GREATLY REDUCED PROCESS TIMES

CONTENTS

GO FOR SUCCESS WITH BEZAKTIV GO Page

1. GO FOR SUSTAINABILITY 4

2. GO FOR MINIMAL WATER CONSUMPTION 8

3. GO FOR EFFICIENCY 9

4. GO FOR PROCESS SAFETY 10

5. GO FOR HIGH SPEED 11

6. DYEING METHODS 126.1 Exhaust process 14 BEZAKTIV GO process with 40 °C BEZAKTIV GO process with 60 °C6.2 Semi-continuous process 186.3 Continuous process 20

7. DYESTUFF INFORMATION 22

3

Process comparison

Sustainability

Water consumptionup to 30 % water savings

Efficiencysignificantly reduction of main production costs

Process safetysame shade irrespective of the process can be assured

High speedup to 50 % time savings

Carbone dioxideup to 50 % reduction of carbone dioxide emission

Time in minutes

Commodities BEZAKTIV GO / GO-Process with 40 °C

Tem

pera

ture

in °

C

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 50 100 150 200 250 300

1. GO FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Minimum consumption of water, energy and salt

Reduction of water and energy consump-tion as well as the amount of salt released into our ecological systems are global challenges that decide over the future of the current and future generations.

The amount of water and energy con-sumed during conventional dyeing is tre-mendous. In recent years vigorous at-tempts have been made to save water and energy, especially by reducing the number and temperature of the rinsing baths.

This approach has been consistently con-tinued with the development of the colour-intensive BEZAKTIV GO dyes. The new dye technology enables the revolutionary GO process with even lower temperatures during dyeing and rinsing. 40 °C rinsing baths are sufficient for most dyeing applications!

At the same time the process time is reduced considerably as fewer rinsing baths are required at a lower temperature. Productivity is enhanced as a result with-out any expensive investments.

CO2

54

GO FORSUSTAIN-ABILITY

Every day, our environment is exposed to numerous negative influences: For this reason, we would like to contribute our share with sustainable products. Is it possible to achieve dyeings with good wet fastnesses and have yet improved eco logical properties? Yes, it is with our BEZAKTIV GO – and you benefit from this in various ways.

Our BEZAKTIV GO dyes only require mini-mum quantities of water, energy and elec-

trolytes. The dyeing times are very short, and the dyes can be used in much lower quantities, which not only helps protect the environment but also save money. Our concentrated BEZAKTIV GO dyes have excellent exhaust and fixation properties which guarantee highest productivity even with clearly shorter process times. You need of course not waive the usual inten-sity and process safety of our dyes but achieve results of the usual, high Bezema Colour Solutions quality.

7

Commodities Comparison of the main cost factors

BEZAKTIV GO

Fastness of dyeing with BEZAKTIV GO after three rinsing baths at 40 °C

2. GO FOR MINIMAL WATER CONSUMPTION

Only small amounts of hydrolysate are produced during the use of BEZAKTIV GO dyes which can be easily washed out. The

use of COTOBLANC SEL in the second rinsing bath also improves the rinsing effi-ciency further.

3. GO FOR EFFICIENCY

Efficiency is the leitmotif of the entire GO process. This starts with the high colour intensity of the BEZAKTIV GO dyes and the resulting lower dye and salt requirements through to the optimised washing process.

Invest now in a cost-saving, future-orient-ed technology to minimise the ecological footprint of your production facilities.

Residual liquor 1st rinsing bath 2nd rinsing bath 3rd rinsing bath 4th rinsing bath 5th rinsing bath 6th rinsing bath

50 °C 70 °C 98 °C 70 °C 50 °C 30 °C

Residual liquor 1st rinsing bath 2nd rinsing bath 3rd rinsing bath

40 °C 40 °C 40 °C

1 g/l COTOBLANC SEL

Colour fastness to washing 60 °C Colour fastness to water severe

Commodities BEZAKTIV GO / GO-Process with 40 °C

Com

pari

son

in %

600

500

400

300

200

100

0Dyestuff

consumptionSalt

consumptionWater

consumptionOil consumption

for steam generation

Process time

Do you want to know what you can save if you dye with BEZAKTIV GO? Find it out with our calculation software tool within our Bezema Colour Solutions dyestuff app – free for iOS and Android.

8

1) This offer is not valid in Mexico.

Sustainable dyeing in all shades

4. GO FOR PROCESS SAFETY

Optimal exhaustion of the ternary

The basis of the BEZAKTIV GO dyes are the proven elements BEZAKTIV Orange GO, BEZAKTIV Red GO and BEZAKTIV

Navy GO with their effectively harmonising dyeing behaviour.

5. GO FOR HIGH SPEED

BEZAKTIV GO dyes in the cold pad-batch process

BEZAKTIV GO dyes do not only fix rapidly during the exhaust process, but can also increase productivity in the CPB process. Standard dyes normally need a minimum fixing time of 12 – 16 hours in the CPB pro-cess. If the dwelling time is shorter, not all

ternary dyes are fully fixed, so that the col-our depth and especially the shade devi-ates from the setting. BEZAKTIV GO dyes already reach their fully fixed condition at an ambient temperature of 20 to 25 °C af-ter a dwelling time of six hours or less.

Supplementary elements

BEZAKTIV Golden Yellow GO1) brighter alternative to BEZAKTIV Orange GO

BEZAKTIV Scarlet GO alternative to BEZAKTIV Red GO for light-fast dyeing results

BEZAKTIV Blue GO for bright blue and green shades

BEZAKTIV Dark Blue GO alternative to BEZAKTIV Navy GO for light-fast dyeing results

BEZAKTIV Black GO deep black with the highest fastness properties already after rinsing baths at 60 °C

BEZAKTIV Velvet Black GO deep black with a neutral shade, non-staining of PA-fibres

BEZAKTIV ZERO Orange GO p-chloroaniline-free with good colour build up and very good wet fastness

BEZAKTIV ZERO Scarlet GO p-chloroaniline-free with high colour strength and very good wet and light fastness

BEZAKTIV ZERO Navy GO p-chloroaniline-free with very good washing fastness

BEZAKTIV ZERO Black GO p-chloroaniline-free with very good wet fastness

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

pH °C mS/cm

12.6 126 252

11.2 112 224

9.8 98 196

8.4 84 168

7.0 70 140

5.6 56 112

4.2 42 84

2.8 28 56

1.4 14 28

0.0 0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Time in minutes

Orange GO Red GO Navy GO

pH value temperature electrolyte

100

80

60

40

20

0

– 20

– 40

– 20 – 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Fixing speed in the CPB process

dE: 0.22 dE: 0.17 standard

4 hours dwelling time 6 hours dwelling time 20 hours dwelling time

1110

DYEING METHODS

BEZAKTIV GO dyes are tailor-made dyes for the ecological and economical GO process. The high fixation values of BEZAKTIV GO enable the washing-off of hydrolysate at 40 – 60 °C in 3 – 4 rinsing baths. The temperature and the number of rinsing baths depend on colour depth, carry-over and liquor ratio. Perfect wet fastnesses are achieved when the process is completed with a cationic after-treat-ment. In addition, they are perfectly suita-ble for all common processes in exhaust, semi-continuous and continuous dyeing.

The most advanced dyeing and rinsing process is only feasible with BEZAKTIV GO dyes. The reduced temperature leads to an increased process safety due to better control of fixation speed and a reduced hy-drolysis of unfixed dye for highest possible colour yield. If the dosage is monitored, sodium carbonate and caustic soda can be added simultaneously. With progressive alkali dosing a steady increasing fixing curve and therefore the best possible lev-elness is reached.

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00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

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100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Time in minutes

Tem

pera

ture

in °

C

45 – 60 minutes D EC (45 minutes)A B

6. DYEING METHODS

6.1 Exhaust process for BEZAKTIV GO

The optimal dyeing temperature is 40 –60 °C. The appropriate dyeing temperature depends not on the dyestuffs, but on the articles and machinery. E.g. for yarn, dense articles or viscose a higher temper-ature is advantageous. BEZAKTIV GO dyes can be used both on exhaust machines

(jet, overflow) and also on exhaust appara-tus (cross-package or warp beam dyeing apparatus, beam dyeing apparatus). The recommended auxiliaries and the correct amounts of salt and alkali are given in the following process description.

BEZAKTIV GO process with 40 °C

A

1.0 – 2.0 g/l SARABID LDR or SARABID MIP

1.0 – 2.0 g/l BIAVIN BPA

5.0 – 90.0 g/l Common salt or Glauber's salt

B x % BEZAKTIV GO dyestuffs

C5.0 g/l Sodium carbonate

1.2 – 5.0 ml/l Caustic soda 38°Bé (add progressively within 45 min)

D 1.0 ml/l COTOBLANC SEL

E1.0 ml/l Acetic acid 80%

3.0 % REWIN ACP

Salt and alkali requirements for unmercerised cotton in liquor ratio 1:8 – 1:12 for 40 °C process

GO process 40 °C

Dyestuff Salt Soda ash Caustic soda 38 °Bé

% g/l g/l ml/l

< 0.10.1 – 0.50.5 – 1.01.0 – 2.02.0 – 3.03.0 – 4.04.0 – 5.05.0 – 6.0> 6.0

102030405060708090

555555555

1.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.0

* recommended pH level between pH 11.8 – 12.3

Salt and alkali requirements for mercerised cotton and viscose in liquor ratio 1:8 – 1:12 for 40 °C process

GO process 40 °C

Dyestuff Salt Soda ash Caustic soda 38 °Bé

% g/l g/l ml/l

< 0.10.1 – 0.50.5 – 1.01.0 – 2.02.0 – 3.03.0 – 4.04.0 – 5.05.0 – 6.0> 6.0

102030405060708090

5105555555

1.21.51.92.32.73.03.33.64.0

Liquor ratio Factor Liquor ratio Factor

1:51:8 – 1:121:151:20

1.301.000.800.65

1:51:8 – 1:121:151:20

– 10 g/l saltas per table+ 10 g/l salt+ 20 g/l salt

1514

Time in minutes

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Tem

pera

ture

in °

C 45 – 60 minutes D

E

C (45 minutes)A B

BEZAKTIV GO process with 60 °C

A

1.0 – 2.0 g/l SARABID LDR oder SARABID MIP

1.0 – 2.0 g/l BIAVIN BPA

5.0 – 90.0 g/l Common salt or Glauber's salt

B x % BEZAKTIV GO dyestuffs

C5.0 g/l Sodium carbonate

0.8 – 5.0 ml/l Caustic soda 38°Bé (add progressively within 45 min)

D 1.0 ml/l COTOBLANC SEL

E1.0 ml/l Acetic acid 80%

3.0 % REWIN ACP

Salt and alkali requirements for unmercerised cotton in liquor ratio 1:8 – 1:12 for 60 °C process

GO process 60 °C

Dyestuff Salt Soda ash Caustic soda 38 °Bé Only sodium carbonate

% g/l g/l ml/l g/l

< 0.10.1 – 0.50.5 – 1.01.0 – 2.02.0 – 3,03.0 – 4.04.0 – 5.05.0 – 6.0> 6.0

102030405060708090

510

5555555

––1.01.52.02.53.03.53.5

51015152020252525

Salt and alkali requirements for mercerised cotton and viscose in liquor ratio 1:8 – 1:12 for 60 °C process

GO process 60 °C

Dyestuff Salt Soda ash Caustic soda 38 °Bé Only sodium carbonate

% g/l g/l ml/l g/l

< 0.10.1 – 0.50.5 – 1.01.0 – 2.02.0 – 3.03.0 – 4.04.0 – 5.05.0 – 6.0> 6.0

102030405060708090

57.5

5555555

––0.81.21.51.72.02.22.5

57.510151520202525

Liquor ratio Factor Liquor ratio Factor

1:51:8 – 1:121:151:20

1.301.000.800.65

1:51:8 – 1:121:151:20

– 10 g/l saltas per table+ 10 g/l salt+ 20 g/l salt

1716

6.2 Semi-continuous process for BEZAKTIV GO

Woven and knitted fabric made of cellulose or regenerated cellulose can be dyed very economically with the cold pad batch (CPB) process with BEZAKTIV GO dyes. When BEZAKTIV GO dyes are combined with BEZAKTIV V or S, it should be en-sured that dyes with the same dyeing properties such as fibre affinity, liquor stability and fixing speed should be used. This information is given in the respective tables. To prevent tailing during padding, a high liquor exchange should be ensured. With lightweight fabrics dyeing should be performed with a low trough level and a high running speed. A low liquor stability can result in tailing. To ensure a high liq-uor stability it is highly recommended that the temperature of the padding liquor is not higher than 25 °C. Dye and alkali solu-tion with a 4:1 ratio are combined just be-fore the padder with a mixing pump or doser and added to the dye trough. The application amounts of dye, auxiliaries and fixing alkalis are based on the overall vol-ume of the padding liquor. It is important that the fabrics have been cooled properly before padding to ensure reproducibility. If the fabric temperature is too high, the liq-uor stability is lowered which results in a change of colour or its depth. A constant production speed should generally be en-sured. Different speeds influence the liq-uor pick-up and result in tailing. During dyeing the fabric is rolled with a straight line fabric. In order to ensure optimum fix-ation of the dye, the dyed goods must be packed with an air-tight plastic film and left for a certain time at room tempera-ture. Packing the goods with an airtight package prevents carbon dioxide from the air partially neutralising the fixing alkali.

When dyeing with several dyes the dwell-ing time of the dye with the longest dwell-ing time should be taken.Cold pad batch process with reduced sodi-um silicate quantity The reduced silicate version is the standard version and has a high pad liquor stability in the temperature range of 20 – 30 °C. The application amount of sodium silicate 38 °Bé is gener-ally 50 ml/l. Addition of the dye with the fixing alkali is performed with a mixing pump with a ratio of 4:1. To prevent silicate deposits on the rollers, intensive rinsing before neutralisation is essential.

Dye solution: x g/l BEZAKTIV GO dye 1 – 3 g/l COLORCONTIN VGP

Alkali solution: 50 ml/l Sodium silicate 38 °Bé y ml/l Caustic soda 38 °Bé

Mixing ratio: The stated quantities g/l of dye, ml/l of sodium silicate and ml/l of caustic soda 32.5 % (38 °Bé) are based on the total volume of the padding liquor. Dye and alkali solution are combined with a mixing pump with a normal mixing ratio of 4:1 and form the total padding liquor volume.

Padding liquor temperature:20 – 25 °C

Dwelling time:6 – 24 hours, up to 40 hours no colour losses or shifts in shade occur.

Table information: The given dye specifications were deter-mined with use of the reduced sodium sili-cate method (50 ml/l) and caustic soda 38 °Bé with 30 g/l dye at a padding and dwelling temperature of 25 °C.

Fibre affinity:The fibre affinity was determined by add-ing alkali and characterises the specific exhaustion properties of a dye. To avoid tailing problems, the use of dyes with the same fibre affinity is advantageous.

Alkali concentration for the reduced sodium silicate method

Technical application notes for dyeing according to the CPB process

Dye designation Fibre affinity Liquor stability Fixation speed Minimum fixing time

BEZAKTIV Golden Yellow GO1)

BEZAKTIV Orange GOBEZAKTIV Scarlet GOBEZAKTIV Red GOBEZAKTIV Blue GOBEZAKTIV Dark Blue GOBEZAKTIV Navy GOBEZAKTIV Black GOBEZAKTIV Velvet Black GOBEZAKTIV ZERO Orange GOBEZAKTIV ZERO Scarlet GOBEZAKTIV ZERO Navy GOBEZAKTIV ZERO Black GO

mediummediummediummediummediummediumhighhighhighlowmediummediumlow

lowmediumlowmediummediummediummediummediumhighlowlowhighmedium

fastfastfastfastfastfastfastfastfastfastfastfastfast

6 h6 h6 h6 h8 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h8 h6 h

g/l BEZAKTIV GO dye

ml/

l Cau

stic

sod

a 32

.5 %

(38

°Bé)

40

35

30

25

20

15

100 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

1918

Padding liquor stability

The padding liquor stability is given in minutes. A period of time for hydrolysis of 10 % of the employed dye is determined. This theoretical value cannot be imple-mented directly in practice, as the dye and alkali solution are constantly added to the trough. For this reason the actual value of the liquor replacement in the trough should not exceed three minutes. The val-ues of the BEZAKTIV GO dyes were deter-mined at a temperature of 25 °C and with the use of the reduced sodium silicate var-iant. A higher temperature and different alkali systems influence the liquor stability.

The BEZAKTIV dyes are categorised as follows:Low < 10 minutesMedium 10 – 20 minutesHigh > 20 minutes

Fixation speed

The speed of fixation depends greatly on the dwelling temperature. A regular tem-perature of the dyed fabric, liquor and en-vironment is a requirement for regular fix-ation. The stated values of the Bezaktiv GO dyes are based on an ambient temperature of 25 °C during dwelling. If the ambient temperature is lower, the dye is fixed more slowly. For this reason it is necessary to adapt the dwelling time accordingly.

The BEZAKTIV dyes are categorised as follows:Slow > 16 hoursMedium 8 – 16 hoursFast < 8 hours

6.3 Continuous dyeing process for BEZAKTIV GO

Pad dry pad steam process

The pad dry pad steam process is the classic continuous process for dyeing wo-ven fabrics. It is primarily used for cellu-lose articles with a high yardage. This process is characterised by a high produc-tivity, a good fabric appearance as well as a good colour yield. The use of a dosing pump is not necessary with this process.

Pad dry thermofix process

The pad dry thermofix process is a single-bath and salt-free continuous process. Particularly suitable for light to medium shades. A lower light fastness level is achieved compared to the pad dry pad steam process. No dosing pump is re-quired for this process. Fixation is per-formed with hot air. Sodium bicarbonate is recommended as a fixing alkali, because of higher liquor stability than sodium car-bonate.

Dye pad: x g/l BEZAKTIV GO dye 1.0 – 3.0 g/l COLORCONTIN VGP 1.0 – 5.0 g/l MEROPAN XR GRANULATE 5.0 – 10.0 g/l MIGRASOL SAP

Pick up: 60 – 80 %

Padding temperature: 20 – 30 °C

Pre-drying to a residual moisture content of 30 – 35 % in the IR zone

Drying: 110 – 120 °C

Padding of chemicals: 250 g/l Common salt 20 g/l Sodium carbonate 7.5 – 15 g/l Caustic soda 38 °Bé

Pick up: 80 – 100 %

Padding temperature: 20 – 30 °C

Fixation: Steaming with 102 °C saturated steam for 60 – 90 seconds.

Alkali requirements

Dye g/l < 20 20 – 40 > 40

Caustic soda 38 °Bé ml/l 7.5 10 15

Remarks: Regular pre-drying is necessary to ensure optimum reproducibility and a level fabric appearance.

Dye pad: x g/l BEZAKTIV GO dye 1.0 – 3.0 g/l COLORCONTIN VGP 1.0 – 5.0 g/l MEROPAN XR GRANULATE 5.0 – 10.0 g/l MIGRASOL SAP 0 – 150 g/l Urea x g/l Sodium bicarbonate

Pick up: 60 – 80 %

Padding temperature: 20 – 30 °C

Pre-drying to a residual moisture content of 30 – 35 % in the IR zone

Drying: 110 – 120 °C

Thermofixation: 60 – 180 seconds at 150 °C

Alkali requirements (sodium bicarbonate)

Dye g/l 5 10 20 30 > 30

Sodium bicarbonate g/l 10 15 20 25 30

Remarks: Regular pre-drying is necessary to ensure optimum reproducibility and a level fabric appearance.

2120

ETADEcological andToxologicalAssociationof Dyes andOrganic PigmentsManufactures

Member of

This application flyer, all dye-stuff profiles and colour shade cards and much more usefull information can also be found in our Bezema Colour Solutions dyestuff app or online: www.cht.com/reactive-dyes

BEZAKTIV GO / ZERO GOBEZAKTIV GODYESTUFFS

HP HIGH PERFORMANCE

Environmentally-friendly ternary for water and energy saving dyeing processes. Maximum fixing properties at low dyeing and rinsing temperatures and short process times.

BEZAKTIV Golden Yellow GO1)

BEZAKTIV Orange GO BEZAKTIV Scarlet GO BEZAKTIV Red GO BEZAKTIV Blue GO BEZAKTIV Dark Blue GO BEZAKTIV Navy GO BEZAKTIV Black GO BEZAKTIV Velvet Black GO

BEZAKTIV ZERO GODYESTUFFS

HP HIGH PERFORMANCE

P-chloroaniline-free dyes, dischargeable to white, which can be used for the GO process due to their good wash-out properties and fast fixing. Free from unwanted arylamines, mainly used for medium to dark shades.

BEZAKTIV ZERO Orange GO BEZAKTIV ZERO Scarlet GO BEZAKTIV ZERO Navy GO BEZAKTIV ZERO Black GO

1) This offer os not valid in Mexico.23

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02 /

2019

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